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• What are the advantages/disadvantages of the location of the capital (Rome)?
• Why would Hannibal be able to surprise the Romans with his attack?
• Rome fights in 3 Punic Wars to defeat Carthage. Why is this important?
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Summary of what we have learned so far…….
509 BC Rome becomes an Empire 334 BC A lexander the Great starts the empire 323 BC A lexander the Great dies and empire splits 70 BC Roman Empire grows – f rom A natolia in the east to Spain in the west 330 A D Constantine moves capital f rom Rome to Byzantium and names it Constantinople Contributes to the division and decline of Roman Empire 380 A D Christianity becomes the empires’ offi cial religion 476 A D L ast Roman emperor is removed f rom offi ce
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Alexander the Great’s Empire
Roman Empire at its greatest
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Constantine moves the capital
PREDICT: What impact might this have on the Roman Empire?
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Diocletian splits the Empire
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LT 3.E I can identify events that contributed to the advancement of Eastern Europe & the Middle East during the Middle Ages.
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• https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/#inbox/1509cf02d28c68d1?projector=1
• Video of Byzantium (4:06)
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Constantine’s City--Constantinople
Constantine’s City--Constantinople
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Barbarian Invasions of the Roman Empire
Barbarian Invasions of the Roman Empire
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Constantinople: A Greek City
(Istanbul Today)
Constantinople: A Greek City
(Istanbul Today)
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Cultural Advancements of the Byzantine Empire
1.Law2.Education3.Religion
4.Architecture
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Emperor Justinian [r. 527-564]
Emperor Justinian [r. 527-564]
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Empress TheodoraEmpress Theodora
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Justinian’s Empire at its Peak
Justinian’s Empire at its Peak
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LAW - Justinian’s Code
LAW - Justinian’s Code
Corpus Juris Civilis: 1. Digest 2. Code 3. Institutes
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EDUCATION
• Common language – Greek• Works of Ancient Greece and Rome
are preserved
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RELIGION
• Orthodox Christianity – spreads throughout Eastern Europe and the Middle East.
• The Great Schism (split) – Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church separate (1054)
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ARCHITECTURE - Church of Hagia Sophia [Holy
Wisdom]
ARCHITECTURE - Church of Hagia Sophia [Holy
Wisdom]
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Interior of the Church of Hagia Sophia
Interior of the Church of Hagia Sophia
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Arabia:
A Threat
to the
Great
Empires
Arabia:
A Threat
to the
Great
Empires
????
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Arabian Peninsula before Muhammad
• Settled people• Nomads rare, but important – caravan
link
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Muslim Empire
Growth of Islam and the Muslim Empire
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CROSSROADS OF TRADE
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The Rise of Islam
• From the time of Muhammad, Muslim control ranges from Spain to China
• Many Islamic kingdoms and empires, no single Muslim empire
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Spread of Islam under Muhammad
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Cultural Advancements of the Muslim World
• Trade• Education• Religion
• Architecture
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Trade
• The Muslim Trade Network connected the Silk Roads of China and India with Europe and Africa
• Muslims needed a single language (Arabic) and a single currency to trade.
• Banks set up credit that could be exchanged for cash throughout Muslim lands
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Spice Trade Routes
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Education
• Arabic - common, unifying language• House of Wisdom in Baghdad – combination
library, academy and translation center. – Scholars of different cultures and beliefs worked
side by side– Muslim scholars used the knowledge of Greek,
Indian and Arab traditions. Made advancements in Math, Science, Art, Literature and Philosophy
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Religion
• Islam was spread from China to Spain• Islam and Arabic language - Uniting factor of
the regions, caliphates and empires• Advancements were able to flourish for
centuries
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Muslim ConquestsMuslims practiced religious tolerance for Jewish and Christian faith (“people of the book”) as long as they paid their taxes
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Architecture• Cities throughout Muslim World founded or
expanded (Cordoba, Cairo, Damascus, Jerusalem, Baghdad)
• The Blue Mosque in Istanbul, and the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem are some of the best examples of Islamic architecture