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Kingdom AnimaliaClassification Projec
Arionna Mejia
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Phylum Porifera (Sponges)
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Types of Organisms
Sponges
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Sponge Information
Symmetry: No definite symmetry
Reproduction: Sexually and asexually
Tissues: They do not have tissues, they only have types of specialize
Sponges are sessile. This means that they are unable to move from whattached.
I find it interesting that sponges are one of the most ancient groups o
animals.
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Phylum Cnidaria
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Types of Organisms
Jellyfish Coral
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Cnidaria Information
Symmetry: Radial
Reproduction: Sexual and Asexual
Purpose of tentacles: Tentacles help with nematocysts, because th
are stuff through the animal’s mouth into the gastrovascular cavity.
Cnidarians are interesting because they have mesoglea - a jellylike m
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Medusa vs. Polyp
Medusa:
Umbrella shaped
Mouth and tentacles under
Polyp:
Cylindrical tubes
Mouth and tentac
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Phylum Platyhelminthes (Flatworm
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Flatworm Information
Symmetry: Bilateral
Reproduction: Regeneration/Hermaphrodite
Acoelomate: An invertebrate lacking coelom
Cephalization: The concentration of sense organs and nervous conanterior end of the body, forming a head and a brain.
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Flatworm Information Continued
Gastrovascular Cavity: Responsible for both the digestion of food
transport of nutrients throughout the body. The cavity has only one o
food goes in and waste comes out at the same opening.
There is no circulatory system because of their shape. They can move
their cells by diffusion, so all their cells must be close to the outside e
These animals are interesting because they move oxygen to their cell
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Flukes
● Parasites that feed on the body fluids of other animals● Mouth with a pharynx that opens into a gut cavity
● Life cycles involve more than one host
● Cause schistosomiasis
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Planarians
● Free-living, nonparasitic flatworms
● Have a head with eyespots and a simple brain built of a cluster o
● Mouth is found on the animal’s ventral surface rather than in its
leads to a gut cavity
● Hunt for food using chemoreceptors to detect odors in the water
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Tapeworms
● Parasites that live in vertebrate guts
● Small head with suckers or hooks used to attach to the host
● No gut, they absorb nutrients from the digested food in which th
● They have segments with both male and female sexual organs
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Phylum Rotifera
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Types of Organisms
Plankton. There are between 1,500 and 2,000 species of Rotifera
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Rotifera Information
Symmetry: Bilateral
Reproduction: Sexual
They have a pseudocoelomate body plan. This means they have a pseu
which is a body cavity of certain invertebrate metazoan animals betwe
wall and the intestine, which is not lined with a mesodermal epitheliu
These animals are interesting because they have a well developed cuti
either gives them a box-like shape or a worm-like shape.
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Phylum Nematoda
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Types of Organisms - Roundworms
Hookworms Pin Worms Guin
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Nematoda Information
Symmetry: Bilateral
Reproduction: Sexual
Body Plan: Cylindrical, with a blunt head and a tapered tail. Covered with a
that lies over a layer of muscle. Muscle is laid out lengthwise.
Alimentary Canal: A tube containing specialized digestive organs. They havopenings - a mouth and an anus.
Lack of circulatory system - they use diffusion.
They are interesting because they are part of the group Ecdysozoa, which inclu
arthropods crustaceans, spiders, and insects.
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Trichinosis
Roundworms (Trichinella Spiralis) cause Trichinosis.
Transmission: Eating raw or undercooked pork.
Symptoms: Abdominal discomfort, Nausea, Diarrhea, Vomiting, Fa
Treatment: Mebendazole or albendazole
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Phylum Mollusca
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Gastropoda
Includes snails, nudibranchs, abalones, and limpets.
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Pelecypoda
Includes Clams, oysters, mussels, and scallops.
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Cephalopoda
Includes squid, octopuses, nautiluses, and cuttlefish.
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Scaphopoda
A.K.A. Tusk Shells.
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Polyplacophora
A.K.A. Chitons.
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Aplacophora
Includes small wormlike animals that do not have shells.
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Tryblidia
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Mollusca Information
Symmetry: Bilateral
Reproduction: Hermaphrodites/Cross-Fertilization
Body Plan: Radula - A filelike feeding organ. Mantle - An area of tis
the internal organs. Ctenidia - Flat gills found in a pocket of the mant
called the mantle cavity.
Circulatory System: Hemocoel - Spaces between cells within the a
tissues. Extends into a large muscular foot.
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Mollusca Information Continued
Excretion: Undigested food becomes a solid waste that is eliminateanus as feces. Another form of waste removal for mollusks is Cellular
which produces nitrogen-containing waste in the form of ammonia. T
ammonia is removed through the body fluids. The mollusks use a sim
shaped organ called the nephridia to eliminate the ammonia from the
and to the outside.
I find it interesting that there are so many different classes and types
wide variety. I wonder why so little is known about Tryblidia.
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Mollusk Bodies
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Phylum Annelida
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Types of Organisms
Earthworms Marine Worms L
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Annelida Information
Symmetry: Bilateral
Reproduction: Asexual or Sexual
Body Plan: Segmented body - meaning they have repeated sections
a complex set of body structures. A typical annelid segment contains
digestive tract, nerve cord, and blood vessels that carry blood to the wtissues. They also have coelom, which is a fluid filled space that is co
surrounded by muscle.
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Annelida Information Continued
Digestive System: Consists of an unsegmented gut that runs throuof the body from the mouth, located on the underside of the head, to
Circulatory System: Closed circulatory system.
Nervous System: The nervous system typically consists of a primit
ganglionic mass, located in the head region, connected by a ring of ne ventral nerve cord that runs the length of the body; the cord gives ris
nerves and ganglia in each segment.
These animals are interesting because they are the first to have segm
coelom.
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Phylum Arthropoda
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Trilobites
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Crustaceans
Includes Huge King crabs and lobsters, copepods, barnacles, and arm bugs.
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Chelicerates
Includes horseshoe crabs, scorpions, spiders, mites, ticks, and sea sco(extinct).
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Insects
Includes ants, bees, butterflies, moths, cockroaches, flies, mosquitoes
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Myriapods
Centipedes and Millipedes
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Arthropoda Information
Symmetry: Bilateral Symmetry
Reproduction: Sexual
Body Plan: Exoskeletons made of chitin. Jointed appendages. Segm
Exoskeleton: External skeleton that supports the animal’s tissues a
gravity. It is made of chitin that is arranged in layers. It is very strong
the animal from predators. It cannot grow with animals, so it must sh
exoskeleton and reform a new one in order to get bigger.
Circulatory System: Open circulatory system.
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Arthropoda Information Continued
Organs used for gas exchange: Highly vascularized gills
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Incomplete Metamorphosis
Direct development. They look like miniature adults when they hatchimmature insects are often called nymphs. They have six legs and a h
and abdomen, but they do not have wings or sex organs. Nymphs get
each molt, but only grow wings and sexual organs during the later mo
Ex: Grasshoppers and Cockroaches.
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Complete Metamorphosis
Young insects do not look like adults but molt and change their form mature. Young insects hatch out of eggs as wormlike larvae whose bo
clearly divided into a head, thorax, and abdomen, and they often lack
antennae. As they grow, larvae pass through several molts, getting bi
time, until they molt into an inactive form called a pupa. When an a
emerges from the pupa, it looks very different from a larva. It has wincompound eyes, and is ready to fly away and begin its search for a ma
Ex: Monarch Butterfly
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Why are they the most heavily represented g
Insects have moved into virtually every ecological niche, which has hdiversify into the largest group of animals. They can be found in the m
places, including hot sulphur springs and the soil of Antarctica. They
found in streams and ponds. Due to such a wide distribution, scientis
discovering new species of insects every day.
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Phylum Echinodermata
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Types of Organisms
Feather Starsand Sea Lilies
Sea Stars Brittle Stars B
Sea Urchins Sea Biscuits Sand Dollars
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Echinodermata Information
Symmetry: Radial.
Reproduction: Sexual.
Body Plan: Echinoderms have a variety of body plans, ranging from the spin
urchin to the oblong sea cucumber.
Water Vascular System: A series of water-filled canals that extend along ethe ring canal surrounding the central disk. The radial canals store water that
circulation and for filling tiny suckerlike appendages along the arms called tub
Echinoderms are interesting because Sea stars are able to push their stomach
mouths.
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Phylum Chordata
F t i Ch d t
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Features in Chordates
Notochord: A flexible skeletal support rod embedded in the animal’s
Dorsal Hollow Nerve Cord: A hollow nerve cord runs along the anima
back. The nerve cord forms from a section of the ectoderm that rolls uduring development.
Pharyngeal Gill Slits: Slits through the body wall in the pharynx, the immediately beyond the mouth.
A tail extends beyond the anal opening. The tail, as well as the rest ofanimal, contains segments of muscle tissue used for movement.
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Cl Ch d i hth
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Class Chondrichthyes
A.K.A. cartilaginous fish. They have skeletons made of cartilage. Thesinclude sharks, rays, and chimeras.
Class Osteichthyes
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Class Osteichthyes
A.K.A. bony fish. They have skeletons made of bone. Ray-finned fish, bony fish, are the most diverse group of vertebrates.
Class Amphibia
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Class Amphibia
The Amphibia were the first vertebrates adapted to live both in water
although they reproduce in water or on moist land. These animals inc
salamanders, frogs, and caecilians.
Class Reptilia
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Class Reptilia
The Reptilia are able to retain moisture, which lets them live exclusiv
Reptiles produce eggs that do not have to develop in water. Reptiles i
snakes, lizards, crocodiles, alligators, and turtles.
Class Aves
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Class Aves
The Aves are bids. Aves are distinguished by the presence of feathers
other features.
Class Mammalia
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Class Mammalia
The Mammalia are animals that have hair, mammary glands, and thr
bones. A few examples of mammals are whales, elephants, and huma
Amphibians
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Amphibians
Reproduction: Amphibians need a source of water to reproduce. T
directly in water, on moist ground, wrap them in leaves, or brood egg
on the female's back.
Circulatory System: Amphibians have a three-chambered heart. I
of two atria and one ventricle. Oxygenated and deoxygenated blood a
separated by the two atria. Blood is pumped through the heart on a dBlood pumped through the pulmonary circuit goes to the skin and lu
pumped through the systemic circuit brings oxygen-rich blood to the
returns oxygen-poor blood to the heart.
Reptiles R til t th
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Reptiles
Amniotic Egg: Amniotic eggs are self-sustaining and allow an embr
to develop fully before it is born. There are two ways that a reptile eggOviparous and viviparous.
Scales: Scales are dry, absorb energy, and help contain heat needed
normal body functions.
Reproduction: Sexual with either internal or external fertilization.
Circulatory System: All reptilian circulatory systems have a heart,
such as veins and arteries, and blood, just like mammals and birds. N
have the same exact circulatory structure, though, especially with reg
heart
Reptiles are ectotherm
Birds
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Birds
Feathers/Hollow Bones: Feathers are important for flight and ins
helps maintain body temperature and protects the bird’s skin. Hollowreduce weight without compromising strength. They are also directly
the bird’s respiratory system.
Reproduction: Sexual
Circulatory System: Birds require amounts of ATP to provide the
needed for flight. Air sacs provide a great deal of oxygen, but birds m
consume large amounts of food to support their active metabolism.
Birds are endothermic
Mammals
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Mammals
Hair: Most species are covered with a layer f hair that helps them re
hair traps a layer of air next to the skin, which insulates the animal. H
used for behavioral displays, camouflage, and sensory information.
Mammary Glands: Specialized glands that produce milk. They are
both males and females but produce milk only in females.
Circulatory System: Closed.
Brain: The brain size usually increases with the size of the mammal.
mammals have smaller brains and larger mammals have larger brain
Mammals - Monotremes
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Mammals - Monotremes
Monotremes are mammals that lay eggs. They are remnants of an an
mammals that have characteristics of both mammals and reptiles. Onspecies of monotreme survive today.
Monotremes have retained reptilian characteristics such as:
● A sprawling posture
● A single external opening, called the cloaca, for their urinary, dig
reproductive tracts
● Amniotic eggs with leathery shells that develop outside the body
They also have mammary glands
Mammals - Marsupials
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Mammals - Marsupials
Marsupials are mammals that give birth to immature, underdevelope
that grow to maturity inside a marsupium, or pouch. Most marsupial
birth only a few weeks after fertilization.
Placental Mammals
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Placental Mammals
A.K.A. Eutherian mammals. Placental mammals give birth to live you
completed fetal development. Eutherian gestation lasts longer than in
and the babies are born at a more advanced stage of development. M
eutherians include fast carnivores such as cheetahs, and massive herb
as elephants.
Sources
http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/science/annelida-annelid-characteristics.html
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Sources
● https://www.google.com/url?
sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwib45_c35XKAhWERiYKHattp%3A%2F%2Fwww.seasponges.com.au%2Fgallery&bvm=bv.110151844,d.
eWE&psig=AFQjCNFsHQPEW7XmmYqmrGhADDuWdSe-sA&ust=1452188989887426
● https://www.google.com/url?
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● http://archesnationalparkp4.weebly.com/invertebrates.htmlhttp://dictionary.reference
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● http://biology4b.weebly.com/alimentary-canal.html
● http://molluscsf.blogspot.com/2007/03/excretion.html
● http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/science/annelida-annelid-characteristics.html
● http://www.biology-questions-and-answers.com/phylum-arthropoda.html
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