DR UBAID.N.PCOMMUNITY MEDICINE DEPT

PARIYARAM MEDICAL COLLEGE

OBESITY

Abnormal growth of the adipose tissue due to an enlargement of fat cell size (hypertrophic obesity) or an increase in fat cell number (hyperplastic obesity) or a combination of both

Overweight is usually due to obesity but can arise from other causes

Android obesity and Gynoid obesitySpectrum of malnutrition

Epidemiological determinants

Age

Sex

Genetic factors

Physical inactivity

Socio economic status

Eating habits

Psychosocial factors

• Familial

tendency

• Endocrine

factors

• Alcohol

• Smoking

• Education

• Ethnicity

• Drugs

Assessment of obesity

1. Body weight (i) Body Mass Index (Quetelets Index) =

Classification BMI Risk of co morbidities

Underweight <18.50 Low

Normal range 18.50- 24.99 Average

Overweight ≥25.00

Pre Obese 25.00 – 29.99 Increased

Obese class I 30.00 – 34.99 Moderate

Obese class II 35.00 – 39.99 Severe

Obese class III ≥ 40 Very severe

(ii) Ponderal index =

(iii) Brocca index = Height(cm) minus 100

(iv) Lorentz’s formula =

(v) Corpulence index = This should not exceed 1.2

2. Skin fold thickness – Harpenden skin callipers

3. Waist circumference (WC) : Men (≥ 102 cm) and women (≥ 88 cm) Waist Hip ratio(WHR) : Men (>1) and Women(>0.85)

4. Others – total body water, total body potassium, total body density

Hazards of obesity

a) Increased morbidity – hypertension, diabetes, gall bladder disease, heart disease, certain cancers and also; varicose vein, abdominal hernia, osteoarthritis, psychological etc, increased risk from surgery, lower fertility…

b) Increased mortality

Prevention & Control

Weight reduction!!!

Dietary changes Increased physical activity Others

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