gvB‡µv GÛ ¯§j G›UvicÖvBR †W‡fjc‡g›U

dvg©t dvg© ej‡Z wewfbœ AvKv‡ii GK LÐ f’wg ev Rjvkq†K (cyKzi, b`x, †jK BZ¨vw`) eySvq hv cÖv_wgKfv‡e Lv`¨ Drcv`b I e¨e¯’vcbv (‡hgb- Lv`¨ km¨, gvQ, Mev`x cï, nuvm- gyiMx BZ¨vw`), Avuk Ges R¡vjvbx Drcv`‡bi Kv‡R RwoZ| GUv Lv`¨ Drcv`‡bi †gŠwjK Dcv`vb|hy³ iv‡óªi K…wl wefvM (USDA) Gi g‡Z dvg© n‡”Q f’wg ev †MvPviYf’wg‡Z †h‡Kvb Kvh©µg †hLvb †_‡K eQ‡i Kgc‡ÿ GK nvRvi Wjvi g~j¨gv‡bi K…wlR cY¨ wewµ nq ev ¯^vfvweK Ae¯’vq mgg~‡j¨i K…wlR cY¨ wewµ Kiv hv‡e|

dvwg©st dvwg©s ej‡Z KZ¸wj Kv‡Ri mgwó‡K eySvq hv DcKiY msMÖn †_‡K ïiæ K‡i Lv`¨ km¨, Mev`x cï, nuvm- gyiMx, gvQ, BZ¨vw` Drcv`b I e¨e¯’vcbv ch©šÍ we¯Í…Z|dvwg©s ej‡Z eySvq: K) Pvl ev Ab¨vb¨ Kv‡R Rwg e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g Lv`¨ km¨, Avuk, MvQcvjv, djgyj Drcv`b;

L) Mev`x cï, nuvm- gyiMx, gvQ BZ¨vw` Drcv`b I e¨e¯’vcbv ev ‡gŠgvwQ cvjb|

dvwg©s wm‡÷gt dvwg©s wm‡÷g ej‡Z dvwg©s e¨emv‡K wdwRK¨vj, ˆRweK I Av_©- mvgvwRK Ae¯’v we‡ePbv K‡i †hŠw³K Dcv‡q mvRv‡bv‡K eySvq| dvwg©s wm‡÷g‡K mve- wm‡÷‡g fvM Kiv hvq|

Bw›U‡MÖ‡UW dvwg©st hLb GKvwaK Pvl c×wZ GKB Lvgvi e¨e¯’vcbvi gva¨‡g GK c×wZi eR©¨ Ab¨ c×wZ‡Z e¨envi K‡i Drcv`‡bi e¨e¯’v MÖnb Kiv nq ZLb Zv‡K Bw›U‡MÖ‡UW dvwg©s ejv nq| Bw›U‡MÖ‡UW dvwg©s aviYvi g~j wfwË n‡jv GK Pvl c×wZi eR©¨ Ab¨ Pvl c×wZ‡Z e¨envi Kiv Ges Kg Li‡P Drcv`b evov‡bv|

e„nr dvwg©s wm‡÷‡g GKvwaK mve- wm‡÷‡gi g‡a¨ m¤^š^q mvab‡K Bw›U‡MÖ‡UW dvwg©s ejv nq| D`vniY ¯^iƒc ejv hvq dm‡ji Dw”Qóvsk Mevw` cïi Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq| Avevi Mevw` cïi DcRvZ †hgb- †Mvei, Pzbv BZ¨vw`) dmj, kvK-meRx Ges gvQ Pv‡l mvi wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq|

mvewm‡÷Ý dvwg©st mvewm‡÷Ý dvwg©s ej‡Z eySvq K…lK hLb ïaygvÎ Zvi wb‡Ri ev cwiev‡ii Pvwn`v †gUv‡bvi Rb¨ dmj Drcv`b K‡i| G‡ÿ‡Î K…lK †Q‡j- †g‡q‡`i ‡jLvcovi LiP, †cvlvK cwi”Q`, †iv‡Mi wPwKrmvi Rb¨ hLb A‡_©i cÖ‡qvRb nq ZLb wKQz wKQz dmj wewµ K‡i _v‡K| GK K_vq mvewm‡÷Ý dvwg©s Gi g~j jÿ¨ dmj wewµ bq cvwievwiK Lv`¨ Pvwn`v †gUv‡bv|

Kgvwm©qvj dvwg©s/ K…wl e¨emvt Kgvwm©qvj dvwg©s/ K…wl e¨emv ej‡Z eySvq K…lK hLb A_© DcvR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ K…wlR cY¨ Drcv`b I Drcvw`Z cY¨ evRviRvZKiY K‡i _v‡K| G‡ÿ‡Î K…wl Kvh©µg ïaygvÎ Avw_©K jv‡fi Rb¨ cwiPvwjZ n‡q _v‡K|

K…wl e¨emvt dvwg©s hLb eo ai‡Yi e¨emvwqK Kvh©µg wnmv‡e cwiPvwjZ

nq †hLv‡b K…wlR cY¨ Drcv`b, cÖ‡mwms I weZiY Ges K…wlR hš¿cvwZ ˆZwi I mieivn BZ¨vw` Kvh©µg AšÍf©y³ _v‡K ZLb Zv‡K K…wl e¨emv ejv nq| GKwU e¨emv Pvjy Ki‡Z ev Pvwj‡q †h‡Z wb¤œwjwLZ welq¸‡jv‡K we‡ePbv Kiv cÖ‡qvRbt

DcKiY Acv‡ikbvj Kvh©µg gv‡K©wUs Kvh©µg e¨emvi Dc‡hvMx cwi‡ek BZ¨vw`|

dvwg©s e¨emvt Farming as a business n‡jv GKwU aviYv hv ÿy`ª K…lK‡`i Rxeb avi‡Yi Rb¨ cwiPvwjZ K…wl Kvh©µg‡K jv‡fi D‡Ï‡k¨ cwiPvwjZ K…wl Kvh©µg wnmv‡e cwiMwbZ Kivi Rb¨ Zv‡`i Ávb- `ÿZv Ges mÿgZv e„w× K‡i Ges †Kvb †Kvb †ÿ‡Î Zv‡`i dvwg©s Kvh©µ‡g ˆewPÎZv Avbvq‡b mnvqZv K‡i| mnR K_vq dvwg©s Kvh©µg‡K e¨emvwqK D‡Ï‡k¨ cwiPvwjZ Kivi aviYvUv‡KB ejv nq Farming as a business |Farming as a business aviYvwU ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb K…lK, ¯’vbxq K…wl `ßi Ges cÖvB‡fU †m±‡ii g‡a¨ Kvh©Kix m¤úK©| G‡ÿ‡Î PROSHAR cÖMÖvg Gi g~j f’wgKv n‡e Dc‡iv³ G±i‡`i g‡a¨ we`¨gvb m¤úK© kw³kvjx Kiv Ges K…lK‡`i mÿgZv e„w× Kiv, Zv‡`i e¨emv Dbœq‡bi †mev, evRvi m¤úwK©Z Z_¨, cÖwkÿY Ges Avw_©K †mev cÖvw߇Z mnvqZv cÖ`vb Kiv|

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dvwg©s Kvh©µg‡K e¨emvq iƒcvšÍitAvgv‡`i †`‡ki AwaKvsk K…lK dvwg©s Kvh©µg‡K Rxeb avi‡Yi MZvbyMwZK cÖ_v wnmv‡e we‡ePbv K‡i| dvwg©s Kvh©µ‡g MZvbyMwZK avivi Kvi‡Y Avgv‡`i †`‡ki K…lK mgv‡R Lv‡`¨i Afve e¨vcKfv‡e cwijwÿZ nq| ZvB dvwg©s Kvh©µg‡K Ab¨vb¨ e¨emvi g‡Zv A_© DcvR©‡bi gva¨g wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| G‡ÿ‡Î wb¤œwjwLZ avc¸‡jv dvwg©s Kvh©µg‡K e¨emv wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Ki‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡et

Major steps in preparing for farming as a business

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e¨emvi wfkb Ges Kvh© †KŠkj wVK Kiv (¯^í cuywRi Drcv`K/ mieivnKvix, †`kxq cY¨, D”P g~‡j¨i cY¨, jvBf÷K, gvV dmj)

e¨emvi Rb¨ mwVK evRvi wPwýZ I c”Q›` Kiv m¤ú` hvPvB Ges Gi m¤¢ve¨Zv hvPvB (Rwg, kÖwgK, A_©, †UK‡bvjwR) cvU©mvikxc Ges †hvMm~Î ¯’vcb Kg© cwiKíbv ˆZwi

AvBwRG (Avq ea©bgyjK Kvh©µg) t

AvBwRG ej‡Z wKQz Kvh©µg‡K eySvq hv jvf e„w× K‡i| MÖvgxb †jvKRb wewfbœ ai‡bi Abdvg© I bbdvg© Kvh©µ‡gi mv‡_ RwoZ|Drcv`bgyjK m¤ú` I wewb‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g jvf nq, †h jvf mivmwi Drcv`bKvixi Kv‡Q Av‡m |

e¨emvt e¨emv GKwU Kvh©µg hv cY¨/ †mev Drcv`‡bi mv‡_ RwoZ Ges †hLv‡b †mev ev c†Y¨i wewbg‡q A_© DcvwR©Z nq ( †hgb- bbdvg© Kvh©µg; †mev, LyPiv wewµ, cY¨ Drcv`b BZ¨vw`)| e¨emvi g~j K_v n‡jv e¨emvqx KZ©„K A_© wewb‡qv‡M SuywK MÖnY| we‡klÁ‡`i g‡ZÓcÖK…wZ n‡Z cÖvß DcKiY I m¤ú`mg~n AvniY K‡i kªg I hš¿cvwZi mvnv‡h¨ cÖwµqvRvZ Kivi ci †h iƒcvšÍwiZ `ªe¨ cvIqv hvq Zv g~‡j¨i wewbg‡q †fv³vi wbKU †cŠuQv‡bvi Rb¨ cwienY, ¸`vgRvZKiY mKj KvR‡KB e¨emv e‡jÓ|

e¨emvi aiYt gvwjKvbvi wfwˇZ e¨emvi aiYtGKK gvwjKvbv t GKRb gvwjK Øviv G e¨emv cwiPvwjZ nq|Aswk`vix t Aswk`vix Pzw³i gva¨‡g `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK e¨w³ Øviv G ai‡Yi e¨emv cwiPvwjZ nq|

MÖvgxY GjvKvq Pvi ai‡Yi e¨emv we`¨gvb h_v tDrcv`bg~jK t wewµi Rb¨ cY¨ Drcv`b †hgb- mwâ Drcv`b, nuvm- gyiMx cvjb, gvQ Pvl BZ¨vw`cÖwµqvRvZKiY t KuvPv gvj †_‡K PzovšÍ cY¨ Drcv`b †hgb- gywo ˆZwi, njy` I gwi‡Pi ¸ov BZ¨vw`†Kbv-†ePv t GKB cY¨ eo e¨emvqxi KvQ †_‡K wK‡b LyPiv wewµ †hgb- gyw`i †`vKvb, wWg wewµ BZ¨vw`†mev wewµ t MÖvgxY RbM‡Yi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx †mev cÖ`vb †hgb- GjGmwc, DcKiY we‡µZv BZ¨vw`

e¨emvi D‡Ïk¨ te¨emvi D‡Ïk¨ t GKwU Av`k© e¨emvq wb‡Pi PviwU g~j D‡Ïk¨ _vKv DwPr| K) wU‡K _vKv t e¨emv‡K Aek¨B wU‡K _vK‡Z n‡e, Ab¨_vq Gi Ab¨vb¨ D‡Ïk¨ AR©b e¨nZ n‡e| L) mg„w× t e¨emv KLbB GKfv‡e Pj‡Z cv‡ibv| nq Gi cÖmvi N‡U bZzev msKzwPZ nq|

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M) gybvdv AR©b Kiv t wU‡K †_‡K fwel¨Z mg„w× AR©b wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡j e¨emv †_‡K Aek¨B gybvdv AR©b Ki‡Z n‡e| N) mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡ m¤úv`b t Kg©ms¯’v‡bi my‡hvM m„wó, †`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡Z Ae`vb ivLv Ges wbivc` cwi‡ek ˆZix‡Z e¨emv f‚wgKv iv‡L|

e¨w³MZ t gybvdv AR©b RxweKv AR©b g~jab I m¤ú` e„w× Rxebgv‡bi Dbœqb mvgvwRK gh©v`v e„w×

mvgvwRK t †µZvi fwel¨r Pvwn`v, iæwP I cQ›` Abyhvqx cY¨ ˆZix I mieivn Ges †mevi

†hvMvb Kg© ms¯’vb m¤ú` e„w×i gva¨‡g mgvR MVbg~jK Kv‡R Ask †bqv `¶Zvi Dbœqb RvZxq t RvZxq m¤ú‡`i DËg e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK wfwË gReyZ Kiv RvZxq Avq Drcv`b I Avq evov‡bv `vwi`ªZv `~ixKiY ‡eKvi mgm¨v `~ixKiY miKv‡ii ivR¯^ e„w×

e¨emv‡qi ˆewkó¨ t

1. DØ„Ë m¤ú` m„wó t cÖZ¨¶ I c‡iv¶ Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g e¨emvq DØ„Ë m¤ú` m„wó K‡i hv gvby‡li wewfbœg~Lx Afve c~i‡Y mvnvh¨ K‡i|

2. AvBbMZ ˆeaZv t e¨emv‡K Aek¨B AvBbMZfv‡e ˆea n‡Z nq| 3. gybvdv jv‡fi cÖZ¨kv t e¨emv‡qi cÖ_g I cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv gybdv AR©b

hvi AvkvqB gvbyl SzuwK MªnY K‡i|4. cyuwRi ms¯’vb t cÖ‡qvRbxq b~¨bZg cyuwRi ms¯’vb Qvov e¨emv

cwiPvjbv Kiv m¤¢e bq| e¨emvqx wbR¯^ Drm Qvov I cÖ‡qvR‡b wewfbœ Drm †_‡K cyuwRi ms¯’vb Ki‡Z cv‡i|

5. ‡jb‡`b t e¨emv n‡Z n‡j Aek¨B GKvwaKevi µq-weµq I †jb‡`b n‡e| Afv‡e c‡o wbR¯^^ Miæ weµq Ki‡j ev GKevi wK‡b Zv cQ›` bv nIqv‡Z weµq K‡i w`‡j Zv‡K e¨emv e‡j bv| Z‡e †KD hw` gybvdv AR©‡bi Avkvq evievi Miæ †K‡b I Zv wewµ K‡i Zvn‡j Zv e¨emv e‡j MY¨ nq|

6. SuywK I AwbðqZv t GKRb e¨emvqx‡K gybvdvi Avkvq A_©MZ, mgqMZ, bxwZgvjvMZ, ¯’vbMZ Ges cÖK…wZMZ bvbvb SzuwK MªnY Ki‡Z nq | GB SzuwK I AwbðqZvi cyi¯‹vi wnmv‡eB GKRb e¨emvqx gybvdv jvf K‡i|

7. weµ‡qi B”Qv t wb‡R †fv‡Mi D‡Ï‡k¨ bq eis †µZvi Kv‡Q weµ‡qi B”Qv‡Z Drcv`b Kiv e¨emv‡qi GKUv cÖavb ˆewkó¨|

8. Avw_©K g~j¨ wba©viY t †h †Kvb cY¨ µq-weµ‡qi †¶‡Î Avw_©K g~j¨ wba©viY Ki‡Z nq|

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9. K‡g©i ¯^vaxbZv t e¨emv GKwU ¯^vaxb †ckv | GLv‡b e¨emvqx Zvi ˆea e¨emv‡qi Rb¨ Kv‡iv wbqš¿Y gvb‡Z eva¨ bq|

10. cvi¯úwiK myweav t e¨emvq †µZv I we‡µZv Df‡qi myweav ˆZix K‡i| GKRb Av‡iKR‡bi wbKU †_‡K DcK…Z I jvfevb nq|

11. c~e©vbygvb t fwel¨‡Z c‡Y¨i Pvwn`v, g~j¨ I wewfbœ Ae¯’v c~e© †_‡K Abygvb K‡i cY¨ Drcv`b ev msMÖn Ki‡Z nq| GB Abygvb mwVK bv n‡j e¨emvqx mgm¨vq c‡o|

12. cwieZ©bkxjZv t e¨emvqx†K me mgq cwieZ©bkxj Ae¯’vi mv‡_ Lvc LvB‡q Pj‡Z nq | †µZvi fwel¨r Pvwn`v, iæwP I cQ›` wbiƒcY K‡i e¨emv‡q cÖ‡qvRbxq cwieZ©b Avb‡Z nq|

13. ‡mevi g‡bvfve t b¨vh¨g~‡j¨ I myweavRbK k‡Z© †µZvi cQ›` Abyhvqx cY¨ mieivn KivB e¨emv‡qi ˆewkó| ZvB AvZ¥‡Kw›`ªK bv n‡q e¨emvqx‡K ‡mevi g‡bvfve wb‡q e¨emv cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z nq|

e¨emvi †ÿ‡Î we‡eP¨ welqmgyn t1. Drcv`b cwiKíbv ˆZix Kiv2. cwiKíbv Abyhvqx Drcv`b DcKiY msMÖn Ges µq-weµq Kiv3. A_© ms¯’vb Kiv4. Drcv`b Kiv5. evRvi m¤ú‡K© †LuvR Lei ‡bIqv6. msMÖ‡nvËi e¨e¯’vcbv 7. cwienb 8. cY¨ gRyZKiY9. cY¨ weµq Kiv10. wnmvei¶Y11. cÖPvi12. evRvi M‡elYv13. Kg©x msµvšÍ KvR (Kg©x wb‡qvM, cÖwk¶Y BZ¨vw`)

D‡`¨vM (Enterprise)t D‡`¨vM n‡jv GKwU KvR ev wkí hvnv evRv‡ii Pvwn`v Abyhvqx cY¨ ev †mev mg~n Drcv`b I wecYb Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ| D‡`¨vM‡K `yB fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq h_vt

K…wl m¤úwK©ZtLvgvi- evwYwR¨K ÿz`ª K…l‡Ki Drcv`b †hgb- ÿz`ª †mP h¯¿ Øviv meRx Drcv`b, wbweofv‡e grm¨ Pvl/ grm¨ Lvgvi, BZ¨vw`|ALvgvi- DcKiY I c‡Y¨i ewni evRvi †hgb- K…wl DcKiY mieivnKvix, meRx we‡µZv (LyPiv I cvBKvix), BZ¨vw`|

AK…wl m¤úwK©Zt - †fvR¨ `ªe¨vw`t Lv`¨ cÖwµqvKiY, avb fv½v, gywo fvRv BZ¨vw`- n¯Íwkít euvk/ †eZ Øviv AvmevecÎ ˆZwi, bKkx Kuv_v ˆKwi,

BZ¨vw`- ‡mev †K›`ªt Pv‡qi †`vKvb, †mjyb, A‡Uv- †gvevBj, mvB‡Kj/ wi·v/

†gvUi mvB‡Kj †gKvi, wd«R †gKvi, Ry‡qjvix BZ¨vw`

D‡`¨v³v (Entrepreneur)t D‡`¨v³v n‡jv GKRb e¨vw³, whwb GKwU bZzb e¨emv ïiæ

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K‡i bZzb cY¨ ev eZ©gvb cY¨ bZzb evRv‡i ev eZgv©b evRv‡i mieivn K‡ib|

D‡`¨v³v GKRb e¨w³ whwb mwVK e¨e¯’vcbvq evwYwR¨Kfv‡e e¨emvi SzuwK MÖnY K‡ib| GKRb D‡`¨v³v AwaK cY¨ Drcv`b I Av‡qi Rb¨ AbybœZ GjvKv n‡Z DbœZ GjvKvq A_© I m¤ú` wewb‡qvM K‡i _v‡Kb| D‡`¨v³v `yB ai‡Yi h_vt

e¨emvqx D‡`¨v³vt GKRb D‡`¨v³v hvi cÖavbZg jÿ¨ _v‡K jvf Kiv I e¨emvi cÖmvi NUv‡bv (jvfRbK cÖwZôvb)| †hgb- e¨emvwqK Lvgvi, wkí KviLvbv, AvBb e¨emv BZ¨vw`|mvgvwRK D‡`¨v³vt GKRb D‡`¨v³v whwb †Kvb GKwU †Mvôx ev mgv‡Ri Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ A jvfRbK †Kvb e¨emv cwiPvjbv K‡ib| †hgb- AvšÍR©vwZK ms¯’v, `vZe¨ cÖwZôvb BZ¨vw`|

g¨v‡bR‡g›U wm‡÷gm B›Uvib¨vkbvj g¨vKevi bvgK GKwU `j wek¦e¨vcx GK e¨cK M‡elbvq Rvb‡Z †c‡i‡Q †h †gvU `kwU cÖavb ˆewkó¨ †Kvb e¨w³‡K mdj D‡`¨v³v n‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| wb‡gœœ Zvi eb©bv Kiv njt-

GKRb mdj D‡Ï¨³vi mdjZvi †hvM¨Zvmgyn t 1. my‡hvM mÜvbx t e¨emv msµvšÍ bZzb bZzb my‡hvM †`Lv

Ges G¸‡jvi Dci KvR Kiv| 2. Aa¨evmvqx t †Kvb evav‡K `~i Ki‡Z Aweivg wewfbœ cš’v

Aej¤^b Kiv Ges we‡ivwaZv ev cÖv_wgK e¨_©Zv m‡Ë¡I wb‡Ri wm×v‡šÍ AUj _vKv|

3. Kg©Pzw³i cÖwZ cÖwZkÖæwZe× t kªwgK‡`i mv‡_ Kv‡R †j‡M _vKv Ges Zv‡`i gva¨‡g KvR¸‡jv Kwi‡q †bqv hv‡Z MÖvnKMY me©`v mš‘ó _v‡Kb|

4. ¸bMZgvb eRvq ivL‡Z m¶g t Ggbfv‡e KvR Ki‡Z n‡e †h cÖPwjZ DrKl© gvb‡K nvi gvbvq ev AZxZ Kg©mg~‡ni †_‡K DbœZi gv‡bi nq|

5. SzwK MÖn‡Y mÿg t D‡`¨³vi wb‡Ri gZ Abyhvqx mnbxq SzwK MÖnY Kiv|

6. Z_¨bymÜvb Kvix t e¨w³MZfv‡e MÖvnK, mieivnKix I cÖwZ‡hvMx m¤ú‡K© Z_¨vbymÜvb Kiv Ges Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq †hvMv‡hvM I Z_¨ Kvh©µg¸‡jv‡K Kv‡R jvMvb|

7. j¶¨ wba©vi‡b mÿg t ¯úófv‡e wbw`©ó ¯^í‡gqv`x I `xN©‡gqv`x jÿ¨ wba©vib Kiv|

8. c×wZMZ cwiKíbv I mRvM `„wói AwaKvix t j¶¨mg~‡n †cuŠQv‡bvi Rb¨ hyw³hy³ cwiKíbv ˆZix K‡i †m¸‡jv Kv‡R jvMv‡bv Ges g~j cwiKíbvi cvkvcvwk weKí cwiKíbv¸‡jv g~j¨vqb Kiv|

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9. DØy×KiY ‡hvM¨Zv m¤úbœ t cÖKí ewnf©yZ e¨w³ ev cÖwZôvbmg~n‡K cÖfvevwšÍZ I DØy× Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨e¯’v MÖnY|

10. AvZ¥wek¦vmx t wb‡Ri ¶gZv I hveZxq ¸bvejxi Dci k³ wek¦vm ivLv Ges †Kvb KwVb KvR ev P¨v‡jÄ †gvKvwejv Kivi Rb¨ wb‡Ri ¶gZvi Dci Av¯’v ivLv|

cÖKí ev¯Íevq‡b D‡`¨v³vi f‚wgKv t GjvKv Rwic K‡i c‡b¨i Pvwn`v wbiƒcY| DcKi‡bi mnRjf¨Zv wbiƒcY| A‡_©i †hvMvb| cY¨ Drcv`b cÖhyw³ msMÖn| Drcvw`Z `ª‡e¨i mwVK g~j¨ ev evRvi g~j¨ wbav©iY| wecY‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY wjd‡jU, †cvóvi I wewfbœ

wgwWqv Øviv cÖPvi Kiv| wecY‡bi Rb¨ gv‡K©U Rwic Kiv| mwVK cwiKíbv cÖYqb| Avq e¨q wnmve wbY©q Kiv|

gvB‡µv GÛ ¯§j G›UvicÖvBRt

gvB‡µv GÛ ¯§j G›Uvi cÖvBR gyjZ cwievi KZ©„K PvwjZ e¨emv| mvavibZ Bbdigvj †m±‡i Bnv cwiPvwjZ nq| mvewmm‡UÝ (msmvi cwiPvjbvi MZvbyMwZK) Kvh©µ‡gi evwn‡i 10 Rb ch©š— ÷vd wb‡qvM Kiv n‡q _v‡K, †hLv‡b cwi®‹vi evRvi Iwi‡q‡›Ukb i‡q‡Q| wewfbœ ai‡bi gvB‡µv ¯§j G›UvicÖvBR;

gvB‡µv weR‡bm (cwievi) wbw`©ó c‡b¨i Drcv`b (dmj Drcv`b, n¨vwÛµ¨vdU BZ¨vw`) cÖwµqvRvZKiY G›UvicÖvBR (gmjv, A¯’vqx bvm©vix, `jxq evRviRvZKiY

BZ¨vw`) ‡mev G›UvicÖvBR (A‡b¨vi Kv‡Q †mev wewµ); GjGmwc, GmwcG LyPiv e¨emv

AvBwRG Ges GgGmB - Gi cv_©K¨ t

AvBwRG GgGmB GKKfv‡e cwiPvwjZ e¨emv e¨emv e¨e¯’vcbv KwgwUi

cÖ‡qvRb nq bv Øvqe×Zv bvB m`m¨ msL¨v 1-3 Rb GKK wewb‡qvM wewb‡qvM mxgv wbw`©ó bq evRvi wjs‡KR mn‡hvMxZvi

cÖ‡qvRb nq bv Avq Awba©vwiZ

`jxq fv‡e cwiPvwjZ e¨emv e¨emv e¨e¯’vcbv KwgwU

_vK‡e Øvqe×Zv _vK‡e m`m¨ msL¨v 10 Rb ch©š— GKK ev `jxqfv‡e wewb‡qvM wewb‡qvM 50,000 UvKvi Dc‡i ‡mev`vbKvixi, evRv‡ii m‡½

ms‡hvM ewa©Z Av‡qi mxgv 70 UvKvi 8

Dc‡i

G›UvicÖvB‡Ri ˆewkó¨ wba©vb‡Yi wbqvgKmgyn (gvB‡µv, ¯§j, wgwWqvg)

Kgx©i msL¨v e¨emvq e¨eüZ gyjab jvf e¨e¯’vcbvi aib evRv‡ii mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM

G›UvicÖvB‡Ri wewfbœ K¨vUvMix I ˆewkó¨:‰ewkó¨ gvB‡µv G›UvicÖvBR ¯§j G›UvicÖvBRm`m¨ RwoZ msLv 1-5 Rb 5-10 Rbwewb‡qvM (UvKv) 5,000-50,000 50,000-1,00000gybvdv/e¨w³ (UvKv) 30-70 70-100msMV‡bi aiY cvwievwiK e¨w³MZ, msMwVZgv‡K©U wjs‡KR AbvbyôvwbK AbvbyôvwbK,

AvbyôvwbK

gvB‡µv GÛ ¯§j G›Uvi cÖvBR (evjv‡`k miKvi)G›Uvi cÖvBR GK ai‡bi AM©vbvB‡Rkb †hLv‡b wbw`ó cwigvb UvKv wewb‡qvM K‡i , wbw`ó msL¨K kªwgK LvwU‡q wbw`ó e¨emvi gva¨‡g †µZvi Pvwn`v †gUv‡bv nq|UvKv wewb‡qvM Ges kªwg‡Ki msL¨vi Dci wfwË K‡i G›Uvi cÖvBR ¸‡jv‡K 4 fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq-

K‡UR BÛªvmwóªR t cwievi wfwËK e¨emv |cwiev‡ii m`m¨ Drcv`b †_‡K wewµ ch©vq RwoZ|cwiev‡ii m`m¨ Mb `xN© mgq a‡i e¨emvi mv‡_ RwoZ|

¯§j G›Uvi cÖvBR t G›Uvi cÖvB‡R 50 R‡bi Kg Kgx© i‡q‡Q Ges 10 †KvwU UvKvi †ekx †hLv‡b wewb‡qvM n‡q‡Q|

wgwWqvg G›Uvi cÖvBR t 50 R‡bi †ekx Kg©x i‡q‡Q| 20 †KvwU UvKvi †ekx wewb‡qvM n‡q‡Q

e„nr G›Uvi cÖvBR t 100 R‡bi †ekx Kg©x i‡q‡Q| Ges 30 †KvwU UvKvi †ekx wewb‡qvM n‡q‡Q|

gvB‡µv GÛ ¯§j G›UvicÖvBR (cÖmvi)GgGmB ej‡Z eySvq †Kvb GjvKvi ev m¤cÖ`v‡qi GK`j (10-20 Rb) †jvK‡K hviv GKB e¨emvwqK cwiKíbv Ges bxwZgvjvi Av‡jv‡K GKB ai‡bi cY¨ Drcv`b I wecY‡b RwoZ _v‡K| GKB ai‡bi e¨emvwqK cwiKíbv ej‡Z wK eySvq?wecYbt Pvwn`v Abyhvqx GKB ai‡bi mieiv‡ni Dbœqb Ges evRv‡ii mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM| (†hgb †cvwëª †¶‡Î GKwU `‡ji 30 Rb m`m¨ cÖ‡Z¨‡K ˆ`wbK 300wU wWg wewµi j¶¨ wb‡q RbcÖwZ Kgc‡¶ 10wU K‡i wWg Drcv`b K‡i)

9

Drcv`bt GKB ai‡bi Drcv`b cwiKíbv Ges evRvi I †mevi Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi j‡¶¨ DcKiY mieivnKvix, †mev cÖ`vbKvix‡`i mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM (†hgb-cÖwk¶Y, DcKiY µq BZ¨vw`)|e¨e¯’vcbvt GKwU e¨emvwqK e¨e¯’vcbv KwgwU MVb Kiv (5-7 m`m¨ wewkó), hv e¨emvqx, DcKiY mieivnKvix, †mev cÖ`vbKvix Ges A_©jMœxKvix cÖwZôvbmg~‡ni mv‡_ e¨emv ev D‡`¨v‡Mi c‡¶ KvR K‡i| A_©t GKwU A_©jMœxKvix cÖwZôv‡bi mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq A_© (†hgb- cÖwZwU GgGmB-Gi Rb¨ 1,00000 UvKv) msMÖn K‡i Ges GKB ai‡bi cwi‡kva e¨e¯’v AbymiY K‡i|

bxwZgvjvmg~n wK wK? gvwjKvbv: e¨emv D‡`¨v‡Mi GKK A_ev †hŠ_ gvwjKvbv (AvbyôvwbK `j) gybvdv fvMvfvwM: †hŠ_ gvwjKvbvi †¶‡Î m`m¨‡`i wewb‡qvM Ges

wm×v‡š—i Ici wfwË K‡i gybvdvi e›Ub nq LiP n«vm: GwU n‡”Q DcKiY, †mev I cwienb Lv‡Zi †hŠ_fv‡e µq Kivi gva¨‡g

Drcv`b Ges wecYb LiP n«vm Kiv| (†hgb-Mevw` cïi Lvevi µq, ¸YMZ gvbm¤úbœ Mvfx µq Ges DcKiY mieivnKvixi KvQ †_‡K exR µq)

m¤úK©: cvBKvi/e¨emvqxi, DcKiY mieivnKvix, †mev cÖ`vbKvix Ges A_©jMœxKvix cÖwZôv‡bi mv‡_ Zv‡`i Pvwn`v (†hgb ¸YMZgvY, cwigvY) c~i‡Yi gva¨‡g mgvb mgvb jv‡fi m¤úK©|

gvB‡µv G›UvicÖvBR †W‡fj‡ci D‡Ïk¨ t

1 gvB‡µv ¯§j G›UvicÖvBR c‡b¨i g‡a¨ cÖwZ‡hvMxZv m„wó ‡hgb- gyj¨ wba©vib,gyj¨ ms‡hvRb,c‡b¨i gvb Dbœqb I Drcv`b e„w× ,gybvdv e„w× , e„nr evRv‡i wb‡qvM, †PBb †QvU Kiv|

2 Avq Ges gybvdv e„w× 3 gvB‡µv ¯§j G›UvicÖvB‡Ri DbœZ e¨e¯’vcbv 4 gvB‡µv ¯§j G›UvicÖvBR kw³kvjx Kiv Ges †PB‡bi Dci wbqš¿b Avbvqb,

ms‡hvwRZ gy‡j¨i Ask e„w×5 c‡b¨i Drcv`b e„w× Ges e¨emvwqK Kvh©µg e„w×|

gvB‡µv G›UvicÖvBR †W‡fj‡ci Kvh©‡KŠkj

gvB‡µv Gw›UªwcÖwbDi `j‡K gvB‡µv G›Uvi cÖvBR G DbœZ Kivi Rb¨ bgbxq cÖwµqvq mn‡hvMxZv Kiv nq| cÖ_gZ: `j‡K Zv‡`i eZ©gvb e¨emv‡K hvPvB‡qi gva¨‡g GKwU cwiKíbv ˆZix Ki‡Z ejv nq| wØZxqZ: H mg¯— `j¸wj‡K wbgœwjwLZ 4wU cÖavb †¶‡Î mn‡hvMxZv Kiv nq; †hgb e¨emv e¨e¯’vcbv , D‡bv‡fkb , msMVb Ges cvUbvikxc AvPviY

K. e¨emv cyb: hvPvB Ges ev¯Íevqb cwiKíbv ˆZix t †h me `j wbw`©ó e¨emvi mv‡_ RwoZ Ges `‡ji g‡a¨ Gw›UªwcªwbDimxc g‡bvfve ˆZix n‡q‡Q, Zviv GKwU mnR Uz‡ji gva¨‡g e¨emv cyb: hvPvB Ki‡e wewfbœ Dbœq‡bi †¶Î mbv³ Ki‡e Ges ev¯—evqb cwiKíbv ˆZix Ki‡e| `‡ji †bUIqvK©I GKBfv‡e ev¯—evqb cwiKíbv ˆZix Ki‡e|

10

gvB‡µvw¯Œwbs c×wZ‡Z e¨emv wbe©vPb

¯’vb Kvj cv·f‡` e¨emvi aiY wfbœ wfbœ nq ZvB e¨emv ¶y`ª e¨emv wbe©vP‡bi †¶‡Î e¨emvqx‡K AZ¨š— mZK©Zvi mv‡_ wm×vš— wb‡Z n‡e| G‡¶‡Î gvB‡µvw¯Œwbs c×wZ e¨envi Kiv DËg| G c×wZ‡Z wewfbœ e¨emv we‡ePbv K‡i †mB e¨emvi †¶‡Î ¯’vbxqfv‡e cªvß my‡hvM-myweav mg~n‡K c‡RwUf b¤^i I evav mg~n‡K FbvZ¡K b¤^i cª`vb K‡i wefbœ e¨emvi Rb¨ Zyjbvg~jK †MªwWs Kiv nq| D”P b¤^i cªvß e¨emv mg~‡ni g‡a¨ e¨emv wbe©vPb Kiv nq| Gfv‡e wbe©vwPZ e¨emvi †¶‡Î SyuwKi cwigvY A‡bK Kg _v‡K| wbæ wjwLZ QK e¨envi K‡i e¨emv wbe©vPb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|gvB‡µvw¯Œwbs c×wZ e¨envi K‡i e¨emvi Kvh©µg wbe©vPb

µwgKbs

cªK‡íi bvg

c‡RwUf g~j¨vqb wb‡`©kK (+)‡b‡MwUf g~j¨vqb

wb‡`©kK (-) ‡gvU

†¯‹vi

c‡b¨i Pv

wn`v

KvPv

gv‡ji cªvc¨Zv

weZi‡Yi

myweav

`¶ kªwgK

cªvc¨Zv

cªhyw³i

mnRjf¨Zv

AvbygvwbK

jvf

cªwZ‡hvwM‡`i msL¨v

SywK

1 Mvfx cvjb 5 4 4 5 4 4 4 3 33

2 grm¨ Pvl 5 4 4 5 4 4 2 2 30

3gyw

` †`vKvb

5 4 3 5 3 3 1 1 25

4 kewR Pvl 5 4 4 5 5 4 2 2 31

5 cvLv ˆZix 5 4 3 3 3 2 1 1 22

cª`Ë †¯‹vi (+)t 5- AwZ DËg, 4- AZ¨š— m‡š—vlRbK, 3-m‡š—vlRbK, 2-fvj, 1-Am‡š—vlRbKcª`Ë †¯‹vi (-)t 5- Lye †ekx, 4-‡ekx, 3- †gvUvgywU, 2-Kg, 1-Lye Kg|

L. gvB‡µv ¯§j G›Uvi cÖvBR‡K 4wU cÖavb †¶‡Î mn‡hvMxZv (e¨emv e¨e¯’vcbv , B‡bv‡fkb, msMVb,cvUbvikxc) t GB mg¯— `j BwZ g‡a¨B e¨emv e¨e¯’vcbv, B‡bv‡fkb, msMVb, cvUbvikxc BZ¨vw` †¶‡Î wewfbœ Uzjm e¨envi Ki‡Q| GB mg¯— Uzjm cyb© gyj¨vqb Dbœqb Ges wewbgq Kiv n‡e wewfbœ IqvK©kc, †Uªwbs Ges wfwR‡Ui gva¨‡g|

†Uwej 3 t GgGmB- Gi mdj ev¯Íevq‡b cÖK‡íi mnvqZvi †ÿÎmg~n t

e¨emv cwiPvjbvi avc mnvqZvi †ÿÎ mg~n

11

e¨emvwqK e¨e¯’vcbv evRvi hvPvB G mn‡hvMxZv Kiv evRvi m¤úwK©Z Z_¨ ‡c‡Z G›UviwcÖwbDqvi‡`i

mnvqZv Kiv Drcv`‡bi †ÿ‡Î KvwiMix civgk© I cÖwk‡bi Rb¨

mswkøó `߇ii mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM Kwi‡q †`Iqv e¨emvwqK cwiKíbv ˆZwi‡Z mnvqZv Kiv

msMVb MÖæc †K msMVb wnmv‡e AvZœcÖKv‡k mnvqZv Kiv

B‡bv‡fkb bZzb cÖhyw³i AbymÜvb Kiv I m`m¨‡`i mv‡_ †m¸wji cwiPq NUv‡bv

`ÿZvi DbœqbcvU©bvikxc cÖvB‡fU I cvewjK †m±‡ii mv‡_ AvbyôvwbK

m¤úK© ˆZix‡Z mnvqZv Kiv

GgGmB ev¯Íevq‡bi avcmgyn tmvaviYZ: `wi`ª Ges AwZ- `wi`ªiv e¨emv cwiPvjbvi †ÿ‡Î †Kvb ai‡Yi SuywK wb‡Z Pvq bv| Zv‡`i m¤ú` I Ae¯’v Ggb †h, Zviv ÿwZ KvwU‡q DV‡Z h‡_ó mvg_©¨ bq| hw` Zviv e¨emvq ÿwZi m¤§yLxb Z‡e Zv‡`I cuywRI nvwi‡q hvq| G‡Z Zv‡`i AvZœ- wbf©kxjZv nvwi‡q hvq| Avevi `wi`ª Ges AwZ- `wi`ªiv KZ¸‡jv evwn¨K mnvqZvi (cÖK‡íi) Dci wbf©ikxj| hLb Zviv evwn¨K mnvqZvq †Kvb cÖKí ev¯Íevqb Ki‡Z wM‡q e¨_© nq, ZLb Zviv evB‡ii †jv‡Ki Dci wek¦vm nvwi‡q †d‡j| myZivs `wi`ª Ges AwZ - `wi`ª‡`i GgGmB ev¯Íevqb Ki‡Z wM‡q †ek mZK©Zv Aej¤^b Ki‡Z n‡e|

GgGmB - Gi ev¯Íevqb mdj ev e¨_© nIqvi KviYmg~n AskMÖnYKvix‡`i mwVKfv‡e ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡Z n‡e| GRb¨ Zv‡`i†K e¨emv cwiPvjbvi avcmg~n m¤ú‡K© fvj fv‡e Rvb‡Z n‡e|

e¨emv cwiPvjbvi avcmg~n t GgGmB - Gi Dbœq‡b PviwU av‡c m¤úbœ nq| h_vt

my‡hvM AbymÜvb e¨emvi cwiKíbv ˆZwi t Drcv`b, evRviRvZKiY, A_© I msMVb cwiKíbv ev¯Íevqb t Drcv`b, evRviRvZKiY, A_© I msMVb g~j¨vqb

hLb GKwU GgGmB - †Z e¨emv cwiPvjbvi 04 wU avc m¤úbœ nq ZLb wbgœwjwLZ wZbwU wel‡q wm×všÍ MÖnY Ki‡Z nq -

bZzb e¨emv ïiæ Kiv (A)eZ©gvb e¨emv Pvwj‡q hvIqv (B)Pjgvb e¨emv eÜ K‡i †`Iqv (C)

GgGmB mdj ev e¨_© nIqvi Dci cÖfve we¯ÍviKvix d¨v±img~n t

12

K) Avf¨šÍixb KviYmg~n t Avf¨šÍixb KviY n‡jv HMy‡jv †h¸‡jv D‡`¨v³vi wbqš¿bvaxb i‡q‡Q †hgb- Ávb, `ÿZv, g‡bvfve Ges m¤ú`| hw` Gmg¯Í KviY e¨emvi mdj ev¯Íevq‡b mnvqZv K‡i ZLb †m¸‡jv‡K Ò mej w`K ev abvZœK Avf¨šÍixb KviYÓ ejv nq| Avevi G¸‡jv hLb e¨emvi mdj ev¯Íevq‡b evavi m„wó K‡i ZLb †m¸‡jv‡K Ò `ye©jZv ev FYvZœK Avf¨šÍixb KviYÓ ejv nq|

L) evwn¨K KviYmg~n t evwn¨K KviY n‡jv HMy‡jv †h¸‡jv D‡`¨v³vi wbqš¿bvaxb bq †hgb- evRvi e¨e¯’v/ Ae¯’v, KwgDwbwU m`m¨‡`i Avw_©K Ae¯’v, AvenvIqv BZ¨vw`| hw` Gmg¯Í KviY e¨emvi mdj ev¯Íevq‡b mnvqZv K‡i ZLb †m¸‡jv‡K Ò my‡hvM ev abvZœK evwn¨K KviYÓ ejv nq| Avevi G¸‡jv hLb e¨emvi mdj ev¯Íevq‡b evavi m„wó K‡i ZLb †m¸‡jv‡K Ò evav ev FYvZœK evwn¨K KviYÓ ejv nq|

GgGmB mdj ev e¨_© nIqvi Dci cÖfve we¯ÍviKvix d¨v±img~n wePvi we‡kølY Kivi ci wbgœwjwLZ wm×všÍ MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e -

evwn¨K KviY (evav) ¸‡jv‡K Gwo‡q Pj‡Z n‡e ev mgvav‡bi e¨e¯’v MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e

evwn¨K KviY (my‡hvM) ¸‡jv‡K GgGmB-i mdj ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ Kv‡R jvMv‡Z n‡e

Avf¨šÍixb KviY (`ye©jZv) ¸‡jv‡K Dbœqb Ki‡Z n‡e Avf¨šÍixb KviY (mej w`K) ¸‡jv‡K GgGmB-i mdj ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ cuywR

wnmv‡e e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e

†Uwej 4 t GgGmB mdj ev e¨_© nIqvi Dci cÖfve we¯ÍviKvix d¨v±img~n t

e¨emv cwiPvjbvi avc

Avf¨šÍixb KviYmg~n evwn¨K KviYmg~n

abvZœK (mej w`K)

FYvZœK (`ye©jZv)

abvZœK (my‡hvM)

FYvZœK (euvav)

e¨emvi cwiKíbv ˆZwievRviRvZKiYDrcv`b

A_©

msMVb

cwiKíbv ev¯Íevqb evRviRvZKiYDrcv`b

A_©

13

msMVb

GgGmB ev¯Íevq‡b G›UviwcÖwbDqvi Gi Rb¨ KwZcq mvaviY `ye©jZv I evav t

e¨emv cwiPvjbvi avc

Avf¨šÍixb KviYmg~n evwn¨K KviYmg~n

abvZœK (mej w`K)

FYvZœK (`ye©jZv)

abvZœK (my‡hvM)

FYvZœK (euvav)

e¨emvi cwiKíbv ˆZwievRviRvZKiY

evRv‡i wb‡q wewµi Af¨vm Av‡Q|e¨emvwq m„wói my‡hvM Av‡Q

evRvi m¤úwK©Z Z_¨ bv _vKvi Kvi‡Y evRv‡ii myweav mg~n AbymÜvb Kiv hvq bv

KvQvKvwQ evRvi Av‡QGjvKvq e¨emvwq Av‡Q

evRvi m¤úwK©Z Z‡_¨i Afve

Drcv`b Drcv`b Kivi gvbwmKZv Av‡Q

KvwiMix Áv‡bi mxgve×Zv

m¤ú` mnRjf¨

miKvix `ßi †_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq KvwiMix civgk© cvIqv hvq bv

A_© wKQz †jv‡Ki bM` A_© Av‡QcuywR ˆZixi mvg_©¨ Av‡Q

A‡_©i Afve FY cÖ`vbKvix ms¯’v Av‡Q

wewfbœ A_© jMœxKvix cÖwZôvb †_‡K FY bv cvIqv

msMVb msMVb ˆZixi gvbwmKZv Av‡QmsMVb cwiPvjbv Kivi gZ m¤ú` I `ÿZv Av‡Q

Avq- e¨‡qi wnmve- wbKvk m¤ú‡K© `ÿZv, `yi`k©xZvi Afve, e¨emv m¤ú‡K© Kg m‡PZbZv BZ¨vw`

GjvKvq wewfbœ ai‡Yi msMVb Av‡Q

wkÿv/ Áv‡bi Afve

cwiKíbv ev¯Íevqb evRviRvZKiY

evRv‡i wb‡q `iKlvKwli gva¨‡g wewµ Ki‡Q

evRvi m¤úwK©Z Z‡_¨i Afve

mg‡SvZv

KvQvKvwQ evRvi Av‡QGjvKvq

evRvi `i DVv bvgv Kiv

evRvi

14

m`m¨MY e¨emvwqi mv‡_ KvR Ki‡Q

Pzw³/ ‡b‡Mvwk‡qkb m¤úwK©Z `ÿZvi Afve

cwiewZ©Z evRv‡i Lvc LvIqv‡Z bv cviv

e¨emvwqi mv‡_ m`m¨MY †jb‡`b Ki‡Q

g~j¨ wbqš¿‡b bv _vKv

evRvi m¤úwK©Z Z‡_¨i Afve

Drcv`b Drcv`b Kv‡R RwoZ n‡q‡Q Ges mdj fv‡e Drcv`b Ki‡Q

¸bMZgv‡bi DcKi‡Yi Afve

Drcvw`Z cY¨ ¸bMZgv‡bi bv nIqv

Drcv`b m¤úwK©Z Áv‡bi Afve

m¤ú‡`i myôz e¨envi Ki‡Q

KvwiMix civg‡k©i ¯^íZv

KvwiMix welqK cÖwkÿb bv cvIqv

A_© wb‡R‡`i bM` A_© e¨emvq e¨envi Ki‡QmevB wg‡j cuywR ˆZix Ki‡Q

‡Kvb Z_¨ wjwc e× bv _vKv

jvf- ÿwZi wnmve bv _vKv

cvwievwiK LiP ev Ab¨ cÖK‡íi mv‡_ GK‡Î wnmve ivLv

FY cÖ`vbKvix ms¯’vi Kv‡Q hv‡”Q

ev‡RU cÖYqb m¤úwK©Z cÖwkÿ‡bi Afve

Avw_©K e¨e¯’vcbv welqK cÖwkÿ‡bi Afve

msMVb msMVb ˆZix K‡i‡Q Ges GKmv‡_ KvR Ki‡QmsMVb cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ m¤ú` I `ÿZv e¨envi Ki‡Q

Drcv`bKvix‡`i g‡a¨ GKZvi Afve

GjvKvq wewfbœ ai‡Yi msMV‡bi mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Q

mvsMvVwbK ¯^xK…wZ †bB

GgGmB - †Z gwnjv‡`i Kg AšÍf©yw³i KviY t

MZvbyMwZK wPšÍv aviv Ges A‡b¨i Dci wbf©ikxjZvi ms¯‹…wZwkÿv, KvwiMix Ávb Ges e¨emvwqK `ÿZvi ¯^íZvgwnjv‡`i A‡bK mgq †Q‡j †g‡q‡`i cwiPh©v wb‡q e¨¯Í _vK‡Z nq cvwievwiK Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ _v‡K †hgb- ivbœv- evbœvmn msmv‡ii Ab¨vb¨ KvRA‡_©i Afve mvsMvVwbKfv‡e kw³kvjx bq

15

GgGmB- †Z gwnjv‡`i Kg AšÍf©yw³ nIqvi KviY, BbwW‡Kkb (Indication) Ges djvdj wbgœiƒc t

KviY BbwW‡Kkb (Indication)

djvdj

A‡b¨i Dci wbf©ikxjZvi ms¯‹…wZ

¯^í/ Kg AvZœ gh©v`v

SuywK MÖn‡b fq cvq

cwievi Ges KwgDwbwUi Dbœq‡b AskMÖnY Kg

cvwievwiK Ges mvgvwRK ch©v‡q wm×všÍ MÖn‡b f’wgKv Kg/ _v‡K bv

MZvbyMwZK wPšÍv aviv

¯^í †gqv`x wPšÍv †PZbv

bZzb †Kvb a¨vb- aviYv MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv

†Q‡j †g‡qi msL¨vwaK¨

gv I wkïi ¯^v¯’¨ Lvivc

†Q‡j †g‡q‡`i Lye †evSv g‡b nq

Drcv`bg~jK KvR Kivi gZ mgq Kg

¯^vfvweK Rxeb hvÎv wbgœgv‡bi

†Q‡j †g‡qiv Lye fvj nq bvKvwiMix Áv†bi Afve/ ¯^íZv

Drcv`bkxjZv Kg `wi`ª Ae¯’vq _v‡K m¤ú‡`i mبenvi nq bv

e¨emvwqK `ÿZv Kg

Avq m„wói my‡hvM Kg

cvwievwiK Avq †ivRMv‡i m¤ú„³Zv Kg

e¨emv cwiPvjbvi AwfÁZv Kg nqwkÿvi Afve/ ¯^íZv m„RbkxjZvi Afve `„wó fw½ msKxY© nq

A‡_©i Afve Avq m„wói my‡hvM Kg

cvwievwiK Avq †ivRMv‡i m¤ú„³Zv Kg

mvsMvVwbKfv‡e kw³kvjx bq

¯’vbxq m¤ú‡` cÖ‡ekvwaKvi Kg ev _v‡Kbv

miKvix-†emiKvix mvnv‡h¨i Dci wbf©ikxj n‡q c‡o

gwnjv‡`i Rb¨ &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Ec‡hvMx ÿz`ª e¨emv wbe©vPb:

e¨emv my‡hvMmgyn euvavmgyn wbevPb (n¨uv/bv)

gvQ Pvlnuvm-gyiMx cvjbQvMj cvjbmewR Drcv`bgyw` †`vKvbKuvPv gv‡ji

16

e¨emv wbevwPZ ÿz`ª e¨emvi my‡hvM, euvav I euvavmgyn wbim‡bi Dcvq

wbeuvwPZ ÿz`ª e¨emv

my‡hvMmgyn euvavmgyn euvavmgyn wbim‡bi Dcvq

wbevwPZ e¨emvi c‡Y¨i Pvwn`v I mieivn:

Pvwn`vi we‡kølY:wbeuvwPZ e¨emvi cY¨

LyPiv †µZvi msL¨v

LyPiv †µZvi µ‡qi cwigvb (†KwR)

cvBKvix †µZvi msL¨v

cvBKvix †µZvi µ‡qi cwigvb (†KwR)

Ab¨vb¨ †µZvi msL¨v

Ab¨vb¨ †µZvi µ‡qi cwigvb (†KwR)

†gvU Pvwn`v

mieiv‡ni we‡kølY:wbeuvwPZ e¨emvi cY¨

Drcv`bKvixi msL¨v Drcv`‡bi cwigvb

evRvi Dbœq‡b †mev`vbKvix e¨w³ / cÖwZôv‡bi fzwgKv:Drm ‡mev`vbKvix

e¨w³ / cÖwZôv‡bi my‡hvMmgyn

‡mev`vbKvix e¨w³ / cÖwZôv‡bi euvavmgyn

‡mev`vbKvix e¨w³ / cÖwZôv‡bi euvavmgyn wbim‡bi Dcvq

Pvwn`vmieivn

17

gvB‡µv ¯§j G›Uvi cÖvBR cwiKíbv ˆZixi cÖwµqv

e¨emvi cwiKíbvj‡¶¨ ‡cŠQv‡bvi Rb¨ KvR Kivi c~‡e© †h wjwLZ wm×všÍ †bIqv nq Zv‡K cwiKíbv e‡j| hw` e¨mmvi Rb¨ †m cwiKíbv Kiv nq Zv‡K e¨emvi cwiKíbv e‡j|

fwel¨‡Z Kx Ki‡Z n‡e? ‡K Ki‡e? Kxfv‡e Ki‡e? KLb ev KZ mgq a‡i Ki‡e? Zv Ki‡Z Kx Kx DcKiY, A_© I †mevi cª‡qvRb n‡e? Zv †Kv_v †_‡K Kxfv‡e msMªn Ki‡Z n‡e?

GB mg¯Í wKQy AvMvg wVK K‡i †djv‡KB cwiKíbv e‡j|

cwiKíbvi D‡`¨k¨ D‡Ïk¨ AR©b (gybvdv jvf I m”QjZv AR©b) Kivi Rb¨

| e

¨ emv‡qi mg„w× I I m¤úªmviY Kivi Rb¨|

e¨q I AcPq n«vm Kivi Rb¨| DcKiYvw` I A‡_©i Kvh©Ki e¨envi wbwPZr Kivi Rb¨| `¶Zv AR©b Kivi Rb¨| mKj KvR mwVK mg‡q m¤úbœ Kivi Rb¨| mnKgx©‡`i mwVK mg‡q mwVK wb‡`©kbv †`qvi Rb¨| my‡hvM e¨envi I eva¨ AwZµ‡g mnvqZv cvIqvi Rb¨| e¨emv‡qi KvR Ki‡Z wM‡q wK n‡Z cv‡i, bv cv‡i Zv AMvg Rvb‡Z mnvqZv

K‡i|

cwiKíbvi Dcv`vb c‡Y¨i Pvwn`v wba©viY cªwZ‡hvwM‡`i mv‡_ Zyjbv| Drcv`‡bi cwigvY weµq GjvKv weµq g~‡j¨ wba©viY Drcv`b cwiKíbv (Drcv`b c×wZ wK n‡e, wK cwigvY Drcv`b n‡e, Drcv`b

¶gZv wK iKg, c‡b¨i gvb wK iKg, cª‡qvRbxq DcKiY cªvc¨Zv I gy‡j¨i wnmve Ges Ab¨vb¨ LiP)|

msMVb I e¨e¯’vcbv cwiKíbv (e¨emv‡qi aiY, cªwk¶Y, jxR I †iKW© msi¶Y)| Avw_©K cwiKíbv (Drcv`b c~e© e¨q, Lvgvi e¨e¯’vcbv mswkó e¨q Ges

Drcv`b cieZx© e¨q hvi g‡a¨ cb¨ msMªn, msi¶Y, cwienb, U¨v·/‡Uvj BZ¨vw` _vK‡e|

we¯—vwiZ e¨emvwqK cwiKíbvwU e¨emv m¤cÖmvi‡Yi Dcvq m¤úwK©Z GKwU cwi®‹vi wPÎ Zz‡j a‡i| cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i MÖæc GwU wewfbœ Avw_©K

18

cÖwZôv‡bi mv‡_ †kqvi K‡i| GB e¨emvwqK cwiKíbvwU Ab¨vb¨ ms¯’vi Kv‡Q mivmwi MÖnY‡hvM¨ n‡Z cv‡i A_ev Z_¨mg~n Gme ms¯’vi cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i Zv‡`i †cÖvdvBj Dbœq‡b Ae`vb ivL‡Z cv‡i| e¨emvwqK cwiKíbv PviwU cwiKíbvi mgwó| †m¸‡jv n‡jv-

wecYb cwiKíbv Drcv`b cwiKíbv mvsMVwbK cwiKíbv Avw_©K cwiKíbv|

e¨emv cwiKíbvi †gvU PviwU ch©vq hvnv wb‡¤œ msw¶ß AvKv‡i Zy‡j aiv nj:

1. wecbb cwiKíbv wecYb cwiKíbvq Drcvw`Z wbw`©ó c‡Y¨i cwigvY Ges g~j¨ cÖwZdwjZ nq hv Drcv`bKvixiv †Kvb wbw`©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨ (we‡kl K‡i 1 eQ‡ii g‡a¨) wewµ Ki‡Z Pvq| wecYb cwiKíbvi cÖavb 4wU Dcv`vb n‡”Q cY¨, ¯’vb, †cÖv‡gvkb Ges g~j¨| wecbb wel‡q †h mKj cwiKíbv Kiv DwPZ Zv wb‡æ †`Iqv nj

Kvh©µg cwigvY/msL¨v

ev¯—evqbKvi

x

KLb ‡KŠkj

Kvh©µ‡gi AvbygvwbK e¨q

c‡b¨i Pvwn`v wbiycbc‡b¨i mieivn wbi“cbc‡b¨i evRvi wbi“cbc‡b¨i Drcv`‡bi cwigvb wbi“cbcªwZ‡hvwM‡`i Z_¨ msMªnc‡b¨i ¸bMZ gvb wbqš¿Y (AvKvi, AvK„wZ, is, †gvoK BZ¨vw`‡µZv I †fv³vi wefvRbevRvi j¶¨ wba©viYweµq g~j¨ wba©viYweµq c~e©vfvm wba©viYcªmvi †KŠkj wba©viY

2. Drcv`b cwiKíbvt Drcv`b cwiKíbvq Drcv`‡bi mv‡_ RwoZ LiPmg~n cÖwZdwjZ nq| Drcv`b cwiKíbvi cÖavb 6wU Dcv`vb n‡”Q-c×wZ, KvPvgvj, gvbyl, †gwkb, A_© Ges mgq| Drcv`b wel‡q †h mKj cwiKíbv Kiv DwPZ Zv wb‡¤œ †`Iqv nj

Kvh©µg ‡K KLb ‡KŠkj Kvh©µ‡gi AvbygvwbK e¨q

gšÍe¨

cb¨ wbe©vPb

19

Drcv`‡bi cwigvY wba©viYcª‡qvRbxq A_© mieivnLvgvi/AeKvVv‡gv msMªnDrcv`b c×wZ wba©viYcª‡qvRbxq DcKiY msMªncª‡qvRbxq kªwgK wb‡qvMDrcv`bcb¨ msMªn, evQvBcb¨ cwienbcb¨ cªwµqvRvZKiYcb¨ msi¶Y

3. e¨e¯’vcbv cwiKívbt mvsMVwbK Ges e¨e¯’vcbv cwiKíbvwU mvsMVwbK KvVv‡gv Ges `vwqZ¡‡K wb‡`©k K‡i| e¨e¯’vcbv †h mKj cwiKívb Kiv DwPZ Zv wb‡æ †`Iqv nj

Kvh©µg ev¯—evqbKvix

KLb Kvh©µ‡gi AvbygvwbK e¨q

Rwi‡ci gva¨‡g wewfbœ ai‡bi e¨emv msµvš— Z_¨ msMªne¨emvi aiY-GKK gvwjKvbv, †hŠ_ gvwjKvbv, †Kv¤úvbxmvsMVwbK KvVv‡gv-gvwjK, mycvifvBRvi, kªwgK, cªf„wZAeKvVv‡gv/Rwg msMªnDcKiY/KvPvgvj msMªnD‡`¨v³vi AwfÁZvwe`¨yr/cvwb/cªf„wZ ms‡hvMcªwk¶Y`¶ kªwgK msMªn

4. A_©vqb cwiKíbvAvw_©K cwiKíbvq e¨vemv cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq wewb‡qvM Ges Ab¨vb¨ Drm †_‡K wK cwigvY A_© `iKvi Zv cÖwZdwjZ nq| A_©vqb wel‡q †h mKj cwiKívb Kiv Dw`Z Zv wb‡æ †`Iqv njKvh©µg Kvh©µ‡gi A‡_©i Drm gš—e¨

20

AvbygvwbK e¨qe¨e¯’vcbv e¨qcªKí e¨qwecbb e¨qcwienb I hvZvqvZ e¨qAvc¨vqb e¨q¯’vqx g~jabPjwZ gyjabF‡Yb my`Ab¨vb¨ e¨q

AvMvg I bvex dmj Drcv`b cwiKíbv AvMvg I bvex Pvlvev‡`i dmjcªvq me ai‡bi dm‡ji AvMvg g~j¨ AwaK _v‡K †hgb- mxg, dyjKwc, g~jv, evavKwc BZ¨vw`| †Kvb †Kvb dm‡ji bvex g~j¨I AwaK _v‡K †hgb-U‡g‡U| wb`„ó mg‡q Avevi †Kvb †Kvb gyj¨I AwaK _v‡K †hgb-‡ivRvi mgq klv, e¸b, †Qvjv| ZvB H mg‡q Pvl Ki‡Z cvi‡j AwaK jv‡fi m¤¢vebv _v‡K| hw`I H mg‡q Pvlvev‡`i SywKI †ekx _v‡K| SywK †gvKve‡jvq AvMvg cª¯—ywZ wb‡q Pvl K‡i A‡b‡K AwaK gybvdv Ki‡Q|

AvMvg I bvex dmj Drcv`‡bi g~j welq evRv‡i c‡b¨i D”P g~‡j¨i mwVK mgq m¤ú‡K© Ávb AvMvg Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ Aby‡gvw`Z RvZ mg~n †Pbv AvMvg Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ Aby‡gvw`Z RvZ mg~‡ni Drcv`b Kjv‡KŠkj Rvbv Drcv`b Kjv‡KŠkj Abyhvqx mwVK mg‡q mwVKfv‡e Pvlvev` Kiv mwVKfv‡e msMªn I msMªn‡Ëvi e¨e¯’vcbv SywK †gvKv‡ejvq AvMvg cª¯‘wZ MªnY

g¨vwUª·-1‡gŠmyg m¤¢ve¨ D”P g~‡j¨i

AvMvg dmjm¤¢ve¨ D”P g~‡j¨i bvex dmj

iwe ev kxZ †gŠmygLwic ev el©v †gŠmyg

g¨vwUª·-2 D”P g~‡j¨i AvMvg/bvex dmj ------------------ Pvl †gŠmyg c~e© Kg©cwiKíbv

Kvh©µg

Rvby

qv‡d

eª“q

gvP©

Gwcª

j‡g Ry

bRy

jvB

AvM

ó‡m

‡Þ¤

A‡±v

eib‡

f¤^i

wW‡m

gšÍe

¨

21

dmj I RvZ wbe©vPbRwg wbe©vPbgyjab msMªnexR msMªnmvi msMªncªhyw³ m¤ú‡K© Ávb jvfwewfbœ †mev`vbKvix cªwZôv‡bi mwnZ m¤úK© ¯’vcbG›UvicªvBR ev‡RU ˆZix

g¨vwUª· -3 D”P g~‡j¨i AvMvg/bvex dmj---------------------- Drcv`bKvjxb Kg©cwiKíbv

Kvh©µg

Rvby

q‡d

eª“

gvP©

Gwcª

j‡g Ry

bRy

jvB

AvM

ó‡m

‡ÞA‡

±vb‡

f¤^

wW‡

m¤^

igš

Íe¨

Rwg ˆZixPviv †ivcb ev exR ecbmvi cª‡qvM‡mP cª`vbAvš—tcwiPh©v (AvMvQv `gb, gvwU AvjMv, gvjwPs, gvPv, cª“wbs BZ¨vw`)‡ivM e¨e¯’vcbv †cvKv e¨e¯’vcbvdmj msMªn

g¨vwUª·-4 D”P g~‡j¨i AvMvg/bvex dmj------------------ msMªn cieZx© Kg©cwiKíbv

Kvh©µg

Rvby

q‡d

eª“

gvP©

Gwcª

j‡g Ry

bRy

jvB

AvM

ó‡m

‡ÞA‡

±vb‡

f¤^

wW‡

gš— e¨

‡MªwWsCwienbcªwµqvRvZKiYmsi¶YEvRviRvZKiY

G›Uvi cÖvBR ev‡RU Ges G›Uvi cÖvBR ev‡RU cÖ¯‘ZKiY

22

G›UvicÖvBR ev‡RU Ges Gi Dcv`vbtev‡RU n‡PQ †Kvb KvR Kivi c~‡e© †Kvb Lv‡Z wbw`©ó mg‡qi Rb¨ wK cwigvb A_© LiP n‡e Zvi GKwU A_©‰bwZK cwiKíbv| Avi e¨emvi Rb¨ hw` †m ev‡RU ˆZwi Kiv nq Z‡e Zv‡K G›UvicÖvBR ev‡RU e‡j|ÿz`ª K…l‡Ki K…wl Lvgvi Zvi G›UvicÖvBR| cÖ‡Z¨K G›UvicÖvBR cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ wbw`©ó wKQz LvZ Ges DcLvZ Av‡Q, G‡`i‡K G›UvicÖvBR ev‡RU Gi Dcv`vb ejv ‡h‡Z cv‡i|

K…wl Lvgv‡ii G›UvicÖvBR ev‡R‡Ui Dcv`vb t DcKiY eve` LiP-exR, mvi, KxUbvkK, euvk, BZ¨vw`| †gvU cÖKí e¨q †gvU wewb‡qvM ‡gvU Drcv`b LiP wecYb LiP cÖkvmwbK LiP kªwgK eve` LiP-Pvl, †mP, gvjwPs, †eov, guvPv, mvi I KxUbvkK cÖ‡qvM,

wbovbx, QvUvBKiY, dmj msMÖn, evQvB, †MÖwWs, c¨vwKs | cwienY LiP g~ja‡bi my` Lvgv‡ii wjR g~j¨ evRv‡ii LvRbv Drcvw`Z cY¨ n‡Z Avq cÖK…Z Avq

G›Uvi cÖvBR ev‡RU cÖ¯‘ZKiY:wb‡¤œ GKwU K…wl Lvgv‡ii G›Uvi cÖvBR ev‡RU ˆZixi bgybv †`Iqv nj|e¨q / Li‡Pi wnmvee¨‡qi LvZ

e¨‡qi Dc LvZ cwigvb GKK g~j¨ ‡gvU LiP gšÍe¨Í

DcKiY e¨q

exR‡mP‡MveiBdwiqvwU Gm wcGg wcwRcmvg‡eviY`¯ÍvKxUbvkK‡gvU DcKiY e¨q

kÖwgK e¨q

gv`v ˆZix‡Z kªwgK AvšÍ:cwiPh©vi Rb¨ kÖwgKgvPv ˆZix

23

(euvk, `wo, Zvi, KvV BZ¨vw`)gvPv ˆZixi Rb¨ kÖwgKdmj msMÖ‡ni LiP‡gvU kÖwgK e¨q

cwienb e¨q

DcKiY cwienbdmj cwienbAb¨vb¨‡gvU cwienb e¨q

wecYb e¨q

cÖPvievRv‡ii LvRbvAb¨vb¨‡gvU wecYb e¨q

e¨e¯’vcbv / cÖkvmwbK LiP

Rwg wjRRwg PvlZ_¨ msMÖ‡n ågb e¨qAvc¨vqb eve` LiP‡gvevBj wejcÖwkÿY ‡gvU e¨e¯’vcbv / cÖkvmwbK LiP

wewea e¨q

F‡Yi my`wewea 1wewea 2

me©‡gvU e¨q

Av‡qi wnmveAvq msMÖn ZvwiL cwigvb GKK

g~j¨‡gvU Avq

gšÍe¨

g~j Avq

24

DcRvZ ev Ab¨vb¨ Avq

me©‡gvU Avq

jvf-¶wZ we‡kølYweµ‡qi cwigvY(‡KwR)tweµq g~j¨ (UvKv)t

‡gvU e¨q = Drcv`b e¨q + e¨e¯’vcbv e¨q + wecbb e¨q+ cwienb LiP + F‡Yi my`+AePq (¯’vqx g~ja‡bi 10%)jvf= †gvU weµq g~j¨-‡gvU e¨q

Z_¨ msiÿY (†iKW© wKwcs)t†iKW© wKwcs ej‡Z eySvq ‡Kvb KvR ïiæi cÖ_g †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ cÖ‡qvRbxq DcvË ev Z_¨ msMÖn I msiÿY Kiv hv fwel¨‡Z wewfbœ Kv‡R †hgb- †gvU weµq, †gvU LiP, jvf- ÿwZ wnmve BZ¨vw` †ei Ki‡Z e¨envi Kiv hvq| myZivs e¨emvi †ÿ‡Î †iKW© wKwcs ej‡Z eySvq †gvU †jb-‡`‡bi mgq KZ UvKv A‡b¨i KvQ †_‡K MÖnb Kiv n‡jv Ges GKB fv‡e Ab¨‡K KZ UvKv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡jv Zv wjwc e× K‡i ivLv|

Z_¨ msiÿ‡Yi ¸iæZ¡tK…wlmn me ai‡Yi e¨emv cwiPvjbvi †ÿ‡Î Z_¨ msiÿY LyeB ¸iæZ¡ c~Y©| GUv GKUv e¨emv‡K mdjfv‡e cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z wb¤œ wjwLZfv‡e mnvqZv K‡i _v‡Kt

A‡_©i AcPq †iv‡a mnvqZv K‡i e¨emv wKfv‡e cwiPvwjZ n‡”Q Zv Ab¨‡K †`Lv‡Z mnvqZv K‡i †hgb-

e¨vsK e¨emv cwiPvjbvi †ÿ‡Î mgm¨vmg~n †`Lv‡Z mnvqZv K‡i (hw`I †`ix‡Z) fwel¨Z cwiKíbv Ki‡Z mnvqZv K‡i BZ¨vw`|

Kvh©µ‡gi weeiYxtïiæi ZvwiL Kvh©µg mgvwßi ZvwiL gšÍe¨

Avq- e¨‡qi weeiYxtZvwiL weeiY Avq e¨q e¨vj¨vÝ

25

e¨emv Dbœqb †mev (wewWGm) t e¨emv Dbœqb †mev n‡jv cÖvB‡fU †m±‡ii mv‡_ †Kvb †mev/G›UvicÖvB‡Ri g‡a¨ ¯’vqx ms‡hvM hv‡Z K‡i H †mev/G›UvicÖvB‡Ri DbœwZ AMÖwMZ nq Ges Bnvi d‡j ‡mev evRv‡i cÖ‡ekvwaKvi I cÖwZ‡hvMxZvq m¶gZv wbwðZ nq|

e¨emvi †mev n‡jv e¨emvqx‡`i †mev`v‡bi GKwU e„nËi cwimi hv Zv‡`i e¨emv cwiPvjbv I e„wׇZ mnvqZv K‡i|

‡Kvb GKwU c‡Y¨i Drcv`b †_‡K †fv³v ch©šÍ †cŠuQv‡Z †h mKj †mev cÖ‡qvRb nq ZvnvB e¨emvi †mev|

e¨emvq †mev cÖ`v‡bi cš’v wK?e¨emvwqK †mev cÖ`vb cš’v n‡jv Kg©m~Px mÂvj‡bi gva¨‡g †mevcÖ`vbKvix‡`i kw³kvjx Kiv hv‡`i Øviv f¨vjy †PBb wbqvgKMY (G¨v±i) mnvqZv cvq| mnvqZvcÖ`vbKvix ms¯’v f¨vjy †PBb G±i‡`i mivmwi mnvqZv cÖ`vb K‡i bv| Z‡e †mev cÖ`v‡bi cwi‡ek m„wó‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| e¨emvi †mev cÖ`v‡bi cš’vmgyn wbgœiƒct

e¨emvq †mev cÖ`vb cš’v t evuavmg~n `~ixKi‡Y Kvh©Kix mgvavb wbwðZ Kiv evRvi ¶wZMÖ¯’ Kiv‡K cvk KvwU‡q Pjv ‡mev cÖ`vbKvix‡`i gva¨‡g AvDUwiP ev †mevi †ÿÎ e„w× Kiv ‡emiKvix Lv‡Z †Kv_vq †mev mg~n Av‡Q Zv Ly‡R †ei Kiv

e¨emvq †mevi aiY/cÖKvi t

wd cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g ‡mev t GB †mev mvaviYZ GKK fv‡e †mevi g~j¨ cwi‡kva mv‡c‡¶ †mev cÖ`vb Kiv‡KB eySvq †hgb- †cÖmwµckb cÖ`vb K‡i wd Av`vq Kiv|

GUv ¶zz`ª I gvSvix e¨emvqx‡`i Rb¨ ïaygvÎ evRviwfwËK †mevmg~n ‡mevcÖ`vbKvix I MÖnYKvix‡`i g‡a¨ GB †mev evwbwR¨K wfwˇZ Av`vb

cÖ`vb n‡q _v‡K|  ‡mevcÖ`vbKvixMY n‡jb †emiKvix ch©v‡qi e¨emvqx|

Gg‡e‡WW †mev t GB †mev mvaviYZ cb¨ mv‡_ Ab¨ †Kvb Dc‡`k gyjK ‡mev GK‡Î cÖ`vb Kiv‡K eySvq| †hgb- mvi, KxUbvkK, civg©k BZ¨vw` cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g GK‡Î †mev g~j¨ Av`vq Kiv|

GB †mev f¨vjy †PBb G±i‡`i g‡a¨ Ab¨vb¨ Av`vb cÖ`v‡bi mv‡_ mshy³ _v‡K|

 GB ai‡bi Av`vb cÖ`vb n‡q _v‡K m¤§vbx e¨wZ‡i‡K A_ev weKífv‡e g~j DcKi‡bi mv‡_ wKQy m¤§vbx m¤ú„³ _v‡K|

26

fZ©ywKhy³ †mev /miKvix †mev t GB †mev mvaviY miKvix fv‡e RbM‡bi g‡a¨ webv g~‡j¨ mieivn Kiv nq †hgb- K…wl m¤cÖmviY Awa`ßi n‡Z K…lK‡`i †mev cÖ`vb|

wd Gi †¶‡Î fZy©wK †`qv nq  ‡mev cÖ`v‡bi †¶‡Î miKvi A_ev Ab¨ ms¯’v fZ©ywK w`‡q _v‡K

e¨emv †mev cÖvw߇Z euvavmgyn I m¤¢ve¨ mgvavbmgyn t

DcKiY (BbcyU) ch©v‡q evuav mg~n tevuavmg~n -

Ach©vß KvwiMwi `¶Zv DcKiY `v‡gi AwaK e¨eavb K…lK I DcKiY mieivnKvix‡`i g‡a¨ m¤úK© fvj bv _vKv gvwU cix¶vi ‡¶‡Î `¶Zvi Afve

m¤¢ve¨ e¨emvq †mev - DcKiY mieivnKvix‡`i Rb¨ KvwiMwi cÖwk¶Y Ki n«vm Kivi Rb¨ †hvMv‡hvM DcKiY mieivnKvix‡`i mv‡_ K…l‡Ki mym¤úK© M‡o †Zvjv gvwU cix¶vi DcKiY mieivn Ges cix¶vKvix‡` cÖwk¶Y

Drcv`b ch©v‡q evuavmg~n tevuavmg~n -

cY¨ Drcv`‡b K…m‡Ki `¶Zvi Afve DcKi‡Yi AwaK g~j¨ FY cvIqvi ‡¶‡Î AwfMg¨Zv Kg Ach©vß KvwiMwi mnvqZv DcKiY (BbcyU) I Drcvw`Z cY¨ wewµ‡Z (AvDUcyU) gv‡K©U e¨emvqx‡`i

g‡a¨ Lvivc m¤úK©m¤¢ve¨ e¨emvq †mev t

KvwiMwi Ges m¤cÖmvib †mev µq ¶gZvi g‡a¨ DcKi‡Yi mieivn FY cvIqvi †¶‡Î mnvqZv K…lK‡`i cÖwk¶Y, miKvix I †emiKvix cÖwZôv‡bi g‡a¨ †hvMm~Î ¯’vcb DcKiY(BbcyU) I Drcvw`Z cY¨ wewµ‡Z (AvDUcyU gv‡K©U

wbqwgK(G¨v±i)‡`i g‡a¨ †hvMm~Î ¯’vcb

Drcvw`Z cY¨ wewµ (AvDUcyU) ch©v‡q evuav mg~n tevuavmg~n -

evRv‡i cÖ‡ekvwaKvi Kg evRvi Z‡_¨i Afve wbw`ó †µZv evQvB Kivi ‡¶‡Î K…l‡Ki Amvg_©Zv evRviRvZKiY cÖwZôv‡bi Afve c‡Y¨i mieivn I cwigvb wel‡q Z‡_¨i Avfve msMÖ‡nvËi e¨e¯’vcbv welqK Áv‡bi Afve msiÿY myweav bvB

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m¤¢ve¨ e¨emvq †mev - evRv‡i cÖ‡ekvwaKvi wbwðZ Kiv evRvi Z‡_¨i mnRjf¨Zv Ges Drcv`K‡K evRvi Z_¨ msMÖ‡n Af¨vm Kiv‡bv ‡µZv mbv³KiY Gi Rb¨ cÖwk¶Y evRviRvZKiY cÖwZôvb ‰Zix Drcv`b welqK Z_¨ mnRjf¨KiY evRviRvZKiY c×wZi Dci e¨emvqx‡`i cÖwk¶Y msMÖ‡nvËi e¨e¯’vcbv welqK cÖwkÿY cÖ`vb msiÿY myweav m„wó Kiv

e¨emvq m¤¢ve¨ †mev cÖ`vbKvix t DcKiY mieivnKvix K…l‡Ki cb¨ †µZv ga¨¯’ZvKvix/ e¨emvqx ißvbxKviK cwienYKvix mwgwZ cÖwk¶Y `vbKvix cÖwZôvb miKvix `ßi evRviRvZKiY `j K…wl cY¨ cÖwµqvRvZKvix

we‡kl ai‡bi †mevmg~n t cÖwk¶Y KvwiMix †mevmg~n evRvi m¤úwK©Z Z_¨mg~n A_© msµvšÍ ¸YMZgvbm¤úbœ c‡Y¨i cÖ‡ekvwaKvi cwienb myweavmg~n

evRvi Dbœqb

evRvi t KZ¸‡jv wel‡qi mgš^‡h †hLv‡b †µZv Ges we‡µZvi gv‡S †mev A_ev cb¨ Av`vb cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g mieivn I †hvMv‡bi g‡a¨ GKwU Avš—t m¤ú‡K©i m„wó nq|evRvi Dbœqb t GwU GKwU Pjgvb cÖwµqv †mLv‡b Pvwn`v I †hvMv‡bi g‡a¨ GKwU Kvh©Ki Avš—t m¤ú©K m„wó n‡e

evRvi Dbœq‡bi avc mg~n t

avc-01 t GK/GKvwaK e¨emv/wKQz e¨emv bZzb cb¨ cÖ_g Ae¯’vq Kg msL¨K MÖnbKvix jvf RbK bvI n‡Z cv‡i|

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avc-02 t Kvógvi e„w× cv‡e| Ab¨ dv‡g©i/e¨emvi mshyw³ n‡e c‡Y¨i eûgywLZv Ges ¸bMZ gv‡bi g‡a¨ AwaKvi cÖwZ‡hvwMZv ïi“ n‡e|

avc-03 t g~‡j¨i Dci cÖwZ‡hvwMZv n‡e AwaK mieivn n‡e Ges `vg K‡g n‡e| Kg `vg/g~‡j¨ AwaK Pvwn`v n‡e wKQz d©vg/e¨emv S‡o hv‡e|

avc-04 t A_©‰bwZK ØvicÖv‡š— Aewkó d©vg/e¨emv wU‡K _vK‡e| g~j¨ùxwZ †ekx/K‡g †h‡Z cv‡i| mvwe©K Ae¯’vq SzwK †gvKvwejv m¤úbœ d©vg/e¨emv wU‡K _vK‡e

evRvi Dbœqb Kjv‡KŠkj m¤úwKZ welq t D‡Ïk¨ t AwaK evRvi Aš—f~w³ I Kvh©Kix n‡e AeKvVv‡gvMZ Ae¯’v t evRvi Dbœq‡b evav I my‡hvM wPwýZ n‡e| Kv‡Ri w`K wb‡`kbv t mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Dcvq Ges ev¯—evq‡bi Rb¨

MvBW jvBb ‰Zix Kiv|

evRvi Dbœqb Kjv‡KŠk‡bi bxwZmg~n t

mywbw`ó D‡Ïk¨ Ges Gi avivevwnKZv _vK‡e| ¯’vbxq cÖvwZóvwbK cUf~wgKv m¤ú©‡K ¯^”Q avibv _vK‡Z n‡e evRv‡ii cwi‡ekMZ Ae¯’vq g‡a¨ wewfbœ G±i‡`i f~wgKv m‡š—vlRbK n‡e evwn‡ii cwi‡ekMZ Ae¯’v Aek¨B ¯’vqxkxjZv n‡e ¯’vbxq g~j¨‡eva I m¤ú‡`i mv‡_ evRv‡ii mgvavb mg~n mwVK I ev¯—e

m¤§Z n‡Z n‡e| D‡Ï‡k¨i mv‡_ mgm¨v mgvav‡bi †KŠkj mg~n bZzbZ¡ bgbxq n‡e|

evRvi MwZkxjZv tevRv‡i cwZeZ©‡bi cÖavb Dcv`vb mg~n t

Af¨šÍwib Dcv`vb: evRv‡ii Pvwn`v †fv³vi c”Q›`bxqZv KvixMwi cwieZ©b wewfbœ ai‡bi DcKi‡bi jvfvsk SzwK mshyw³i evav eo Lvgvi/e¨emvi AvPvi AvPiY DcKib mieivn ißvbx KviK‡`i g‡a¨ cÖwZ‡hvwMZv FZz/mgq wewfbœ ch©v‡q jv‡fi ¯—i

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GmGgB AskMÖnb I e„wÏi Rb¨ my‡hvM mg~n GmGgB wµwUK¨vj evavmg~n AwZµg K‡i myweavRbK my‡hvM mg~n

MÖnb|

evwn¨K Dcv`vb t mn‡hvMxZv g~jK KvR mg~n (Z_¨, KvwiMwi, c‡Y¨i Dbœqb, `¶Zv) AeKvVv‡gvMZ Ae¯’v wbqg Kvbyb, g~j¨‡eva, gvb`Û, AvBb BZ¨vw`|

evRvi Dbœq‡b wewfbœ G±i‡`i f~wgKv t cÖvB‡fU †m±i/e¨w³ gvwjKvbvaxb cÖwZôvb t

cb¨ Dbœqb Z_¨ mieivn `¶Zv Dbœqb BZ¨vw`|

e¨emvq †bUIqvK© t Dc‡`k †hvMv‡hvM `¶Zv (AvbyôvwbK/AAvbyôvwbK)

miKvix/miKvi t wbqgKvbyb gvb`Û/gvbwbqš¿b M‡elYv mgš^‡q

e¨emv e¨e¯’vcbv msMVb (weGgI)t G¨vW‡fv‡Kwm Z_¨ gvb`Û

AjvfRbK cÖwZôvb (GbwRI, wek¦we`¨vjq, wk¶vcÖwZôvb)t FY `¶Zv DbœqYv M‡elbv|

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