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PEPSEE SYSTEMS: Grassroots' Innovation Under Groundwater
Stress
Shilp Verma Stanzin Tsephal
Tony Jose
Pepsee System of Irrigation
Pepsee system is a low cost alternative of drip irrigation system (DIS). It does not require micro tube or emitter to place water directly to the root zone instead the lateral, which is called pepsee a light-weight plastic pipes used for making ice candy locally called “Pepsee”, is placed directly to the root zone of the plants.
Pepsee and Micro-tube Irrigation System Components
• Pepsee– PVC Pipe 2 inch– Valve (2 inch)– Filter (optional)– GTO– Jointer– Accessories (include
'L' bow, end cap etc)
• Micro-tube– PVC Pipe 2 inch – Valve (2 inch) – Filter – GTO– Jointer– Accessories
(include 'L' bow,, end cap etc)
Lateral (12 mm) and micro tube, (Rs.3,800/acre)
Pepsee Straw (Rs. 780/acre)
Context
– Rapidly depleting of water table in last two decades
– The recurrence of drought like situation – During summer water is available for very less
time.– Summer crop is very important for farmer– Latent demand for water saving technologies
Only Rich farmer could afford Drip
Micro Tube
Still it was beyond the reach of poor farmers
Pepsee So, there was great need
for same technology at low cost
Rs.20,000/acre
Rs.7,000/acre
4,000/acre
Objectives
• To study the Pepsee system, its history and spreadTo study the Pepsee system, its history and spread
• To make a comparative Technical/Financial study of To make a comparative Technical/Financial study of Pepsee system with Micro-tube/drip and Flood system of Pepsee system with Micro-tube/drip and Flood system of irrigation irrigation
• To study the condition and factor that lead to successful To study the condition and factor that lead to successful adoption of pepsee system.adoption of pepsee system.
• To suggest the social marketing strategy for mass To suggest the social marketing strategy for mass promotion of pepsee system of irrigation.promotion of pepsee system of irrigation.
Methodology
• Farmer Survey • Focus Group Discussion • Interviews with Retailers and Manufacturers • Participatory Rural Appraisal• Farm Management concepts were used to check the
financial viability of Micro-tube and Pepsee system of irrigation
Sampling Plan
• Two Districts were selected purposively on the basis of spread of pepsee
•West Nimar (Madhya Pradesh)•Jalgaon (Maharashtra )
• District was divided into four geographical region•East,West, South and North
• Each region was divided into three segments– Pepsee adopters – Micro-tube/Drip adopters– Non-adopters
Sampling Distribution
Segments West Nimar Jalgaon Total
Pepsee adopters 30 30 60
Micro-tube adopters 30 30 60
Non-adopters 30 30 60
Total 90 90 180
Source of irrigationPepsee adopter Micro tube
adopter Non adopter
W J W J W J
Open well 90 67 60 30 10 15Tube well 10 33.33 37 70 0 0Rain fed 0 0 0 0 77 85Canal 0 0 0 0 14 0
7.40 8.10 7.62 9.60 3.60 5.02
AVERAGE LAND HOLDING
20 15 24.50 22.50 14.60 9.70
YEILD
Adopters and non-adopters ProfileFigures are indicated in percentage
02040
6080
100
Wat
ersa
ving
Elec
trici
tysa
ving
Labo
ursa
ving
Bette
rut
ilisat
ion
Bette
rqu
ality
High
eryi
eld
Less
wee
ds
West Nimar
Jalgon
Advantages
87
63
43 40
53
30
43
0
93
50
30 30
53
103
10
0102030405060708090
100Li
mite
d lif
epe
riod
High
labo
urre
quire
men
tFu
lfilm
ent o
fw
ater
requ
irem
ent
Low
pres
sure
High
wat
erpr
essu
re
Cont
rol t
hefo
llow
Fly
away
Alg
ae
Maikaal
Jalgon
Disadvantages
6.67
36.50
13.33
98.3376.67
0.0010.0020.0030.0040.0050.0060.0070.0080.0090.00
100.00
Energysaving
High Yield LabourSaving
Watersaving
Cheaperthan drip
Reason for purchase of pepsee
51.67% 48.33%
21.67%15.00%
5.00%13.33% 13.33% 10.00%
0.00%10.00%20.00%30.00%40.00%50.00%60.00%
Cos
tly
No
wat
er
Eno
ugh
wat
er
Both
erso
me
Not
eas
ilyav
aila
ble
inth
e m
arke
t La
bour
cons
umin
g
Fly
away
Not
muc
hin
form
atio
n
Reasons for not purchasing
Impact of Pepsee systems
• Cropping pattern – Enable them to take summer crop– Chances for Rabi crops West Nimar Jalgaon
Pepsee adopter Non-adopters Pepsee adopter Non-adopters 30 2 28 4
• Crops – Better quality– Higher Yield – Less prone to pest attack
Impact of pepsee systems on pumpage
• Pepsee used only before monsoon
Methods of irrigation
Numbers of irrigation
Hours of irrigation/acre
Total
Pepsee system
18 0.42Hrs 7.5Hrs
Flood system 3 5 15Hrs
• Total notional savings of 7.5 Hrs/acre, before monsoon (50%)
Impact of pepsee systems on area under cultivation
Average incremental area under cultivation due to adoption of pepsee is 2.2 acre
Impact of pepsee systems on water level
Adoption of pepsee system do not save water but it leads to efficient utilization of water
However if farmers start using pepsee after rain, then there will be water saving
Cost of Micro-tube
Items Unit Rate/Unit Qty Require ValueLateral 12mm Mtr 1.70 1,750.00 2,975.00Micro Tube 03mm Mtr 0.30 2,750.00 825.00Filter No 1,200.00 1.00 1,200.00Valve 2inch No 200.00 2.00 400.00GTO No 1.50 50.00 75.00Jointer No 0.75 25.00 18.75PVC Pipe 2inch No 160.00 10.00 1,600.00Accessories (include 'L' bow, salution,FTA,MTA, end cap etc) No 350.00cost of installation Man days 40.00 3.00 120.00
7,563.75
Cost of Pepsee
Items Unit Rate/Unit Qty Require ValueLateral (pepsee 16mm) kg 65.00 12.00 780.00Filter No 1,200.00 1.00 1,200.00Valve 2inch No 200.00 2.00 400.00GTO No 1.50 100.00 150.00Jointer No 0.75 15.00 11.25PVC Pipe 2inch No 160.00 10.00 1,600.00Accessories (include 'L' bow, thread, end cap etc) No 150.00Cost of installation Man days 40.00 4.00 160.00Total 4,451.25Total after deducting cost of filter 3,112.50
Financial Analysis
IRR (%) NPV (RS.) BCR PBPCost A,B,C A,B,C A,B,C A,B,CPepsee 42,35,18 5760, 4390,1107 1.51, 1.41, 1.10 2.36-3
Micro-tube
40,39,28 9057, 8791,4982 1.82, 1.80, 1.43 2.16-3
•Both Micro-tube and Pepsee is financially feasible •Micro tube is financially sounds better than pepsee
Financial Indicators of PIS and MIS
Financial analysis
• why the farmers still adopt pepsee irrigation system when they have choice of micro-tube which technically and financially better than pepsee
• why micro-tube inspite of the technical and financial feasibility, its large scale and fast adoption is not so encouraging in India
Most Prominent Reasons Drip-irrigated area is not more than one
percent.– High initial investment – less access to basic finance– Lack of information
Dhawan B D, Drip irrigation, Economic and Political weekly, October, 1999
Supply chain of pepsee
PLASTIC WHOLESALER / RETAILER AGRI IMPLEMENTWHOLESALER
PLASTIC MANUFACTURER
AGRI IMPLEMENT RETAILER
FARMER
STRENGTH WEAKNESS
•Low cost
•Low initial investment
•Risk spread over number of years
•Skill requirement is less
•Shifting to micro tube and drip is
technically feasible
•Less transportation and storage
problem
•Limited life period & delicate
•High labour requirement
•High replacement cost of pepsee
•Cannot withstand high pressure of
flow of water
•Unequal distribution of water
OPPORTUNITY •Scope for improvement
•Latent demand for water saving
•Involvement of agencies for
replication / spreading
•Manufacturing process is
available everywhere
•Changes in system of electricity
billing
THREAT •Non standardization in product
•Non performance of early
adopters
•Decreasing price of micro tube
and drip
•Environmental problems with
polythene
•Easy and soft availability of
finance
IDE’s PEPSEE- “EASY DRIP”
• Involved in pepsee for last one year – trying to create a brand
• Mainly involved in creating linkages • Making standardized product of 125
micron thickness – Black Pepsee (LLDPE)• Coming up with combination of micro
tube with pepsee which is more effective • Focus is on vegetables and spreading
into other parts in Maharashtra
Suggestions for IDE • Price is the USP of pepsee and attempt to
increase the price will seriously affect the adoption
• The standardization of product is very important • IDE focus should be to create volume • Preservation of technology with a focus on
product development• A warranty of pepsee for one crop season during
the first year of introduction• Field demonstration is a necessity for replicating
it new places• Early adopters should be progressive farmer but
from targeted segment• System should be supplied through agricultural
implements shop
How we are looking at Pepsee
Pepsee is catering to a segment which cannot afford micro tube and drip irrigation, and to the farmers who are aware but not convinced about the potential benefits of micro/drip irrigation.
How we are looking at Pepsee Pepsi system in itself is not a complete substitute for drip / micro tube irrigation, as when the economic condition of farmers improves, he will shift to micro-tube, then to drip, so it could be used as stepping stone and a tool to promote more efficient drip irrigation technologies at large scale in long-run