dr. roy's everything grammar part ii

8/8/2019 Dr. Roy's Everything Grammar Part II

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Noun

Adverb

serb

s

Adjec

tives

Original text by

Dr. Roy Beadle Jr.

Revised and edited by Dr. Paul R. Friesen

Everything Grammar

Volume II

USING Grammar


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To the student,

This book begins with fairly easy lessons, and each succeeding one will add

information or become a little more difficult. . You and your classmates should try

to complete as many units as you can in a class period. When there are instructions

to learn a list of words, you must be sure that you master them perfectly because

they will help you understand a language problem. Remember that the words are

only examples and that usually there are more likethem.


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IndexSection IX Usage .................... 7

Rules for using your Grammar 9

Unit 1 Plurals of Nouns 10

Unit 2Plurals of Nouns contd 12

Unit 3 Possessives of Nouns 14

Unit 4 Capitalization of Nouns 17

Unit 5Capitalization of Nouns contd 19

Unit 6 Capitalization of Mother, Uncle, etc. 21

Unit 7 Appositive Nouns 24

Unit 8 Special Nouns 26

Section X Errors................... 29

Unit 1 Contractions 30

Unit 2 Verbs and Auxiliaries 33

Unit 3 Some Common Verb Errors 36

Unit 4 Sit and Set 39

Unit 5 Rise and Raise 45

Unit 6 Lie and Lay 51

. Unit 7 Other Troublesome Verbs 56

Unit 8 Ought, Got, and 60Unit 9 Singular and Plural Verbs 64

Unit 10 - Phrases between Subject and Verb 70

Unit 11 - Special Verb Problems 75

Unit 12 - Agreement with Or and Now 79

Unit 13- Summary 82

Section XI Personal Pronouns.................. 85

Unit 1 - Personal Pronouns In the Nominative Case 86

Unit 2 Personal Pronouns In the Object of the Preposition 91Unit 3 Personal Pronouns As Direct Objects (DO) 96

Unit 4 Personal Pronouns As Indirect Objects (IO) 101

Unit 5 Use of Personal Pronouns 106

Unit 6 Who and Whom 113

Unit 7 Possessive Pronouns 119

Unit 8 Determiner or Contraction 124

Unit 9 Indefinite Pronouns 127

Unit 10 -- Usage Problems With Demonstratives 132

Unit 11 Other Pronouns 135Unit 12 Summary 140


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Section XII Special Cases ......................... 144

Unit 1 Using Prepositions Correctly 145

Unit 2 Using Adjectives and Adverbs 156

Unit 3 The Ability of Adverbs to Move 162

Unit 4 Special Cases with Adjectives 167Unit 5 Special Adjectives 170

Unit 6 Two - ToToo 173

Unit 7 Degree Usage 176

Unit 8 Negatives 179

Unit 9 Summary 183

Section XIII Clauses and Phrases .............. 187

Unit 1 Using Phrases and Clauses 188

Unit 2 Who and Whom in Clauses 191

Unit 3 Some Clause Problems 195

Unit 4 More Clause Problems 198

Unit 5 Elliptical Clauses 201

Unit 6 Problems in Noun Clauses 204

Unit 7 Using Infinitives 207

Unit 8 Using Participles 210

Unit 9 Using Gerunds 214

Unit 10 Summary 218

Section XIV Punctuation ...........................221

Unit 1 Introduction to Punctuation 222

Unit 2 Kinds of Sentences 224

Unit 3 Punctuating the Compound Sentences 226

Unit 4 The Conjunctive Adverb 229

Unit 5 Conjunctive Adverb or Parenthetic Expression 232

Unit 6 Compound Sentence or Compound Predicate? 235

Unit 7 Compound Sentences without Conjunctions? 240Unit 8 The Comma Blunder 241

Unit 9 Punctuating Subordinate Clauses 243

Unit 10 Summary of Sentence Punctuation 246

Unit 11 Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Clauses 249

Unit 12 Nonrestrictive or Appositive? 252

Unit 13 Words of Address 255

Unit 14 More about Punctuation 258

Unit 15 Direct and Indirect Quotations 261

Unit 16 Broken Quotations 263


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Unit 17 The Comma With Addresses and Dates 266

Unit 18 The Use of the Colon 269

Unit 19 Using Numbers 272

Unit 20 Summary 275

Section XV Composition Activities ........ 277

Unit 1 Rules for Setting up your Composition 278

Unit 2 Vivid Verbs 280

Unit 3 Descriptive Adjectives 281

Unit 4 Post-Noun Adjectives 282

Unit 5 Adjectives in Series 283

Unit 6 Colorful Adverbs 284

Unit 7 Adverbs in Pairs 285

Unit 8 Adverbs Beginning Sentences 286

Unit 9 Propositional Phrases 287

Unit 10 More Prepositional Phrases 288

Unit 11 Similes Beginning Sentences 289

Unit 12 Dependent Clauses Beginning Sentences 290

Unit 13 Infinitive Phrases Beginning Sentences 291

Unit 14 Participial Phrases Beginning Sentences 292

Unit 15 Gerund Phrases Beginning Sentences 293

Unit 16 The Absolute Construction Beginning Sentences294Unit 17 Coordinating Basic Sentences 295

Unit 18 More Coordinating Basic Sentences 296

Unit 19 Subordinating Ideas 297

Unit 20 Appositive Subordinating Ideas 298

Unit 21 NonRestrictive Clause 299

Unit 22 Participial Phrase as Head-word 300

Unit 23 Improving Your Style 301

Unit 24 More Style Improvement 302

Unit 25 Effective Use of Participial Phrases 303Unit 26 Starting with two Prepositional Phrases 304

Unit 27 Cumulative Sentences 305

Unit 28 Cumulative Sentences + Modifiers 307

Section XVI The Paragraph .................... 309

Unit 1 Introducing the Paragraph 310

Unit 2 Unity in the Paragraph 313

Unit 3 Emphasis in the Paragraph 315

Unit 4 Examples in the Paragraph 317


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Unit 5 Contrast in the Paragraph 319

Unit 6 Exposition in the Paragraph 321

Unit 7 Description in the Paragraph 323

Unit 8 Sentence Variety in the Paragraph 325

Unit 9 The Editorial 327Unit 10 The Friendly Letter 329

Unit 11 The Business Letter 331

Unit 12 The Outline Plan 333

Unit 13 The Whole Composition 336

Unit 14 The Speaking Voice Approach 338


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Part IX

Usage


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You have now completed the grammar portion of this book which presented a description of

English based on a study of grammatical vocabulary, an understanding of the relationships of

these terms in sentences, and some knowledge of how basic patterns combine to produce the

many kinds of sentences we use.

We will now turn our attention to what grammarians call usage; or, the different ways

grammatical structures are used in written and spoken English.

We need to remember that while grammar describes language and is neither good nor bad,

usageoffers choices of ways of expressing our thoughts.

Usage is acceptable or not depending upon the group one happens to be in. Thus,

expressions like aint" or "he dont may be acceptable in some social situations but would

not be considered good language manners by cultured or educated persons.

In this book, usageis divided into formal, informal, and non-standard English.

FormalEnglish is more often written than spoken and is used in most high school andcollege writing courses, books or articles on special subjects, talks or lectures to certain

groups, or recitation within the classroom.

InformalEnglish is often used by educated people in their casual conversations and may

include slang or other localisms.

Non-standardEnglish is represented by the speech of those with little or no schooling,byprofanity, or bypretentious speaking or writing.

What should be your attitude toward usage?

Whether you agree or not, most of the time good language manners go hand in

hand with success, and the student who desires a happy adult lifemust learn to correct his undesirable writing and speaking

language habits. After you learn a formal or acceptable usage form in the followingpages, you should immediately try to make it a part of you. It is probably best to avoid non-

standard usage.

Learn to recognize that there are levels of usage and strive to condition your language habits

so that you will be able to use the kind of English appropriate for different occasions. The

main difficulty for most students, of course, will be the problem of developing the ability to

use formal English with ease and facility when the occasion arises.


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Read this page carefully.

Be sure you know these rules before you try the next page.

1. Most nouns form their plural by adding .s. to the singular.

Example: land ~ lands.

2. Nouns ending in s,x,z,sh, and ch, form their plurals by adding es to thesingular.

Examples: loss-losses; tax-taxes; waltz-waltzes; wish-wishes; church-churches.

3. (a) Nouns ending in Y preceded by a consonant, change the Y to i and add es.

Examples: baby-babies; army-armies.

(b) Nouns with a vowel (a,e,i,o,u) before the Y, just add .s..

Example: toy-toys.

4. (a) Most nouns ending in f or fechange the f or feto ves to make the plural.

Example: life-lives.

(b) Some nouns keep the f or fe and just add s.

Examples: roof-roofs; strife-strifes.

4. Some nouns keep the same form that is used for both the plural and the singular.

Example: deer-deer.

6. Some nouns ending in o add es to make the plural. With most musical terms, add s.

Examples: motto-mottoes; piano-pianos.

7. The plural of letters, figures, and signs are formed by adding apostrophe (s).

Examples: Form your y's and 5's in a careful manner.


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8. The plural of Miss = Misses;

Mr. = Messrs., pronounced mes'erz;

Mrs. = Mesdames, pronounced Madam'.

9. A collective noun, a name of a group, = singular when it is acting as if it were one person.Example: The class is having its picture taken.

10. A collective noun is plural when the members of the group are acting as individuals.

Example: The class are having their pictures taken. (one at a time)

11. Some nouns change their forms considerably.

Examples: child-children; man-men.

12. Form the plural of nouns ending in ful by adding s at the end of the word.

Example: spoonful-spoonfuls.

13. Some nouns are plural in form but singular in meaning.

Examples: scissors, measles, mumps.

14. Compound nouns usually form their plural by adding s or es to the main word of the

compound.

Example: brother-in-law, brothers-in-law.

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12. tomato ___ 38. Turkey ___

13. fly ___ 39. Mystery ___

14. cat ___ 40. mumps ___

15. sister-in-law ___ 41. 5 ___

16. shoe ___ 42. C ___

17. gas ___ 43. Chip ___

18. business ___ 44. father-in-law ___

19. m ___ 45. Elf ___

20. tiger ___ 46. Sheep ___

21. woman ___ 47. Miss ___

22. measles ___ 48. piano ___

23. goose ___ 49. Solo ___

24. chair ___ 50 class ___

25. kite ___ 51. teacher ___

26. child ___ 52. army ___

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WHAT TO DO!

Make the possessive by adding an apostrophe () or ('s) to the words below.

The first two are done for you.

1. student pencil = student's pencil

2. students pencils = students' pencils

~~ You try a few ~~

3. Thomas finger = ____________________________________________________

4. table's edge or edge of the table = ______________________________________

5. teacher desk = _____________________________________________________

6. cows tails = _____________________________________________________

7. teachers meetings = _________________________________________________

8. class problems = ____________________________________________________

9. work of the week or week's work = _____________________________________

10. army weapons = ___________________________________________________

11. printer press = ___________________________________________________

12. road's turn or turn of the road? = _____________________________________

13. Dickens prose = ___________________________________________________

14. children playground = ______________________________________________

15. Olson and Carr Grocery Store = ______________________________________

16. Holmes story = ____________________________________________________

17. Joe suit = ____________________________________________________

18. Agnes dress = ____________________________________________________


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19. Jesus love = ____________________________________________________

20. armies orders = ____________________________________________________

21. lion mane = ____________________________________________________

22. dog paw = ____________________________________________________

23. child toy = ____________________________________________________

24. James hat = ____________________________________________________

25. clock's dial or dial of the clock = ______________________________________

26. Jean diary = _____________________________________________________

27. sister-in-law book = _________________________________________________

28. ladies purses = ____________________________________________________

29. Tom bicycle = _____________________________________________________

30. a nickel's worth or worth of a nickel = __________________________________

?

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Note: Names that begin with small letters are called common nouns.Example: She was a girl.

Girl is a common noun. Common nouns are not capitalized.

When a particular or specific person place, or thing is named, it is called aproper noun.

Example: John went to Carnegie Hall.

John and Carnegie Hall =proper nouns. Proper nouns are capitalized.WHAT TO DO!

Over each noun write whether it is commonor proper.Example: common proper

1. We saw a friend in New York.

Speaking: Friend is a common noun; New York a proper noun.

~~ You Try a few ~~

2. She jumped over Tommy.

Speaking: ___________________________________________________________.

3. The bear was playing with her cubs.

Speaking: ___________________________________________________________.

4. My sister lives in Detroit.

Speaking: ___________________________________________________________.

5. This is a large city.

Speaking: ___________________________________________________________.


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6. Joe saw a statue by the river.

Speaking: ___________________________________________________________.

7. Joe saw the Washington Monument in Washington, D.C,

Speaking: ___________________________________________________________.

8. The Mississippi River flowed peacefully.

Speaking: ___________________________________________________________.

9. We live near the Sioux Indian Reservation.

Speaking: ___________________________________________________________.

10. The boy sat quietly in the hall,

Speaking: ___________________________________________________________.

11. She saw John at the fair,

Speaking: ___________________________________________________________.

12. The field was near the courthouse,

Speaking: ___________________________________________________________.

13. Randall's Field was a baseball diamond,

Speaking:___________________________________________________________.

14. We watched a game at Yankee Stadium,

Speaking: __________________________________________________________.

15. The people visited the tomb,

Speaking: ___________________________________________________________.

16. It is called Grant's Tomb,

Speaking: ___________________________________________________________.

17. The canyon was deep and impressive,

Speaking: ___________________________________________________________.

18. We saw The Grand Canyon on our trip,

Speaking: ___________________________________________________________.

19. She lived in Buffalo, New York,

Speaking: ___________________________________________________________.

20. Mr. Edwards owned the Morning Times in Jersey, Michigan.

Speaking: ___________________________________________________________.

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Note:The words north, south, east, and west are capitalized, when they

refer to asection of a country.

Example: The Westwas noted for its cowboys.

north, south, east, and west are notcapitalized when they refer to adirection.

Example: We drove southto the city.

School subjects are not capitalized unless they refer to a country.

Example: In ninth grade we tookEnglishand algebra.

Numbered courses like ~Typing 101~ are capitalized.

The word Miss, the abbreviations Mrs. and Mr., and any title or abbreviationof a titlewhen it is used with the name of a person is capitalized.

Examples: Mr. Jones, Mrs. Berner, Miss Boswell.

Titles ~~ Prof. Meyer, President Lincoln, and Dr. Caldwell.

Special Note:

Abbreviations are followed by periods.

Always capitalize the President of the United States. The names of seasons are not capitalized ~~

Example: It was winter again.

~~ unless they are personified; that is, made to appear that they are alive.

Example: We saw Winter roar in like a lion.

In the second sentence winter is made to appear alive.

The important words in the title of a book are capitalized.Example: We read The Call of the Wild.

The first word of a title is always capitalized.


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WHAT TO DO!

Fill in theblanks in the following sentences.

Write thecorrect word+a reason for your choice.Example:

1. The _______ is very warm. south - South

Reason: South is an area or section.

2. We went ______of the town. east - East

Reason: __________________________________________________.

3. She likes ___________. mathematics - Mathematics

Reason: __________________________________________________.

4. We learned _____________ in school. Spanish - spanish

Reason: __________________________________________________.

5. Miss Carlson teaches _______ Home Economics - home economics

Reason: __________________________________________________.

6. We studied about the ____________ of the United States. Presidentpresident

Reason: __________________________________________________.

7. The school offered______________ typing II - Typing II

Reason__________________________________________________.

8. His name was ________ Jones. Prof. - prof.

Reason: __________________________________________________.

9. In ____________ I like the warm sunshine. Spring - spring

Reason: __________________________________________________.

10. We saw ____________ dancing over the hills. Spring - spring

Reason:________________________________________________________.

11. The book was called __________________ Home On The Range - Home on the Range

Reason: _______________________________________________________.

12. She called the _____________. Doctor-doctor

Reason: _______________________________________________________.


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, , .

Note:CAPITALIZE mother, father, uncle, aunt, etc. when they are used indirect address or when one is referring to them.

Example: You know, Mother, that I shall go. I told Father about it.

Do notcapitalize the above terms when a determinerlike my, his, etc. comes before them.

Example: Mymother went with me.

WHAT TO DO!

Choose thecorrect form and write it in the blank.Write a short reason for your choice.

Example:

1. Will you do it for me, Father?Reason: CAPITALIZE father in direct address.


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~~ You try a few ~~

2. I went to the store with__________. Mother - mother

Reason: _________________________________________________.

3. They were with his ____________. Sister - sister

Reason: _________________________________________________.

4. Did you do it, __________ ? sister - Sister

Reason: _________________________________________________.

5. He talked to his ___________. Uncle - uncle

Reason: _________________________________________________.

6. Will you go with me, _________? Uncle - uncle

Reason: _________________________________________________.

7. ___________, may I go to the store? Aunty - aunty

Reason: _________________________________________________.

8. My ____________lives in Chicago. Aunt - aunt

Reason: _________________________________________________.

9. The boys rode in the car with their _____________. Father - father

Reason: _________________________________________________.

10. Did you drive the car into the garage, ______________ ? Father - father

Reason: _________________________________________________.

11. I know, ________ , about the scratch on the fender. dad - DadReason: _________________________________________________.

12. Was it my fault, __________? Dad - dad

Reason: _________________________________________________.

13. My ____________is a wonderful fellow. Dad - dad

Reason: _________________________________________________.


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Definitions: An appositive noun = a or placednear anoun or pronoun to explain it.

It is called a noun in apposition orplaced after.

Example: Joy, the girl with the curls, is my friend.

In this sentence, we call thegirlwith the curls = the appositive phrase

and girlthe appositive noun.

There are three things we need to remember about appositive nouns.

(1) The appositive adds something to the knowledge of the first noun.

(2) An appositive isparentheticalwhich means that it can be omittedwithout changingthe meaning of the sentence.

(3) Appositives are almost always set offby commas.

The exception occurs when there is a close relationship between the two nouns.

Example: The planet Saturn was visible last night.

Sometimes a pronoun comes before an appositive in a sentence.

Example: The man gave us [boys] a ride.

In this sentence, boys = an appositivereferring to the pronoun us.

WHAT TO DO!

Place [brackets] around the [appositive phrase] and underline the appositivenoun or pronoun.

Place commas ,,,, where they belong.

Example: Mr. Johnson,[a close friend of mine], drove me home.

Speaking -- A close friend of mineis an appositive phrase.

Friendis the appositive noun and refers to Mr. Johnson.


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~~ You try a few ~~

2. Jerry the boy with the college degree left early.

Speaking: ___________________________________________________________

3. Alice the girl with the brown eyes walked down the hall.

Speaking : __________________________________________________________

4. George a student of history studies hard.

Speaking: ___________________________________________________________

5. Rollo the clown looked funny.

Speaking: ___________________________________________________________

6. We boys wanted to go.

Speaking: ___________________________________________________________

7. Where is my scarf the wrap with red stripes.

Speaking: ___________________________________________________________

8. I like Joe a boy with a lot of character.

Speaking: ___________________________________________________________

9. Daniel a friend of mine likes skating very much.

Speaking: ___________________________________________________________

10. His hat the derby with the feather is lost.

Speaking: ___________________________________________________________

11. That is Jerry the boy on the left.

Speaking: ___________________________________________________________

12. He gave us girls the dolls.

Speaking: ___________________________________________________________

13. Bob Hall a great football player was seen at the stadium.

Speaking: ___________________________________________________________


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Special Note:

Situation - Fix. ~

Avoid the use of the word in formal writing or speaking.

Example: Formal ~~ He was in a difficultsituation.

Informal ~~ He was in a difficult fix.

Ad- Advertisement. ~ Avoid the use of ad in formal usage..

Example: Formal ~~ I placed an advertisement in the newspaper.

Informal ~~ I placed anadin the newspaper.

GentsGentlemen ~~ Avoid the use of the word gents in formal usage.

Example: Formal ~~ We saw several gentlemen there.

Informal ~~ We saw severalgentsthere.

WHAT TO DO!

Choose thecorrect form ~~ write ashort reason for your choice.

Example:

1. He was in an unusual situation. situation - fix

Reason: situation is formal usage.


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~~ You try a few ~~

2. We placed an ______________ in the paper. ad - advertisement

Reason ~~ _________________________________________________.

3. Will you ________ come here? gents - gentlemen

Reason ~~ _________________________________________________.

4. We walked like ____________. gents - gentlemen

Reason ~~ _________________________________________________.

5. John saw an ___________for skates. ad - advertisement

Reason ~~ _________________________________________________.

6. The __________ rose and stood quietly. gents - gentlemen

Reason ~~ _________________________________________________.

7. He was in a really difficult __________. situation - fix

Reason ~~ _________________________________________________.

8. I received a magazine with a full page___________. ad - advertisement

Reason ~~ _________________________________________________.

9. He was in the room with the______________. gents - gentlemen

Reason ~~ _________________________________________________.

10. June clipped the __________from the paper. ad - advertisement

Reason ~~ _________________________________________________.

11. The __________came in and sat down. gents - gentlemen

Reason ~~ _________________________________________________.

12. I met some strange __________on the bus. gents - gentlemen

Reason ~~ _________________________________________________.


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13. The _________ called a taxicab for me. gents - gentlemen

Reason ~~ _________________________________________________.

14. Our _________ was really dangerous. situation - fix

Reason ~~ _________________________________________________.

15. The __________was quite attractive. ad - advertisement

Reason ~~ _________________________________________________.

16. The ladies and _____________walked down the street. gentsgentlemen

Reason ~~ _________________________________________________.

17. What a _________ we're in! situation - fix

Reason ~~ _________________________________________________.

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Part X

ErrorsAnd things


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Definition: Acontractionis made by omitting (cutting out)a letter orletters from a word and substituting it/them with an

apostrophe ().

Example: He's done his work. He's = a contraction ofhe has.

WHAT TO DO!

Write the correct Form in the blank +a short reason for your choice.

Example : She hasn't played all morning. hasnt - hasn't

Hasnt Reason: Hasn't = a contraction ofhas not.

~~ You try a few ~~

2. ___ your trunk. Its - It's

_________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________

3.____ gone by that time. He'd - Hed________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________

4._______run for two hours. Theyve -

They've

________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________

5.The girls _______ seen me yet. haven ' t - havent

________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________


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6.______ lain here all morning. Weve - We've

________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________

7.______ too slow for them. We're - Were

_________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________

8.My book _____on the shelf. isnt - isn't

________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________

9._____ told us about it. He's - Hes

________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________

10.____ want that dress. Id - I'd

________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________

11.______ leaving at noon. Theyre - Theyre

_________ Reason ~~ ___________________________________

12._____ seen that movie. I've - Ive

_________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________

13.______ going with us. Youre - You're

_________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________

14.He has told you about it, ______he? hasn't - hasnt

_________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________

15.______ taking the train. Hes - He's

_________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________

16.Jerry ______ say very much. doesnt - doesn't

_________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________


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17.____ given him my book. I've - Ive

_________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________

18.____ you going now? Arent - Aren't

_________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________

19. I ____ tell you about it now. can't - cant

_________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________

20.He _____ stop that noise. wont - won't

_________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________

21.I ____ very hungry. ain't - am not

_________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________

(Ain't is non-standard)

22.You can do it, ____ you? cant - can't

_________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________

23.I would tell him, ______ you? wouldn't - wouldnt

_________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________

24.He ______ my friend. isn't - ain't

_________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________

How did you do?

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What do we know?We have learned that the principal forms of verbs

= the present, past, past participle, and present participle.

Review the forms listed below so that you are sure you know them.

PRESENT PAST PAST PRESENT

Today Yesterday PARTICIPLEI I I have I am

see saw seen seeingdo did done doing

throw threw thrown throwingride rode ridden riding

go went gone goingspeak spoke spoken speakingdrink drank drunk drinkingtake took taken taking

come came come coming

Use helpers like have, has, was, and had + the past participle.

Example : Hehas done his work.

Don't let the contraction confuse you.

Example : Hes done his work.

Special Note:

Do not use the auxiliaries or helpers with the past form.Example : I saw you.


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WHAT TO DO!

Write thecorrect Form in theblank+ a short reason for your choice.

Example : Shehas come with us each day. came - come

Reason: The helperhastells us to use the past participle form.

~~ You try a few ~~

2.Tom has the horse. rode - ridden

ridden Reason ~~ _________________________________________

3.We've with them. went - gone_________ Reason ~~ _________________________________________

4.He has the horse. stolen - stole_________ Reason ~~ _________________________________________

5.Mary has the milk. drank - drunk

_________ Reason ~~ _________________________________________

6.I that picture. seen - saw

_________ Reason ~~ _________________________________________

7.I've that picture. saw - seen

_________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________

8.The boy his work. done - did

_________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________

9.The student has his work well. did - done

_________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________


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10.We the water. drank - drunk

_________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________

11.He's to the child. spoke - spoken

_________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________

12. I've that bicycle. rode - ridden

_________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________

13.She's into the room. came - come

_________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________

14.He has the bell. rangrung

_________ Reason ~~ ____________________________________

How did you do?

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Note:

Do notuse the verb drownded. The correct spelling isdrowned.Example :The man drowned in the lake.

Useshould haveor should've instead ofshoulda or should of.

Special Note: A or of are nothelpers.Example :We should've gone with them.

Again, avoidthe use ofain'tin formal or informal usage. Use some other form.Example :I don't have any. ~~ I haven't any pencil.

In formal usage, avoidthe use ofbust or busted when you mean to break.Example :I broke the vase.

WHAT TO DO!

Write thecorrect Form in theblank+ a short reason for your choice.

Example: He drowned in the pool. drowneddrownded

drowned Reason. Drownded is incorrect spelling.


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~~ You try a few ~~

2.Joe ______ done that. shoulda - should've

should've Reason ~~__________________________________________

3.He __________ any pencil. ain't got - no-hasn't

_________ Reason ~~ __________________________________________

4.I will _________ that glass. break - bust

_________ Reason ~~ __________________________________________

5.Mary's cat ______ yesterday. drownded - drowned

_________ Reason ~~ __________________________________________

6.They ______ hurt themselves. mighta - might've

_________ Reason ~~ __________________________________________

7.I _____________ tried harder. could've - could of

_________ Reason ~~ __________________________________________

8.Tom nearly __________ drowned - drownded

_________ Reason ~~ __________________________________________

9.We _______ any paper. haven't - ain't got

_________ Reason ~~ __________________________________________

10.Susan ___________ gone with us. might of - might've

_________ Reason ~~ __________________________________________

11.Terry _________ his hat. ain't got - doesn't have

_________ Reason ~~ __________________________________________

12.The men ____________ taken that boy. shoulda - should've

_________ Reason ~~ __________________________________________


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13.I ___________ much energy. haven't - ain't got

_________ Reason ~~ __________________________________________

14.Our teacher_________ failed me. mighta - might've

_________ Reason ~~ __________________________________________

15.We ___________ listened to him. should of - should've

_________ Reason ~~ __________________________________________

16.You _______ tired, are you? ain't - aren't

_________ Reason ~~ __________________________________________

17.They could have on that thin ice. drowned - drownded

_________ Reason ~~ __________________________________________

18.Jerry the window. brokebusted

_________ Reason ~~ __________________________________________

19.The bag of water open. burst - busted

_________ Reason ~~ __________________________________________

20.I alone. am not - ain't

_________ Reason ~~ __________________________________________

How did you do?

!


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WHAT TO DO!

Apply your method + a short reason for your choice.

Sub = subject V-t = transitive verb DO = direct object

Example: Sub V-t DO

I will set a trap (for the mouse). sit - set

set Reason: Use set because trap is a direct object.

Speaking: I = the subject,will set = the verb

for the mouse = a prepositional phrase.Set is not linking, but it is transitive followed by trap, the direct object.

Use set because there is a direct object.

~~ You try a few ~~

2.The man has _____ his compass. set - sit

set Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

3.Jean was ______ down. sitting - setting

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________


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4.The school nurse ______ the scales. set - sit

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

5. He _____the book by the window. sit - set

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

6.Bob _____ by the tree. set - sat

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

7.I was _____ in the chair. sitting - setting

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________


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8.She had ____ her purse down. sit - set

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

9.The boy _____ is alone. setting - sitting

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

10.He will _____ there. sit - set

_______ Reason -- ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

11.Will you _____ near me? sit - set

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________


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12.The girl has _____the vase by the door. set - sit

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

13.He was ________ down on the lawn. sitting - setting

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

14.Jane is ________ the flowers in the planter. sitting - setting

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

15.I ______ up for the first time. sat - set

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________


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16.They are _____ on their course. sit - set

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

17.They _____ the pencil there. setsit

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

Note: sethas other meanings also. Look in your dictionary.

How did you do?

!


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Learn the principal forms ofrise and raise below.

PRESENT PAST PAST PRESENT

PARTICIPLE

rise rose risen rising

raise raised raised raising

Riseor any form of it = intransitiveand cannot take a direct object.

Example: The sun rises.

He rose at dawn.

The boy has risen.Tom is rising.

Raise or any form of it = transitiveand will take a direct object.

Example: I raise the box.

He raised the box.

She has raised the box.

I am raising the box.

Special Note: One raises animals and things but rears children.


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WHAT TO DO!

Write thecorrect word in theblank+ a short reason for your choice.

Example: sub V-t DOI raised the box (from the floor) rose - raised

raised Reason -- Use raised because box = a direct object.

Speaking: I = the subject,

raised = the verb,

from the floor, a prepositional phrase.

Raise is not linking, but it is transitive followed by box, a direct object. Use raised

because box = the direct object.

~~ You try a few ~~

2.In the morning I _______ from bed raise - rise

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

3.She _________ at ten o'clock. rose - raised

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________


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4.He was _______ the axe. rising - raising

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

5.She had _______ early. risen - raised

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

6.The janitor _______ the flag. rose - raised

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

7.You should _____ now. rise - raise

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________


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8.We ___________ the cover off the can. rose - raised

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

9.l am ______ early each day. raising - rising

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

10. Tom __________ his band. rose - raised

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

11.A bird ________ into the air. raised - rose

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________


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12.Jean has ______ from bed. risen - raised

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

13.He is _______ the boat from the water. rising - raising

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

14.Doreen ____________ the flower pot. rose - raised

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

15.The men______ . rose - raised

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________


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16.He ______ at dawn. raised - rose

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

How did you do?

!


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WHAT TO DO!

Apply your method.

Write the

Formal Usage in the

blank+ a short reason for your choice.

subsubject V-t = transitive verb DODirect Object Adv- Adverb

Example: sub V-t DO Adv

She lay the book there. lie - lay

lay Reason -- Use lay because there is a direct object book.

Speaking: She = the subject

lay = the verb.There is no prepositional phrase.

The verb is not linking,but it = transitive followed by book a direct object.

There is a where adverb.

Use lay because there is a direct object, book.

~~ You try a few ~~

2.We _____ his hat on the table yesterday. lay - laid

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


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3.I am ______ on the floor. laying - lying

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

4.Tim had _______ there for an hour. laid - lain

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

5.She has _______ her purse on the dresser. laid - lain

_______ Reason -- ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

6.Tommy will ______ on the floor. lay - lie

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________


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7.We shall now _____ down. lie - lay

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

8.He ______ the paper there last night. lay - laid

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

9.June _______ in bed until noon. laid - lay

_______ Reason -- ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

10.John _____ there by his coat. lay - laid

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________


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11.We were ____ in bed. lying - laying

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

12.Today Tom______ his fishing pole down. lay - laid

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

13.Mother ____ her hat by mine yesterday. laid - lay

_______ Reason -- ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

How did you do?

!


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Note: These are 5 (five) couplets

Can ~~ May

Teach ~~ Learn

Bring ~~ Take

Let ~~ leave/Left

Accept ~~ Except

which are often confusing to people.

Can means able.Maymeans asking or receiving permission.

Example: I can open the door.May I leave the room? You may.

Teachmeans giving information

Learnmeans receiving information.

Example: He is teaching me about birds.I have learned about animals.

Bring or broughtmeans that the action = toward one.

Take or tookthat the action is away.

Example: Bring me that book.

He took the book home.


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Let means to allow.Leave or leftto depart or go away.

Example: She has let me do it. The boy will leave by himself.

Accept means to receive.Except to omit or excuse.

Example: She has accepted my gift. He was excepted from going.

WHAT TO DO!

Apply your method.

Write theCorrect Form in theblank+ a short reason for your choice.

Example: May I go with you? Can - May

May Reason -- Use may for permission. _____________________________

___________________________________________________

~~ You try a few ~~

2.I ______ life that rock easily. may - can

______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

3.She will ________ school next year. teach - learn

______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

4.The students ______ about foreign lands. taught - learned

______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________


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5.Will you now _____ me to your teacher? bringtake

______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

6._______ that pencil to me. Bring - Take

______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

7.Mother will ________ us in the house. leave - let

______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

8.______ it alone. leave - let

______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

9.The students have ______ the numbers. taught - learned

______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

10.June______ my invitation. excepted - accepted

______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

11.______ I leave the room? You _____ CAN - MAYcan - may______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

________ ___________________________________________________

12.He _____ me about it. learned - taught

______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________


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13.Everyone went _______ me. accept - except

______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

14.Will you _______ my gift? accept - except

______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

15.I ______ him into the room. left - let

______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

16.The boy ______ the book from his desk and gave it to his teacher. brought - took

______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

17.He _____ work hard at times. can - may

______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

18.They shall the facts. exceptaccept

______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

How did you do?

!


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, , .

Note:

Ought-- had ought

In formal usage, avoid had + ought.

Example:

Formal: I ought to go.

Non-standard: I had ought to go.

Avoid the use of disremember.Example:

Formal:I do not remember the place.

Non-standard: I disrememberthe place.

Also one may use forgot.Example: I forgot the place.

Got- has got

Although have got or has got is widely used, avoidhave+ gotsince they both mean the same thing,

and an expression likehave got = a redundancy,

or using more words than you need.


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Avoid the use of done in for cheated.Example:

Formal:I was cheated by him.

Non-standard: I was done in by him.

WHAT TO DO!

Apply your method.

Write thePreferred Form in theblank+ a short reason for your choice.

Example: You oughtto do your lesson. ought - had ought

ought Reason -- I had ought is non-standard. ________________________________________________________________________

~~ You try a few ~~

2.I ________________his address. disremember - do not remember

_____ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

3.John _______ the pencil. has - has got

_____ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

4.The boys knew they_______ to get up. had ought - ought

_____ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________


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5.She ___________________the answer. did not remember - disremembered

_____ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

6.The problem boy _______ his just reward. got - has got

_____ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

7.We were______ by the grocer. cheated - done in

_____ Reason -- ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

8.They _______ the instructions. did not remember - disremembered

_____ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

9.I ________ many pleasant memories. have got - have

_____ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

10.You _____ to try harder. ought - had ought

_____ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

11.John __________ to bring the lantern. disremembered - did not remember

_____ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

12.They were ________ several times. done in - cheated

_____ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________


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13.They _______ to learn that lesson. have - have got

_____ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

14.His faults were easily_____________. disremembered - forgotten

_____ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

15.We _________ the necessary points. have - have got

_____ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

16. Jerry knew that he _______to leave soon. ought - had ought

_____ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

17.I _______________ the facts of the case. do not remember - disremember

_____ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

18.Tim my book. has - has got

_____ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

19.She was __________at the store. cheated - done in

_____ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

How did you do?

!


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(THIRD PERSON)

Is=singularand requires a singular subject.

Are=pluraland requires aplural subject.

Example: She is my friend. They are my friends.

Was =singularand requires a singular subject.

Were =pluraland requires aplural subject..

Example: He was a man. They were too bold.

Does =singularand requires a singular subject.

Do=pluraland requires aplural subject.

Example: She does her work well. They do work every day.

Has=singularand requires a singular subject.

Have=pluraland requires aplural subject.

Example: It has green leaves. We have told you about it.


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Special Note:

Sings and othersverbs are usually singular; sing is plural.

Example: He sings at his work. They sing very well.

WHAT TO DO!

Apply your method.

Write theword in theblank+ a short reason for your choice.

sub = subject V-t = transitive verb DO = direct object

Example: sub V-t DO

His dog hasbroken his leg. have-has

has Reason ~~ Use has which is singular because dog = singular.

Speaking: Dog = the subject; has broken = the verb. There are no prepositional phrases. The

verb is not linking, but it is transitive followed by leg, the direct object.

~~ You try a few ~~

2.Jack and Alice _____ well. sings - sing

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________


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3.The boys ____ their work well. does - do

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

4.He _____ here for an hour. was - were

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

5.They ____ small children. is - are

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

6.John _____ at home. plays - play

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________


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7.He ____ at the bridge. was - were

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

8.Jim ____ three cars of his own. has - have

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

9.He and she ___ rope every day. jumps - jump

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

10.Edward ____ with us this afternoon. were - was

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________


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11.Jack my youngest brother. are - is

_______ Reason -- ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Speaking: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

12.We a new house. has - have

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

13.Bud _____ about your work. knows - know

_______ Reason -- ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

14.Jack _________ me flowers each morning. bring - brings

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________


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15.Bill ___ eaten his pie. has - have

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

16.They ____ about the accident. knows - know

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

17.The men ____ asked about us. hashave

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

!

!


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Note:Prepositional phrases often occur between the subject and the verb.

Do notconfuse the object of a preposition with the simple subject.

sub = subject LV = linked verb PN = Predicate Noun

sub LV PN

Example: One (of the boys) is my brother.

Reason - Use is which = singular, because the subject = singular.

Speaking - boys, the object the preposition of, does not determine whether the

verb = singular or plural.

Special Note: Sometimes there will be more than one prepositional phrase betweenthe subject and the verb.

sub = subject VIindependent verb

sub VI

Example: A pencil (of mine) (with an eraser) was taken from my desk.

Reason - Use was which = singular because the simple subject pencil =singular.

WHAT TO DO!

Apply your method.

Write theCorrect verb in theblank+ a short reason for your choice.


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sub LV PN

1. The boy (between us) was Jim. waswere

__was__ ReasonUse was which = singular because boy = singular.

Speaking - was which is singular because boy is singular. boy = the subject; was = the

verb. between us = a prepositional phrase. was = linking verb, followed

by Jim, a predicate noun.

~~ You try a few ~~

2.Several of them ____in the room. was - were

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: ________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

3.The man with the pictures of the accident _____ Joe. was - were

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: ________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

4. The boy in the car ___ a new hat. has - have

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: ________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________


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5.Stories of adventure ___ thrill me. does - do

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: ________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

6.The book about them ______ placed on the shelf. was - were

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: ________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

7.A movie about patriots ____ shown. werewas

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________Speaking: ________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

8.The girl with the boys ____ well. play - plays

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: ________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________


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9.A pencil of mine ______ on the desk. stand - stands

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: ________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

10.Our part in these plays of yours _____ good reading. make - makes

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: ________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

11.Many of them not true. Is - are

_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: ________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

12.Few of the children in the room candy. wants - want_______ Reason -- _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Speaking: ________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

dr. roy's everything grammar part ii

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