dr. rose mary francies associate professor department of...
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KERALA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITYCOLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE
VELLANIKKARA, THRISSUR 680 656, INDIA
Dr. Rose Mary FranciesAssociate Professor
Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics
S. INDIA
KERALA
““KeraKera”” -- CoconutsCoconuts
KERALAKERALA
North Latitude: 8North Latitude: 8OO 1818’’ –– 1212OO 4848’’
East Longitude Latitude: 74East Longitude Latitude: 74OO 5252’’ –– 7777OO 2222’’
ElevationElevation : 1 m below MSL (Kuttanad) : 1 m below MSL (Kuttanad)
to > 750 m above MSLto > 750 m above MSL
Annual Rainfall : 2203mm Annual Rainfall : 2203mm –– 3584mm 3584mm
( 3228mm average)( 3228mm average)
Population Population : Total 3,33,87,677: Total 3,33,87,677
Sex RatioSex Ratio : 1000:1084 : 1000:1084
Literates Literates : Total 2,82,34,227: Total 2,82,34,227
KERALAKERALA
‘‘GODS OWN COUNTRYGODS OWN COUNTRY’’
LAND OF SPICES & COCONUTSLAND OF SPICES & COCONUTS
LAND OF LAND OF DIVERSITYDIVERSITY
Geographic diversity
Diversity in Architecture
Diversity- art forms
Traditional food – Sadya
Red RicePulsesVegetablesDiary-Curd based currysFruit-Bananas
Agro-biodiversity
Kerala lies between 8o
to 12o N latitude and 74o to 77o E longitude with a length of 590 km along the coast
REPRESENTATIVE OF HUMID TROPICS
KERALA
Arabian sea
Thrissur
TamilNadu
FOUR PHYSIOGRAPHIC FOUR PHYSIOGRAPHIC DIVISIONSDIVISIONS
LOW LANDLOW LAND-- < 7.5m above MSL and areas < 7.5m above MSL and areas below MSL; 10 % of land areabelow MSL; 10 % of land area
MID LAND MID LAND --7.5 to 75m above MSL;42% land area7.5 to 75m above MSL;42% land area
HIGH LAND HIGH LAND --7575-- 750 m above 750 m above MSL; 41% land areaMSL; 41% land area
HIGH RANGESHIGH RANGES-- 750m above MSL ;750m above MSL ; 7% of land area7% of land area
COLLEGE OF HORTICULTUREVELLANIKKARA, THRISSUR
TeachingResearchExtension
Thrissur-Central Zone
Area under rice: 3.49 Lakh hac
Production : 7.71 Lakh Tonnes/annum
Productivity : 2203kg/ha
Rice in Kerala
Myself – Rice breeder
Research projects involved in:
• Genetic conservation of rice germplasm - collection, maintenance, catalouging and evaluation.
• Conservation of genetic diversity of rice in Kerala
(Wild sp/ Land races/ improved land races / elite lines / hybrid derivatives)
1000 rice lines – IRRI (1976)NATP on Bio-diversity (1999-2002)
KAU,VellanikkaraKAU,VellanikkaraNat. Seminar. 29Nat. Seminar. 29thth Oct Oct 20092009
Traditional rice Traditional rice wealth of Keralawealth of Kerala
Array of ecological Array of ecological nichesniches
Vast diversity of Vast diversity of germplasmgermplasm
Deep water rice Upland rice
Lowland rice
KAU,VellanikkaraKAU,VellanikkaraNat. Seminar. 29Nat. Seminar. 29thth Oct Oct 20092009
Spectrum of diversity in RiceSpectrum of diversity in Rice
KAU,VellanikkaraKAU,VellanikkaraNat. Seminar. 29Nat. Seminar. 29thth Oct Oct 20092009
Drought tolerant ricesDrought tolerant rices
Parapilarppan, Kochuvithu, Kattamodan, Karuthamodan,Arimodan,KarimodanK aravala, Karanellu/Erinellu, Vykatharyan, Chuvannavattan, Veluthavattan,Parambuvattan.
Salinity Tolerant ricesPokkali, Oorumundakan, Eravapandy, Orpandy ,
Orkayama, Chettivirippu, Cheruvirippu, Kuruka , Anakodan, Kuthiruvithu, Mundon etc.
Deep water riceKuttadan, Kodiyan, Vellathil Cheera,
Vellathil Kolappala, VellamThangi, Thavalakkannan, Vellakkoli, Karuthakoli
Rice varieties resistant to pests Rice varieties resistant to pests and diseasesand diseases
Thekkan, Eravappanndy, Orpandy, Thekkancheera,Veluthacheera, Vellathilcheera,Karivennel, Kochuvithu, Arikkirai, Chitteni
Commercial possibilities of Commercial possibilities of traditional rice varietiestraditional rice varieties
Medicinal RicesMedicinal Rices
Health RicesHealth Rices
Diabetic ricesDiabetic rices
Quality rices for Quality rices for specific purposesspecific purposes
(Breakfast cereals(Breakfast cerealsSpecial foods etc)Special foods etc)
Scented ricesScented rices
Navara & Chennellu are the known Navara & Chennellu are the known traditional medicinal rice varieties traditional medicinal rice varieties in Kerala in Kerala
USED WIDELY IN AYURVEDAUSED WIDELY IN AYURVEDA AND SOME HOME REMEDIESAND SOME HOME REMEDIES
BUT NOT KNOWN TO THE BUT NOT KNOWN TO THE SCIENTIFIC WORLDSCIENTIFIC WORLD
PRODUCED IN SMALLER PRODUCED IN SMALLER QUANTIESQUANTIES
USED IN A HIGHLY LOCALISED USED IN A HIGHLY LOCALISED MANNERMANNER
GENETIC PURITY AND SEED GENETIC PURITY AND SEED QUALITY POORLY QUALITY POORLY MAINTAINEDMAINTAINED AT ON FARM AT ON FARM
KAU,VellanikkaraKAU,VellanikkaraNat. Seminar. 29Nat. Seminar. 29thth Oct Oct 20092009
Intervention of KAUIntervention of KAU GenotypicGenotypic studiesstudies
Clearly distinguished cultivars existsClearly distinguished cultivars exists
GoldenGolden--yellow glumes (NAVARA Yellow) & black yellow glumes (NAVARA Yellow) & black glumed (NAVARA BLACK). glumed (NAVARA BLACK).
Within the cultivar Within the cultivar there are two different there are two different forms forms --
awned & awnless..awned & awnless..
Lesser known Medicinal Rices of Lesser known Medicinal Rices of KeralaKerala
Kunjinellu Kunjinellu
Erumakkari, KamaalErumakkari, Kamaal
Karuthachambavu Karuthachambavu
Jathisuggi ,KolaranJathisuggi ,Kolaran
KavunginpoothalaKavunginpoothala
Challenges in Commercialisation of Medicinal rices
Genetic purification and Quality seed supply
Need for productivity enhancement (Very low yield )
Chemical/ Biochemical analysis of varieties
Attempts in Clinical validation
Value addition and Product development
Market survey and Networking
Training and Capacity building
Health RicesHealth Rices
The red rice varieties The red rice varieties of Kerala have thicker of Kerala have thicker pericarp and are pericarp and are believed to contain believed to contain higher amounts of higher amounts of minerals and vitamins minerals and vitamins ((B vitamins thiamin, riboflavin and B vitamins thiamin, riboflavin and niacin)niacin). .
FibreFibre--richrich
KAU,VellanikkaraKAU,VellanikkaraNat. Seminar. 29Nat. Seminar. 29thth Oct Oct 20092009
Red rice vs White riceRed rice vs White rice
Type of rice Protein (g/100g)
Iron (mg/100g)
Zinc (mg/100g)
Fibre (g/100g)
White – polished*
6.8 1.2 0.5 0.6
Brown* 7.9 2.2 0.5 2.8
Red** 7.0 5.5 3.3 2.0
Purple** 8.3 3.9 2.2 1.4
Black* 8.5 3.5 - 4.9
Sources: * = Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)food composition table; ** = Chinese food composition table
Breakfast itemsBreakfast items
Thekkan( Beaten Rice /Aval)Thekkan( Beaten Rice /Aval)
Kavunginpoothala Kavunginpoothala (Puffed Rice/ Rajbhogha)(Puffed Rice/ Rajbhogha)
Diabetic Rice
Kavunginpoothala
Navara
Jeerakasala, Gandasala, Velumbala, Chomala, Pookkulathari, Neycheera, Kothampalari kayamaKayama
Scented rices
1.1. Identify NAVARA and such profitable Identify NAVARA and such profitable cultivars as the Flagship varieties to cultivars as the Flagship varieties to protect paddy fieldsprotect paddy fields
2.2. Strengthen community level rice Strengthen community level rice cultivars cultivars ‘‘On farmOn farm’’ conservationconservation
3.3. Improve these variety and make more Improve these variety and make more acceptable for wider useacceptable for wider use
4.4. Study the socialStudy the social--economic and socioeconomic and socio-- cultural context of cultivation and cultural context of cultivation and utilisation of Speciality ricesutilisation of Speciality rices
The Strategies and Actions for commercialization of NAVARA & Other Traditional Rices
-What KAU is trying to do …….
6.6. Do Genetic purification and Do Genetic purification and Quality seed supplyQuality seed supply
7.7. Establish community level seed Establish community level seed banks for Navara rice cultivarsbanks for Navara rice cultivars
8.8. Legal protection through relevant Legal protection through relevant ActsActs
9.9. Undertake attempts in Clinical Undertake attempts in Clinical validationvalidation
10.10. Undertake Chemical/ Biochemical Undertake Chemical/ Biochemical analysis of varietiesanalysis of varieties
What KAU is trying to do …….
What KAU is trying to do What KAU is trying to do …………..
11.11. Do Value addition and ProductDo Value addition and Productdevelopment development
12.12. Undertake Market survey and Undertake Market survey and Networking Networking
13.13. Build partnerships between Build partnerships between Scientists, Farmers, Healers, Scientists, Farmers, Healers, Rice based entrepreneurs & Rice based entrepreneurs & policy makerspolicy makers
Other projects involved
•Evolving high yielding multiple resistant rice varieties through gene pyramiding
Rice- Gene Pyramiding to develop cultivarswith durable resistance to Bacterial LeafBlight through Marker - assisted selection
RKVY Project (A):
Strengthening of Food security via Farmer/ Student Participatory Seed ProductionProgramme in Rice
RKVY Sub-Project (B):Performance assessment of Varieties and Cultures of paddy suitable for Uplands
Rice- Gene Pyramiding to develop cultivarswith durable resistance to Bacterial LeafBlight through Marker - assisted selection