Download - Wheat Flour Fortification
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Wheat Flour FortificationMalik Tariq Sarwar Awan, Food Technologist,Chairman Research Wing to Pakistan Flour Mills Association,Editor, Wheat Milling News, PFMA .Member Pakistan Society of Food Scientists and Technologists &Munawar HussainProgram Manager Food FortificationGlobal Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN)
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What is Food Security?
When all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and
food preferences for an active and healthy life.Source: according to World Food Summit
FOOD SECURITY
Avai
labi
lity
of
nutr
itiou
s fo
od
Food
Acc
ess
Stab
ility
Food
Util
izatio
n
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Food Security in Pakistan
Pakistan Urban Rural0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
28.4 26.5 29.2
19.817.7
20.7
9.88.2
10.5Food Insecure with hunger (Sever)
Food Insecure with hunger (moderate)
Food Insecure without hunger
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Food Insecurity
• Food Insecurity principally connected to o Low productiono Low socio-economic statuso Increasing prices of foodo Geographic hurdles and distribution
• The main determinant of food insecurity is malnutrition
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Malnutrition and Food Insecurity
food secure food insecure without hunger
food insecure with moderate to severe
hunger
05
1015202530354045
25
32
42
% o
f you
ng c
hild
ren
stun
ted
The worse the food insecurity, the higher the child malnutrition
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Pakistan’s Progress on Malnutrition
Indicator NNS 2001-02
NNS 2011
1. Wasting % (Low Weight for Height) 12% 15%
2. Stunting% (Low Height for Age) 31% 44%
3. Under Weight% (Low Weight for Age) 42% 32%
4. Anemia (Children) 51% 62%
5. Anemia (Pregnant women) 29% 51%
6. Iodine Deficiency (Children) 63% 36%
7. Iodine Deficiency (Women) 76% 36%
8. Vitamin A Def (Children) 13% 54%
9. Vitamin A Def (Non-pregnant women) 6% 42%
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Why Malnutrition Matters?
Pneumonia 15%
Injuries, 3%
Other, 19%
Neonatal 42%
HIV/AIDS 1%
Diarrhoea 19%
Measles 1%
Malaria1%
45% attributable to
Under
nutrition
Globally 45% of under-five deaths are attributable to under nutrition
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Why Malnutrition Matters?
Costly inefficiencies (e.g. illness, deaths)
Direct links: Decreased physical
productivity
Indirect links: impaired cognitive
development, schooling and productivity
Overall loss to the
economy of 3% of GDP
annually
Bigger than energy crises (2% of GDP)
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Micronutrient Deficiencies
Affect mainly women and childrendue to poor quality of diet or depletion due to losses (e.g. infections)Main deficiencies:
IodineVitamin AIronFolic acidZinc
Also called HIDDEN HUNGER – often invisible
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Consequences of Iron and Folic Acid Deficiency
Iron deficiency anemia Poor cognitive development Reduced body immunity and resistance
against diseases Neural tube defects Increased child and mother mortality
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“Hidden Hunger”
Iron Deficiency Folic Acid Deficiency
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Maternal Anemia
Source: NNS 2011Pakist
anUrb
anRural
PunjabSin
dhKPK
Baluchist
anAJK GB
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
No Pregnant Women
Pregnant Women
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Anemia - Children Under Five Years of Age
Source: NNS 2011
Pakistan Urban Rural Punjab Sindh KPK Baluchistan AJK GB0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
61.9 62.9 61.4 60.3
72.5
47.3
56.8
4641
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AddressingMicronutrient Malnutrition
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Addressing Micronutrient Malnutrition
Food FortificationDietary DiversificationSupplementation
Food fortification is safe and cost-effective intervention for the prevention of micronutrient deficiencies and has been widely practiced in developed countries for well over a century
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Why Fortification?
Could target population at largeTechnology - simple and well establishedGlobal success history of addressing
deficiencies of micronutrientsEconomical - very cost-effectiveNo need to change dietary habits of targeted
populationFortification vehicles are easily accessible
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Top 10 Investments for advancing global welfare
1 Micronutrient supplements - Malnutrition2 The Doha development agenda - Trade3 Micronutrient fortification - Malnutrition4 Expanded immunization coverage for children - Diseases5 Agricultural R&D on micronutrients - Malnutrition6 Deworming and nutrition programs at school - Malnutrition7 Lowering the price of schooling - Education8 Increase and improve girls’ schooling - Women9 Community-based nutrition promotion - Malnutrition10 Provide support for women’s reproductive role - Women
Copenhagen Consensus
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Fortification - Key Success Factors
Political commitment and supportIndustry supportAdequate legislationConsumer acceptanceNo cultural or other objectionAvailability of micronutrients and
fortification equipment/ dossifiers Economically sustainable interventions
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Wheat Flour Fortification
National Wheat Flour Fortification Program started in 2007 with the support of GAIN
Over 200 flour mills started producing fortified wheat flour
More than 12.7 M people got access to fortified wheat flour
Program suspended in 2011 after 18th constitutional amendment.
GAIN agreed to support Punjab Government toward end of 2013 to restart the program.
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GAIN’s Support to Project
Training and capacity building of industry and regulatory bodies
Laboratory strengthening and provision of spot testing kits Set up supply chain mechanism for market based
availability of micronutrients in Pakistan BCC to increase the demand of fortified wheat flour Support government and industry for legislative and legal
framework Support in setting up monitoring and evaluation
mechanism Assist government and industry for mechanism to pass
through the fortification cost to consumer
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PFMA’s Support to Project
Secure commitment from industry Production and distribution of fortified wheat flour Set up fortification equipment at mills Demand generation of fortified wheat flour Design and use the bags for fortified flour in line with
BCC campaign
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Government Support to Project
Political commitment and patronage of the program
Legislation for mandatory fortification and legal framework
Allow industry to pass through the minor cost of fortification to consumer
Coordination and collaboration among stakeholders
Awareness raising through public services messages
Regulatory monitoring and enforcement of legislation
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Thank you