Download - ZERO ENERGY BUILDING ENVELOPE COMPONENTS
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ZER0 ENERGY BUILDING ENVELOPE COMPONENTS
Sanjay Neupane
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(Objectives)• Concept of Zero Energy Building
• Façade components & Z.E.B
• Integration of components
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(Zero Energy Building)
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(Net ZEB Definition)
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(Building Envelope)• Building shell, fabric or enclosure >>boundary between the conditioned
interior of a building and the outdoors.
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(Building Envelope & Energy )• Glazing and façade systems >> large impacts on all aspects of building
performance.
= 75%
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(Envelope Components)
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• Provide thermal and acoustic comfort >> aesthetics.
• Thermal resistance (R-value) of the wall is crucial >> building energy
consumption
• Wood-based walls, metal-based walls and masonry-based walls
o Passive solar walls
o Walls with latent heat storage
o T-Mass Walls:
o Riverdale NetZero Deep Wall System
o Green Walls
(Walls)
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Passive Solar Walls
• Trap and transmit the solar energy
• Glazing is used >> greenhouse effect
(Walls)
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Walls with latent heat storage
• Phase change material (PCM) is incorporated >> thermal storage capacity
• Porous material such as plasterboard has better PCM
• Reduces temperature by 4 ◦C and the heating demand during night
(Walls)
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T-Mass Walls
• Styrofoam extruded polystyrene board insulation sandwiched in between.
(Walls)
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Riverdale NetZero Deep Wall System
• Double-stud wall system >> cavity >> cellulose insulation
• DWS has very high insulation values
(Walls)
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Green Walls
• Reduce heat transmittance >> direct shading and evapotranspiration.
(Walls)
Panel Type Mini planter Cage System Box
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• Lightweight roofs
• Solar-reflective/cool roofs
• Green Roofs
• 100 mm thickness increase >>
resistance by 0.4 m2K/W
(Roofs)
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• Photovoltaic Roofs
• Roof Vents
• Rubber Roofs
• EPDM (ethylene propylenediene Monomer)
• Highly recyclable nature
(Roofs)
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• Windows with low U-value and high total solar energy transmittance (Г) are preferred.
• Heat loss and heat gain through windows occurs at 20–30 times the rate they occur through walls.
Aerogel glazing
• 90–99.8% air by volume.
• volume porosity of greater than 50%.
• 2mm >> 30% energy saving
Vacuum glazing
• Triple vacuum glazing >>thermal
transmittance of less than 0.2 W/m2 K
(Windows & Doors)
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Switchable reflective glazing /Suspended particle devices (SPD) film
• Electrically switchable glazing , changes light transmission properties when voltage is applied.
• Control the amount of light and heat passing through
• Applying a low DC voltage (electrochromics (EC)) or by using hydrogen (gasochromics)
(Windows & Doors)
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High Thermal Performance Glazing
Dynamic Glazing
• Based on electrochromic technology
• Switches between clear and tinted states
Building integrated photovoltaic glazing
• 10 to 12 Watts per ft²
(Windows & Doors)
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• Edge components (frame and spacer)
Thermal Break Frames
Consisting of an insulated material is needed to stop heat transmission
• Reduce heat loss
• Prevent frost/condensation
• Positive thermal break within the frame profile
Kerf Frames
(Frames)
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Types of Insulation
• Mineral Wool
• Expanded polystyrene (EPS)
• Extruded polystyrene (XPS)
• Cellulose
• Cork
• Vacuum insulation panels (VIP)
• Aerogels
• Vacuum insulation materials (VIM)
• Dynamic insulation materials (DIM)
• NanoCon
(Windows & Doors)
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(Case Study 1 - NREL)• Location -Golden Colorado (24 miles west of Denver).
• 822 employees working capacity with 79% occupancy in gross square footage 220,000.
• Determined ZEB and LEED Platinum best practices and strategies
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(Case Study 1 - NREL)Zero Energy Strategies
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(Envelope Components)
PV System
Natural Ventilation
Thermal Mass
UFAD
Labyrinth
Transpired Collectors
Radiant Cooling
Radiant Heating
Day lighting
60’
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Photovoltaic roofs
• 1.6 MW of on-site photovoltaic (PV)
(Roofs)
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Passive Solar Walls - Transpired Solar Collector
• Metal sheet perfo-rated with small holes.
• Uses solar energy to heat and ventilate indoor spaces.
(Walls)
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T-Mass Walls - Precast Exterior/Interior Insulated Panels
3” architectural Precast concrete l 2” rigid insulation l 6” concrete
(Walls)
Zinc
Pre-cast Concrete
Transpired Collector
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High Thermal Performance Glazing - Triple-Glazed Windows with Individual Overhangs
• North and South >> triple glazed
• North windows larger than on south elevation
(Windows)
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Dynamic Glazing
- E-W elevations feature thermo-chromic>> reduce heat loss and electro chromic glazing>> reduce heat gain
(Windows)
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(Windows)Glare Control + View Window
Daylight Control + Daylight Window
Daylight Enhancement
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(Below grade System)Labyrinth Thermal Storage-Air heated by the transpired solar collector heats the thermal mass >> preheats ventilation air. -The labyrinth can warm outside air by 5–10°F.
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(Case Study 2 - BCA)• BCA - Building and Construction Authority
• Location 200 Braddell Road, Singapore
• Official purpose, as visitor centre ,as library and also as multipurpose area.
• Retrofitted Zero Energy Building (ZEB) located at BCA Academy >> threestorey addition and alteration
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(Approach)Active Systems
Efficient Lighting•T5 Fluorescent lights•LED task lighting•State-of-the art lighting control systems
Efficient ACMV•Personalized Ventilation•Underfloor air distribution system•Single coil twin fans•Solar chimneys
Active Control• State-of-the-art building management system
Passive Systems
Efficient Envelope• Type of window glazing•Type of wall/facade
Minimize Solar Heat Gain• Roof garden & vertical greenery•Sunshades
Capitalize Day lighting•Mirror ducts•Light pipes•Light shelves
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(Envelope Components)
PV System
Natural Ventilation
Shading Device/Solar cells
Thermal Performance glazing
Green Walls
Vent/Solar Chimney
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Photovoltaic Roofs
• Elevated about 1 ft. off the metal roof
>>ensure ventilation and cool
• PV system of 190 kWp
Green Roof
• Solar radiations are absorbed by the greenery >>creates thermally comfortable environment
Roof Vents
• Solar Assisted Stack Ventilation
Light weight Roofs
(Roof)
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Green Walls
• Unusual Aspects and Aesthetic Values
• Approx 50% of green wall and 43% glazing
(Walls)
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• High Thermal Performance Glazing - Double Glazed Unit
• Sun Shades with PV
• Low-e glass
(Windows)
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(Energy Conservation)
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(Analysis)• Façade components are the major parts for energy conservation• Transfer of costs from HVAC capacity to architectural elements.
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(Analysis)• Different from conventional buiding
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(Analysis)• Impacts on all aspects of building performance.• Influence peak heating and cooling loads, and indirectly influence
lighting loads • Roof, walls, windows, doors, etc. >>considered for energy efficiency.• Simpler forms i.e., cavity insulated walls, cool paints, double glazing and
low-emissivity glass • Sophisticated façade systems – i.e., triple-glazing systems, double skin
façade systems, the use of photochromic glass and electrified glazing, etc.
• The financial requirements depend on the choice of façade system.
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(Analysis)INNOVATION
• Inspired from Nature
• Inspired from technology
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(Conclusion)• Z.E.B >> Future of Building Design
• Façade >> important role in energy conservation
• Simple traditional techniques could help for better thermal efficiency
• Façade components such as walls, fenestration, roof, foundation,
thermal insulation, thermal mass, external shading devices etc. make
up this important part of any building.
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(References)• P. Torcellini, S. Pless and M. Deru, (2006), Zero Energy Buildings: A
Critical Look at the Definition, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)
• Karma Swayer, (2014), Windows and Building Envelope Research and Development: Road map for emerging Technologies
• Sunil Kumar Sharma, (2013), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA)
• P. Torcellini, (2012), the Design Build Process for the Research Support Facility
• US Department of Energy (2007), Annual Energy Review 2006
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(References)INTERNET SOURCE• Solar Walls, How solar walls works,
http://solarwall.com/en/products/solarwall-air-heating/how-solarwall-works.php, viewed 15th February 2016
• Building and construction authority, www.hpbmagazine.org, viewed 10th February 2016
• High Performance Building Façade, http://www.climatetechwiki.org/technology/high-performance-facades, viewed 22 February 2016
• Building and construction authority, Singapore government, http://www.greenmark.sg/about_proj_zero.html, viewed 29th January 2016
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Let’s find beauty in the Number
ZERO