![Page 1: Where Did the Elements Come From? Section 4.4. Natural and Synthetic Elements Not all elements are found on Earth – some were found in the spectra of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082817/56649e5d5503460f94b55396/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Where Did the Elements Come From?
Section 4.4
![Page 2: Where Did the Elements Come From? Section 4.4. Natural and Synthetic Elements Not all elements are found on Earth – some were found in the spectra of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082817/56649e5d5503460f94b55396/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Natural and Synthetic Elements
• Not all elements are found on Earth – some were found in the spectra of the stars
• Synthetic elements have been created by man
![Page 3: Where Did the Elements Come From? Section 4.4. Natural and Synthetic Elements Not all elements are found on Earth – some were found in the spectra of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082817/56649e5d5503460f94b55396/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Stars
• Big bang THEORY• Explosions
• Temperature only E could exist
• Cooling matter produced
![Page 4: Where Did the Elements Come From? Section 4.4. Natural and Synthetic Elements Not all elements are found on Earth – some were found in the spectra of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082817/56649e5d5503460f94b55396/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Nuclear Reactions
• Rxn involving a change in the composition of the nucleus of an atom
• Centers of stars, H nuclei fused to form He
• Nuclear fision takes place at extremely high temps
![Page 5: Where Did the Elements Come From? Section 4.4. Natural and Synthetic Elements Not all elements are found on Earth – some were found in the spectra of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082817/56649e5d5503460f94b55396/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Stars
• As H is used up, the star shrinks and becomes hot
• This causes He to fuse and form elements with higher atomic numbers
• Fe and Ni are the largest formed by this (believed to be in Earth’s core)
![Page 6: Where Did the Elements Come From? Section 4.4. Natural and Synthetic Elements Not all elements are found on Earth – some were found in the spectra of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082817/56649e5d5503460f94b55396/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The Sun
• When this happens in a sun sized star, it collapses and expands as a red giant
• When this forms, other parts of nuclei are produced and larger elements than Fe and Ni are produced
![Page 7: Where Did the Elements Come From? Section 4.4. Natural and Synthetic Elements Not all elements are found on Earth – some were found in the spectra of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082817/56649e5d5503460f94b55396/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Artificial Elements
• Transmutation – the process of changing one nucleus into another by radioactive disintegration or bombardment w/ other particles
![Page 8: Where Did the Elements Come From? Section 4.4. Natural and Synthetic Elements Not all elements are found on Earth – some were found in the spectra of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082817/56649e5d5503460f94b55396/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Transmutations
• Transmutation rxns were discovered by bombarding elements with alpha particles
• Cyclotron – device that shoots charged particles with E pulses at elements
![Page 9: Where Did the Elements Come From? Section 4.4. Natural and Synthetic Elements Not all elements are found on Earth – some were found in the spectra of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082817/56649e5d5503460f94b55396/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Synchrotron
• Used to create superheavy elements
• Particles in cyclotron can only reach max speed until it arrives for the next pulse too late.
![Page 10: Where Did the Elements Come From? Section 4.4. Natural and Synthetic Elements Not all elements are found on Earth – some were found in the spectra of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082817/56649e5d5503460f94b55396/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Synchrotron
• Matches the acceleration of the particles
• Accelerates fewer types of particles but reaches higher E than a cyclotron
![Page 11: Where Did the Elements Come From? Section 4.4. Natural and Synthetic Elements Not all elements are found on Earth – some were found in the spectra of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082817/56649e5d5503460f94b55396/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Superheavy Elements
• When particles interact head on, they allow massive nuclei to interact and create superheavy elements.
• SHE = element with atomic # higher than 106
![Page 12: Where Did the Elements Come From? Section 4.4. Natural and Synthetic Elements Not all elements are found on Earth – some were found in the spectra of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082817/56649e5d5503460f94b55396/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Superheavy Elements
• Some of these elements last only for a few seconds.
• When meitnerium was created, it lasted for only 0.0034 seconds.