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Dr. Ibrahim Alhejjiد. إبراھیم بن محمد الحجى

S M A R T T E C H N O L O G Y F O R Y O U

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INDEX

Introduction 3

4

6

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Chapter 1 – Textile Recycling

Chapter 2 – Cotton Recycling

Chapter 3- Recycling Ideas For Cloths

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Introduction

Textile recycling is the method of reusing or reprocessing used clothing, fi-brous material and clothing scraps from the manufacturing process. Textiles in municipal solid waste are found mainly in discarded clothing, although other sources include furniture, carpets, tires, footwear, and nondurable goods such as sheets and towels.

It’s very important to use our resources wisely so we will discuss the Tex-tile recycling industry in this book and we will provide you with some ideas about them

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Chapter 1 – Textile Recycling

What Is Textile Recycling?Textile recycling is the process by which old clothing and other textiles are recovered for reuse or material recovery. It is the basis for the textile re-cycling industry. In the United States, this group is represented by SMART, the Association of Wiping Materials, Used Clothing and Fiber Industries. The necessary steps in the textile recycling process involve the donation, collec-tion, sorting and processing of textiles, and then subsequent transportation to end users of used garments, rags or other recovered materials.

The basis for the growing textile recycling industry is, of course, the textile industry itself. The textile industry has evolved into a $1 trillion industry globally, comprising clothing, as well as furniture and mattress material, lin-ens, draperies, cleaning materials, leisure equipment and many other items.

The Urgency to Recycle TextilesThe importance of recycling textiles is increasingly being recognized. Over 80 billion garments are produced annually, worldwide. In 2010, about 5% of the U.S. municipal waste stream was textile scrap, totaling 13.1 million tons. The recovery rate for textiles is still only 15%. As such, textile recycling is a significant challenge to be addressed as we strive to move closer to a zero landfill society.

Once in landfills, natural fibers can take hundreds of years to decompose. They may release methane and CO2 gas into the atmosphere. Additionally, synthetic textiles are designed not to decompose.

In the landfill, they may release toxic substances into groundwater and sur-rounding soil.

Textile recycling offers the following environmental benefits:• Decreases landfill space requirements, bearing in mind that synthetic fiber products do not decompose and that natural fibers may release greenhouse gasses• Avoided use of virgin fibers• Reduced consumption of energy and water• Pollution avoidance• Lessened demand for dyes.

Sources of Textiles for RecyclingTextiles for recycling are generated from two primary sources. These sourc-es include:1. Post-consumer, including garments, vehicle upholstery, household items and others.2. Pre-consumer, including scrap created as a by-product from yarn and fab-ric manufacture, as well as the post-industrial scrap textiles from other in-dustries.

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The donation of old garments is supported by non-profit as well as many corporate programs, including those of Nike and Patagonia.

Wearable and Reused TextilesAccording to a U.K. industry source, about 50% of collected textiles are re-used, and about 50% are recycled. About 61 percent of recovered wearable clothes are exported to other countries. In some African countries, as many as 80% of people wear used clothing. The issue of sending used clothing to Africa has generated some degree of controversy as to the benefits of such initiatives, where it can have an adverse impact on local textile industries, native dress, and local waste generation.

In Canada, an estimated 10% of charitable contributions are sold by thrift stores, with another 90% of donated fabrics going to textile recyclers.Approximately 35% of donated clothing is made into industrial rags.

The Recycling Process For textiles to be recycled, there are fundamental differences between nat-ural and synthetic fibers. For natural textiles:• The incoming unwearable material is sorted by type of material and color. Color sorting results in fabric that does not need to be re-dyed. The color sorting means no re-dying is required, saving energy and avoiding pollut-ants.• Textiles are then pulled into fibers or shredded, sometimes introducing other fibers into the yarn. Materials are shredded or pulled into fibers. De-pending on the end use of the yarn, other fibers may be incorporated.• The yarn is then cleaned and mixed through a carding process• Then the yarn is re-spun and ready for subsequent use in weaving or knit-ting. • Some fibers are not spun into yards, however. Some are compressed for textile filling such as in mattresses.

In the case of polyester-based textiles, garments are shredded and then gran-ulated, and processed into polyester chips. These are subsequently melted and used to create new fibers for use in new polyester fabrics.

As society becomes more familiar with the hazards associated with sending old textiles to the landfill, and the demand and the supply of recycled textiles continue to develop, it can be anticipated that the textile recycling industry will continue to grow. At the same time, watch for trend such as slow fashion to draw continued attention to the interplay of clothing and sustainability.

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Chapter 2 – Cotton Recycling

Cotton recycling prevents unneeded wastage and can be a more sustaina-ble alternative to disposal. Recycled cotton may come from older, previously used garments or by textile leftovers which are then spun into new yarns and fabrics. There are some notable limitations of recycled cotton, including sep-aration of materials that are cotton/polyester mix. There may also be limits to durability in using recycled cotton.

ProcessCotton can be recycled from pre-consumer (post-industrial) and post-con-sumer cotton waste. Pre-consumer waste comes from any excess material produced during the production of yarn, fabrics and textile products, e.g. selvage from weaving and fabric from factory cutting rooms. Post-consumer waste comes from discarded textile products, e.g. used apparel and home textiles. During the recycling process, the cotton waste is first sorted by type and color and then processed through stripping machines that first breaks the yarns and fabric into smaller pieces before pulling them apart into fiber. The mix is carded several times in order to clean and mix the fibers before they are spun into new yarns.The resulting staple fiber is of shorter length compared to the original fiber length, meaning it is more difficult to spin. Recycled cotton is therefore often blended with virgin cotton fibers to improve yarn strengths. Commonly, not more than 30% recycled cotton content is used in the finished yarn or fabric.Because waste cotton is often already dyed, re-dyeing may not be necessary. Cotton is an extremely resource-intense crop in terms of water, pesticides and insecticides.This means that using recycled cotton can lead to significant savings of natural resources and reduce pollution from agriculture. Recycling one tonne of cotton can save 765 cubic metres (202,000 US gal) of water.

UsesRecycled cotton is often combined with recycled plastic bottles to make clothing and textiles, creating very sustainable, earth-conscious products. Recycled cotton can also be used in industrial settings as polishing and wip-er cloths and can even be made into new, high-quality paper. When reduced to its fibrous state, cotton can be used for applications like seat stuffing or home and automotive insulation. It is also sold as recycled cotton yarn for consumers to create their own items. Additionally, cotton waste can be made into a stronger, more durable paper than traditional wood-pulp based paper, which may contain high concentration of acids. Cotton paper is often used for important documents and also for bank notes since it does not wear off as easily. Cotton waste can also be used to grow mushrooms (particularly the indoor cultivation of Volvariella volvacea otherwise known as Straw Mush-rooms).Even though recycling cotton cuts down on the harsh process of creating brand new cotton products, it is a natural fiber and is biodegradable, so any cotton fibers that cannot be recycled or used further can be composted and will not take up space in landfills

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Old clothing often just sits in your dresser drawers or in your closet, taking up the space you could be using for clothing you actually wear. You might think of tossing it out or giving it away, but how often do you really have the motivation?

Bagging up clothes isn’t a particularly fun activity, after all. But making crafts is, and there are plenty of crafts you can create from old clothing. You can dress up your old clothes with cool alterations, create accessories, quilts, art-work, or transform one piece of clothing into another. There are plenty of mind-blowing ways to repurpose old clothing. Read on for ideas.

Chapter 3- Recycling Ideas For Cloths

T-Shirt Produce Bag

T-shirt Cutting and Weaving

Use old t-shirts to create colorful and eye-catching

produce bags.

Do some cutting and weav-ing to turn a boring t-shirt

into a fashionable top.

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Clothes into Hair Posies

Jean Quilt

Old T-shirt Scarf

Use the fabric from old clothing to make cute flow-

er accents for your hair.

Use old jeans and flannel to make an awesome quilt.

Use interesting t-shirts to create an eye-catching scarf

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Baby Clothes Creatures

DIY Draft Stopper

T-shirt Quilt

Cardigan from a Sweater

Use old baby clothes to make adorable stuffies.

Use parts of old jeans to stop those under-the-door

drafts

Have a lot of old T-shirts you don’t know what to do

with? Make them into a quilt!

Or make that old sweater into a cardigan!

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T-shirt Scarf

Baby Sleeping Bag from Pillowcase

Repurposed T-shirt Pillowcase Romper

Make fashionable scarfs out of t-shirts!

An infant sleeping bag can also be created from a pillowcase

If you don’t like the rope look to your scarves, try this

t-shirt scarf alternative.

A toddler’s romper can be made from an old

pillowcase.

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Hot/Cold Bags T-shirt to Artwork

T-shirt Pillow

Candy Wrapper Pouch

Use the fabric from your old clothing to create hot/cold

bags.

Create framed artwork from a old t-shirt

Use old t-shirts to make a colorful pillow.

Use old candy wrappers to make a cool zipper pouch!

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Jean and Fabric Purse

Jazzed up Striped Shirt

Plain Shirt to Ruffled Nightgowns from Pillowcases

The top of an old pair of jeans plus some colorful fabric can create an

awesome purse.

Put some pizzazz in an referee style shirt with a few alterations!

Add some ruffles to a dull white shirt to brighten it up

Make toddler nightgowns out of pillowcases.

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DIY Anthro Scarf

Toddler Dress

Create a colorful scarf with an old T-shirt and some fabric markers.

Have a child whose outgrown her onesie? Combine it was an old shirt

to create an awesome new dress!