dr mariann lloyd-smith talk

7/28/2019 Dr Mariann Lloyd-Smith Talk

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Contact :

Dr Mariann Lloyd-Smith PhD (Law)

Senior Advisor, National Toxics Network Inc. / IPEN

[email protected]

www.ntn.org.auwww.facebook.com/ntn

Unconven'onalGas:SharedEnvironmentalHealthConcerns


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Shared Environmental Health Concerns

Water

contamination of aquifers / bores, release of waste water aquifer draw down / water equityChemicals - identity - quantities - mixtures

fracking & drilling fluidsAir pollution - flaring, venting, leaks

VOCsCFC ozone depletors

methane - greenhouse gasesWastes - drilling muds, salts


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UNEP Global Environmental Alert 2012

Unconventional gas exploitation and production may have

unavoidable environmental impacts. Some risks result if thetechnology is not used adequately, but others will occur despite

proper use of technology.

GHG emissionswater resources / contaminationnegative impacts on public health(air pollution, soil contaminants, noise)

biodiversity - land clearancefood supply - competition for land,

water resources, soil pollution


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Fracking and Drilling Toxic Chemicals :

Sodium Persulfate - sensitizer, rashes/eczema, irritate eyes, long-term exposureaffect lung function

2-Butoxyethanol- high doses reproductive problems, birth defects, red blood cells,

high mobility, low degradation, contaminate aquifers

Ethylene Glycol - irritate eyes, nose & throat, respiratory toxicant, increased risks of

spontaneous abortion, birth defects in animals

Acrylic Copolymers - Haliburtons patent - 85% acrylonitrile, carcinogen

Guar Gum - industrial GG / pentachlorophenol contaminants

Methanol - CNS depression, headache, dizziness, nausea, lack of coordination

Naphthalene - IARC possible human carcinogen, US reasonably anticipated to be

human carcinogen, cataracts, workers urine

Isopropanol - repro. toxin, CNS, degenerative brain changes in rats

Formamide -birth defects in animals, CNS, harmful by inhalation & skin

Glutaraldehyde - respiratory toxin, induced occupational asthma, mutagenBrominated biocides - irritants, sensitizers, very toxic to aquatic organisms

Ethoxylated 4-nonylphenol-persistent, bioaccumulative, endocrine disruptor, breast

cancer in mice, EU very toxic to aquatic organisms


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Natural contaminants released by UG Activities:

BTEX - benzene (carcinogen) toluene (neurotoxin), ethylbenzene, xylene

Volatile & semi volatile organic compounds - many toxic, carcinogens,

asthma, help form fine particle pollution / ozone

Heavy metals - cadmium, lead, chromium

NORMs - naturally occurring radioactive substances

eg thorium, uranium, radium,radon - WHO no safe level of exposure

Flaring - hydrogen sulfide, methane, BTEX,

mercury, arsenic, chromium, dioxin

-USEPAbana;er2015-

Salts - 5-8 tonnes per ML CSG produce water

QGC - 4.6 million tonnes SE Qld


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Exposure Pathways and Practices :

Produce water - CSG0.1 - 0.8 ML day / Shale 300 - 4,500 litres /day

heavy metals, NORMs, fracking/drilling fluids, BTEX, VOCsponds, dust suppression,reinjection/ partial treatment & releasefarmers reuse with no liabilityHydraulic fracturing - unintentional fractures / aquifer mixing, blowouts,

leaks, spills, flowback

Landfill - salts, other wastes/radioactive wastes

Land spraying of drilling muds

Venting of gases eg compressors

Fugitive emissions - drilling, flowback

- through soil -Flaring

Transport / equipment VOCs, Nox

dust /particulates


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CSG Treated Waste Water Permit :

Chemicalcompound

Releaserate/day

Total(releaseratex20MLx547.5days/18months)

BPA 200g/ML 2,298KG(2.298tonnes)

Bromide 7,000g/ML 76,650KG(76.65tonnes)

TotalChlorobenzenes 1,840g/ML 20,148KG(20.148tonnes)

Monochloramine 3,000g/ML 32,850KG(32.85tonnes)Nitrate 50,000g/ML 5,475,000KG(5,475tonnes)

Uranium 20g/ML 219KG

Toluene 800g/ML 8,760KG(8.76tonnes)

Xylene 600g/ML 6,570KG(6.57tonnes)

Ethylbenzene 300g/ML 3,285KG(3.285tonnes)Benzene 1g/ML 10.95KG

Cyanide 80g/ML 876KG

Lead 10g/ML 109.5KG


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Impacts on water :

US EPA 2011 - 23 drinking water wells in Pavilion Wyoming - compounds

associated with hydraulic fracturing from shale gas contaminated aquifer at

or below the depths used for domestic water supply

Queensland - BTEX in 5/14 monitoring water bores

benzene at 6-15 times Aust. Drinking Water (Arrow Energy Media Release 2011)Well-head 24 hours afterfracked- bromoform, chloroform,bromodichloromethane, benzene, zinc, chromium, copper, nickel

(Lloyd-Smith & Senjen 2012)

private drinking water bore -toluene, methane(Simtars Investigation of Kogan Water Bore 2012 )

Methane in US drinking-water wells

within 1 km of shale gas wellup to 60 times - 64mg/l

(US National AcademyScience)


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12 month US shale study - 44 hazardous air pollutants eg methylene

chloride, formaldehyde, naphthalene, highest during initial drilling

(Colborn et al 2012)

Queensland Tara gas fields Methane 6.89 ppm /


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US Risk Assessment shale air emissions - living 1/2 mile higher risks for

respiratory & neurological effects, excess lifetime cancer risk

(McKenzie 2012)

Queensland Tara Community - 60% 38 households 65 adults, 48 children

skin & eye irritation, rashes, severe headaches, nose bleeds, chest pain,

paraesthesia (tingling, numbness)

some evidence that might associate some residents symptoms to

exposures to airborne CSG contaminants(Qld.Govt.Health Report 2013)

Chinchilla 2011 - noxious odours, breathing difficulties

Pennsylvannia USA 2012 - 70 resident surveys

nasal & throat irritation (60%) eyes burning (53%),

shortness of breath (52%) difficulty breathing (41%),

severe headaches (51%) frequent nausea (39%)

skin irritation (38%) skin rashes (37%)dizziness (34%) sinus problems (58%)

- pets & livestock - seizures, hair loss, death -

(Bamberger et al 2012) (Earthworks 2012)


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17 children 0-5 years - rashes (11) eye irritation (11) cough (5)

twitching / unusual movements (6)poor colour/blueness of mouth or limbs (6)blood from the nose (9)headaches (8)tingling/numbness/ pins and needles (5)

Symptomatology of a gas field - An independent

health survey in the Tara rural residential estates

and environs April 2013

Dr Geralyn McCarron MB BCh BAO FRACGP


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Thankyou for listening


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LocktheGateCoali'on

Mining companies special rights to force landowners to arbitration &

court to get access but do not have the right to enter locked gate

Plenty v. Dillon (1991) 171 CLR 635

Lock the Gate Strategy

powerful form of resistance make it costly, difficult, time consuming licenses surrendered /moratoriums2km exclusion zone 2 companies pull out

Gasfield Free Communities

LockthegateLocktheroadProtecttheregion

If a single landowner refuses access, mining company can either forceaccess or gain access to neighbouring properties

When hundreds of landowners refuse access, company is faced with

rapidly diminishing return if they try to force access into community.


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StrangeBedfellows-LocktheGateCoaliHon

-fastestgrowingsocialmovementinAustralia-

Affected Communities / individual residents Farmers / Farming associations /Agricultural businesses Civil Society Organisations / resident associations State, national, international NGOs Indigenous peoplesAcademics Country Womens Association Fishers /Oyster growers Tourism organisations/ business Health professionalsAnimal groups GetUP Media eg shock jocks

NO SOCIAL LICENSE


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The CSG Free Community Strategy

Annie Kia -Lock the Gate Northern Rivers

Communityengagement


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1. SEED MEETING

2. PROMOTE

3. KNOW YOUR

ROAD, SUBURB

VILLAGE

4. PUBLIC MEETING

5. KIT & SURVEY

6. GATHER IN

7. DECLARATIONS


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Doyouwantyourroads/landsGasfieldfree?

TOTAL YES NO NOTSURE % N roads

The Channon 432 429 2 1 99.3% 20

Dunoon 341 336 2 3 98.5% 14

Modanville 311 301 2 8 96.8% 13

Goolmangar/Coffee Camp 333 323 1 9 97.0% 12

Dorroughby 199 194 1 5 97.5% 7

Eltham 187 183 2 2 97.9% 16

Jiggi 334 323 0 11 96.7% 17

North Lismore 284 264 3 17 93.0% 22

Rock Valley 370 357 3 10 96.5% 17

Ewingar 150 146 0 4 97.3% 10

Tyalgum 277 271 1 5 97.8% 36

Crystal Creek 266 254 2 10 95.5% 11

Kunghur/Mt Burrell/Doon Doon 359 346 2 11 96.4% 16

Burringbar/Crabbes Creek/Mooball 459 452 3 4 98.5% 25

Uki 639 618 3 18 96.7% 32

Nimbin1445 1429 0 16 98.9%

42Clunes 398 386 3 9 97.0% 17

Rosebank 311 307 1 3 98.7% 21

Whian Whian 103 101 0 2 98.1% 4

TOTAL 7198 7020 31 148 97.5% 352


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Signs & banners


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Ceremony


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STAGE 2 - Prepare for non violent direct action

Our actions are non violent but non negotiable


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Thankyou for listening


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Living in a pollution-free world is

a basic human right

those who pollute violate human rights fundamental right to life

threatened by exposures to toxic chemicals, hazardous wastes,contaminated drinking water

HR cant be secured in degraded or polluted environment

-United Nations Human Rights Council UNHRC 2001

Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People 2007.right to traditional foods (uncontaminated)

Convention on the Rights of the Child1989

right to health, food & clean water

Unconventional Gas threatens HR


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Cuadrilla UK Report highly probable fracking triggered the recordedseismic events, specific geology coupled with pressure exerted by

water injection.

Fracking may alter in situ stress state changing the propensity of existing

fractures to open or faults to slip.

Injection of large volumes of pressurised water at depth cannot control

the type of fractures that are created or reactivated

Massive extraction of groundwater helped unleash an earthquake in

southeastern Spain last year that killed nine people, injured at least100 and left thousands homeless

- 5.1 magnitude, May 2011 - evidence of subterranean subsidence fromwater extraction, aquifer fell 250m, causing part of crust to break


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Unconventional sources like shale / CSG more energy intensive

Jiang et al 2011 - omitted exploration, post production, liquifying, H20

treatment, uncertainties eg flaring

Howarth et al 2011

up to 7.9% of the methane from shale-gas production escapes via ventingor leaks30% more than conventional gas

Hardisty et al 2012 - 20 year GWP / CSG = coal

US NOAA 2012 - 4% methane to atmosphere

Natural gas obtained by hydraulic fracturing may

contribute significantly to GHG emissions


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Limits of Water Treatment :

Reverse Osmosis

cant remove many chemicals. eg,naphthalene, nonylphenol,methanol, trichloroethylene, ethylene glycol, bromoform, chloroform,

dichloroacetic acid, trichloroethylene

Treated Produced Water Release Permit

20 ML per day for 18 months, 80 chemicals + radionucleides mixture of persistent, bioaccumulative, toxic many halogenated eg bromochloracetonitrile bromochloromethane, chlorobenzenes,

chlorophenols, monochloramine

trichloroacetic acid, 2,4,5-trichlorophenol,

2,4-dichlorophenol


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CSG Waste Water Permit :

Chemicalcompound

Releaserate/day

Total(releaseratex20MLx547.5days/18months)

BPA 200g/ML 2,298KG(2.298tonnes)

Bromide 7,000g/ML 76,650KG(76.65tonnes)

TotalChlorobenzenes 1,840g/ML 20,148KG(20.148tonnes)

Monochloramine 3,000g/ML 32,850KG(32.85tonnes)Nitrate 50,000g/ML 5,475,000KG(5,475tonnes)

Uranium 20g/ML 219KG

Toluene 800g/ML 8,760KG(8.76tonnes)

Xylene 600g/ML 6,570KG(6.57tonnes)

Ethylbenzene 300g/ML 3,285KG(3.285tonnes)

Benzene 1g/ML 10.95KG

Cyanide 80g/ML 876KG

Lead 10g/ML 109.5KG


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dr mariann lloyd-smith talk

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