Download - What we learned last lesson?
Describe 3 things that you remember as significant about last lesson.
What we learned last lesson?
Swap your three things in pairsTry to get at least five significant things between you.
Wood burnsCan be cut down
High upDitchFast to build
Motte and Bailey
11th C
WeaknessesStrengthsCastleDate
Capture wall take whole building
Stone WallShell keep
11th C
Corners can be mined or battered
Thick stone wallsEntrance above ground level
Square keep
12th C
Only betrayal by someoneOrVery long siege
2 or 3 wallsInside wall higher than outerStrong gatehouseRound towers
Concentric Castle
13th C
• Shape metal• Work with lead for pipes &
roofs• Painting pictures inside
castle• Dig stone from ground• Make mortar to bind
stones together• Carve and lay stone• Cut, join and carve wood• Lay floors• Plastering the walls
Castle Builders• Masons• Smiths• Carpenters• Plumbers• Plasterers• Painters• Pavers• Quarrymen• Mortarmixers
Carve and lay stone
Cut, join and carve woodWork with lead for pipes & roofs
Plastering the wallsPainting pictures inside castle
Lay floorsDig stone from ground
Make mortar to bind stones together
Shape metal
Task
In pairs, discuss 3 things you would like to learn about attacking and defending a castle.Remember to pose (ask) a question.i.e. write down 3 questions you would like answered today.
Q1. Where was the best place to site a castle?
Q2. What were the main defences of a castle?
Q3. Why did the defences have to improve?
Q4. What methods were used to attack castles?
Q5. What type of weapons were used?
Skills – working togetherproblem solvingpresenting a case
Where to build a castle?Key: Best defensive positione.g. top of hill/high ground
next to rivernear crossroads – move troops quicklynear town/village – control people & food suppliesprotect river crossings
Other factors: near drinking waternear forest/wood
Where to build a castle
1
2
53
4
GroupWork
8 mins
Castle DefencesAnswer the following using full sentences:
1. In your own words explain why castles were built:a) on a hillb) on the banks of a riverc) near crossroads?
2. Why were castles built near towns?
IndividualWork
Why were defences so important?• Had to be safe from attack• Make it difficult for the enemy to break in
Wooden keep
motte
bailey palisadedrawbrid
ge
Gate look-out ditch
? ? ?
?
?
?
?
Where were the weak
points of the motte and
bailey castle?
gate
walls
keep
Why weak?Solutions?
Existing castles were slowly improved
Stone KeepCurtain wall
Inner bailey
Portcullis drawbridge
crenellationArrow loopsgatehou
se
well
Outer curtain wall
Stone Castle Defences
high, thick walls
machicolations
battlements
drawbridge
gatehousehoardings
arrow loops
Towers & turrets
portcullis
moat
Battlements
crenellation
where fighting was done
crenel
merlonshutter
Gate Defences•Speed important
– had to close off castle quickly
•2 portcullises could trap the enemy
•Murder holes could be used to pour throw hot tar or water, crush enemy with stones or fire at them with arrows
Why?Methods
ofAttack
Improved
Besieging a CastleAttacking
Siege tower
crossbows
longbow
mangonel
ladders
Types of catapults
mangonel
trebuchet
Fired missiles at or over wall
Fired missiles over wall:•Stones•Dead animals•Heads of the enemy
Battering Ram
Attacking the Gate
Tortoise
Break down gates or smash the walls
Other Siege Weapons
ballista
Penthouse
For use on square keep or square towers
Sappers’ tent
ae
d
c bName each weapon labelled:abcdef
IndividualWork
f
Castle Defences1. How were soldiers protected on the
battlements?2. Draw an arrow loop and explain its
purpose.3. Give 2 advantages of round towers in
a curtain wall.4. Describe 3 methods used to defend
the castle gate. Include a picture of one of these defences.
IndividualWork
Quiz – what am I?Identify each weapon from the cryptic clue:• When the catch of my big spoon is
released I fling out a huge stone with great force. What am I?
• I protect miners while they dig under a square keep. What am I?
• I use powder and flame to fire metal balls over the castle walls. I was not invented until the 13th C. What am I?
IndividualWork Siege Weapons
4. With my sling I throw stones or dead animals over the castle wall. What am I?
5. I can be wheeled up to the wall to allow attackers to climb onto the wall. What am I?
6. I am used to break down the gate? What am I?
7. I am made of metal and rope and help the soldiers climb up castle walls? What am I?
IndividualWork Siege Weapons
Quiz – what am I?Identify each weapon from the cryptic clue:• When the catch of my big spoon is
released I fling out a huge stone with great force. What am I?
• I protect miners while they dig under a square keep. What am I?
• I use powder and flame to fire metal balls over the castle walls. I was not invented until the 13th C. What am I?
IndividualWork Siege Weapons
mangonel
Penthouse or sappers tent
cannon
4. With my sling I throw stones or dead animals over the castle wall. What am I?
5. I can be wheeled up to the wall to allow attackers to climb onto the wall. What am I?
6. I am used to break down the gate? What am I?
7. I am made of metal and rope and help the soldiers climb up castle walls? What am I?
IndividualWork Siege Weapons
trebuchet
siege tower
battering ram
grappling hook