dynamics of quantal heating in electron systems with discrete spectra william mayer 1,2, s. dietrich...
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Dynamics of Quantal Heating in Electron Systems with Discrete Spectra
William Mayer1,2, S. Dietrich1,2, S. Vitkalov1, A. A. Bykov3,4
1. City College of City University of New York, New York 10031, USA2. Graduate Center of City University of New York, New York 10016, USA3. A. V. Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia4. Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
Thursday, May 28, 2015
Quantum transport in 2D systemsMay 23 - 30, 2015, Luchon, France
Strong nonlinear responses in 2DEG
•Due to MW pumping
•Due to DC bias
J.Q. Zhang, S. Vitkalov, A.A. Bykov Phys. Rev. B 80, 045310 (2009)
M. A. Zudov, R. R. Du, L. N. Pfeiffer and K. W. West, Phys. Rev.Lett. 90, 046807 (2003)
I. A. Dmitriev, M. G. Vavilov, I. L.Aleiner, A. D. Mirlin, and D.G. Polyakov, Phys. Rev. B 71, 115316 (2005)
S. I. Dorozhkin, JETP Lett, 77, 577 (2003)
Quantal Heating is effect of quantum mechanics on Joule Heating
• decreases conductivity
• occurs in electron systems with quantized spectrum
• does not exist in classical electron systems
J.Q. Zhang, S. Vitkalov, A.A. Bykov , Phys. Rev. B 80, 045310 (2009)
Quantal Heating is… Apply bias , E
Spatial Spectral Diffusion
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Selective Flattening of
−𝜕 𝑓𝜕𝑡
+𝐸2𝜎 𝐷
❑
𝜈 (𝜖 )𝜕𝜖 [ 𝜈 (𝜖 )2
𝜈02 𝜕𝜖 𝑓 (𝜖 )]= 𝑓 (𝜖 )− 𝑓 𝑇 (𝜖)
𝜏 𝑖𝑛
Lower longitudinal conductivity
𝜎 𝑛𝑙=∫𝜎 (𝜖 )(− 𝜕 𝑓𝜕𝜖 )𝑑𝜖
𝜖𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙=𝜖 𝐾 (𝑡)+𝑒𝐸 x (t)
𝑥
I. A. Dmitriev, M. G. Vavilov, I. L.Aleiner, A. D. Mirlin, and D.G. Polyakov, Phys. Rev. B 71, 115316 (2005)
Quantal Heating in the dc-domain
−𝜕 𝑓𝜕𝑡
+𝐸2𝜎 𝐷𝐶
❑
𝜈 (𝜖 )𝜕𝜖 [𝜈 (𝜖 )2
𝜈02 𝜕 𝑓 (𝜖 )]= 𝑓 (𝜖 )− 𝑓 𝑇 (𝜖 )
𝜏 𝑖𝑛
• Gaussian DOS for electrons• Conductivity:• No electron spatial
redistribution from dc bias
𝜎 𝑛𝑙=∫𝜎 (𝜖 )(− 𝜕 𝑓𝜕𝜖 )𝑑𝜖
Inelastic rate
Why dynamics?• There is a difficulty with the inelastic
mechanism in MW domain: the polarization dependence seems does not agree with experiment.
• There is a nonlinearity related to spatial electron redistribution due to applied bias. The nonlinearity is comparable with quantal heating in SdH regime.
• SdH method indicates inelastic rate proportional to temperature TM.G. Blyumina, A. G. Denisov, T. A.
Polyanskaya, I. G. Savel’ev, A. P. Senichkin, and Yu. V. Schmartsev, JETP Lett., 44,257 (1986)
Scott Dietrich, S. A. Vitkalov, D. V. Dmitriev and A. A. Bykov, Phys. Rev. B 85, 115312 (2012).
J. H. Smet, et al Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 116804 (2005).
Samples
r2=1mm
r1=0.9mm
• MBE grown• Selectively doped single
GaAs quantum wells• GaAs/AlAs superlattice
barriers
Corbino geometry provides well determined radial field distribution. Important for nonlinear measurements
• High electron density decreases e-e scattering
• High mobility strong variations in the density of states
GaAs/AlAs
GaAs QW 13nm
Si
𝜔1𝜔2
𝜔=𝜔1−𝜔2
Dynamics of Quantal Heating:Difference Frequency Method
Total field:
where
Analyzer measures signal
Analyzer:
SRC: SRC:
LPF Bias-Tee
Lockin
Scott Dietrich, William Mayer, Sergey Vitkalov, A. A. Bykov, cond-mat > arXiv:1410.2618, Phys. Rev. B 91, 205439 (2015).
Dynamics of Quantal Heating
𝑗 𝜔=𝐸0∫𝜎 𝜖 [−𝜕𝜖 ( 𝛿 𝑓 𝜔 ) ] 𝑑 𝜖=2𝐸0𝐸1𝐸2exp (𝑖𝜔𝑡 )
𝑖 𝜔+1/𝜏 𝑖𝑛Σ(𝐵)
−𝜕 𝑓𝜕𝑡
+𝐸2𝜎 𝐷
❑
𝜈 (𝜖 )𝜕𝜖 [ 𝜈 (𝜖 )2
𝜈02 𝜕𝜖 𝑓 (𝜖 )]= 𝑓 (𝜖 )− 𝑓 𝑇 (𝜖)
𝜏 𝑖𝑛
Heating (excitation)
Now time dependent & modulated by beating of two sources.
Cooling (relaxation)
𝑓 = 𝑓 𝑇+𝛿 𝑓 𝜔&
We measure -signal∝𝐸0𝐸1𝐸2
√𝜔 2+1/𝜏 𝑖𝑛2
Magnetic Field Dependence
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.60
1
2
3
4
5
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
R(k
)
-s
igna
l (V
)
B (T)
f=1.0 MHz
Dc Bias Dependence-signal ∝
𝑬 𝟎 𝐸1𝐸2√𝜔 2+1/𝜏 𝑖𝑛2
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 300.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
-s
ign
al (m
V)
Vdc
(mV)
1 MHz
r(k
)
1 GHz
1.5 GHz
T=4.8 KB=0.333 T
Power Dependence-signal ∝𝐸0𝑬 𝟏 𝑬 𝟐
√𝜔 2+1/𝜏 𝑖𝑛2
-25 -15 -5 50.01
0.1
1
10
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16185
190
195
200
205
210
215
220
225
20log(E1E
2) (dBm)
-s
ignal (m
V)
1 MHz 1 GHz 1.5GHz
T=4.8KB=0.33T
1.5 GHz
1 MHz
R (
Oh
m)
P1+P
2 (mW)
1 GHz
Dynamics of Quantal Heating
-signal ∝𝐸0𝐸1𝐸2
√𝝎 2+1/𝜏 𝑖𝑛2/
Dynamics of Quantal Heating
electron-phonon interactions
∝𝑇 3
electron-electron interactions
∝𝑇 2
∝𝑇 2
e-e interaction dominates
Dynamics of Quantal Heating
CV
𝑘𝑇 ≫ћ𝜔 𝑐
e-phonon interaction dominates
∝𝑇 3
𝑘𝑇 ≈ћ𝜔𝑐
J.Q. Zhang, S. Vitkalov, A.A. Bykov , Phys. Rev. B 80, 045310 (2009)
Comparison of two methods
•Order of magnitude agreement
• ω-signal is direct measurement
•dc-domain may experience electron spatial redistribution
Conclusions• direct
measurements of inelastic relaxation
• Observe T2 dependence for
• Approaches T3 dependence for
Scott Dietrich, William Mayer, Sergey Vitkalov, A. A. Bykov, cond-mat > arXiv:1410.2618, Phys. Rev. B 91, 205439 (2015)
Acknowledgements
https://sites.google.com/site/ccnymw
NSF DMR 1104503 & RFBR #14-02-01158
Thank You