Water accounting for Water accounting for integrated water managementintegrated water management
Costos i comptes de l'aigua a Catalunya en Costos i comptes de l'aigua a Catalunya en relació amb la Directiva marc de l'aigua (DMA)relació amb la Directiva marc de l'aigua (DMA)
SEMINARI
Barcelona, 18 i 19 de juny de 2007
Jean-Louis Weber, European Environment AgencyJean-Louis Weber, European Environment Agency
History
• Pioneer work covering : – France and Spain 1986: Quantity and Quality, Supply & Use
• France: Quantity for the 6 River basin authorities, case study/methodology of quality accounts for 1 small river basin. Further development of quality accounts from national monitoring. Annual publication of economic accounts
• Spain: complete set of quantity and quality accounts, supply & use and expenditures
– OECD test 1990 (4 countries: FR & ES plus Finland and the Netherlands – problems with asset accounts)
– Eurostat & EEA end of 90’s: pilot work on water quality accounts (France, England & Wales, Ireland, Slovenia)
– Eurostat sponsored projects• TACIS: Moldova 2000 (Quantities, supply and use and assets, 1994, 1998 –
continuing – Report to Eurostat)• MEDSTAT I ENV: Turkey 2002 (Quantities, supply and use plus estimate for
assets report to MAP/Blue Plan)• Other activities related to expenditure for water protection and management
(SERIEE), polluting emissions, incl. NAMEA/water approach at Eurostat and in several Member countries (NAMWA-NL, applications in FR, ES…)
• Other country applications: Chile, Australia, Namibia• Now: SEEAW, launch in Voorburg 2006, international standard since 2007
Water
‘…then once more, and with extreme swiftness, it mounts again and returns by the same descent, thus rising from the inside to the outside, and going round from the lowest to the highest, from whence it rushes down in a natural course. Thus by these two movements combined in a constant circulation, it travels through the veins of the earth.’
Leonardo da Vinci, The Notebooks, 965.
Water is altogether
• a component (flowing in rivers, mains and bodies…)
• a system (hydrological)• a set of services (to economic production and
ecological and human well being)• and a threat to all of these when scarce
How should we measure water components, systems, services and threats?
The Raft, a Metaphor of Stability and Resilience
(D. Ludwig, Resilience Alliance)
The Raft- a Metaphor of Stability and Resilience (1)
• Empty, the raft is stable and capable of supporting some loads on an appropriate water body (enough free water…) for delivering transport service
In this case, the raft is resilient and can easily accommodate loads – people or goods – without being under threat.
The Raft- a Metaphor of Stability and Resilience (2)
• The resilient raft can accommodate some loads, keeping enough stability
• But when the load is excessive, the raft is less capable to adapt. Due to the excessive load, it starts sinking.
The Raft- a Metaphor of Stability and Resilience (3)
• In addition, when the resilience of the raft is low, the risk of flipping is high, at any time.
The unstable raft is threatened not only by an additional significant load (sinking) but by the position of any new load (even small)
The Raft- a Metaphor of Stability and Resilience (4)
The objectives of the passengers of the raft may be different; e.g.:– Traders who want to carry as many goods as possible (even
with risk)– Passengers who are concerned with their personal safety (not
too much load)
Trade offs between social groups will determine the final degree of stability of the system.
Water accounts and the “raft metaphor”
• The various aspects of water systems should be addressed in water accounts
• Interactions between components of the water system should be traceable (accounts as one input to integrated modelling)
• Interactions of water and terrestrial ecosystems should be as well reflected
• Long term/broad scale trends matter as much as local configurations and short term processes
• Water systems are part of socio-ecosystems
SEEA: Water accounts do cover many aspects, all are important
Ecosystem accountsServices &
Natural assets accounts
Various aspects of integration of water accounts
• System integration: ‘water system’ & ‘use system’• Spatial integration: water and land systems • Integrated framework
– ‘Supply & Use’ and ‘Natural Assets’ (the resource)– Quality and quantity– Water ecosystems (hydraulic, biology…)– Physical and monetary accounts
• Integrated assessments as an outcome of accounting (integrated indicators)
• Institutional integration (data sources, networking)• Integration of policies: The Water Framework
Directive
2 interacting systems…
Rest of the World
Inland water
Sea
Atmosphere
HYDROLOGICAL SYSTEMLand &SoilGroundwaterSnow & IceLakes & ReservoirsRivers
USERS SYSTEM
Inland water
UsersUsers
Precipitations
InflowsOutflows
Imports
Exports
Evapotranspiration
Evapotranspiration(irrigation…)PrimaryAbstraction
Returns +Residuals
Territory of reference
Inte
rnal
tran
sfer
s
System integration: ‘water system’ & ‘use system’
Spatial integration of water accounts
Bird decline
Loss of natural/ sem i-
natural land Forest m anagem ent
Soil degradationLoss of am enities (tourism )
Water stressWetland
vulnerability to pollution
Condition of W ater ecosystemsFish decline
Water stress
Water abstraction
FloodingDrainage
Pesticides & fertilizers leakage to rivers,
sea
W ater body restructuring, dam s
H ydrom orphic changeAvailab le w ater resource
W ater quality, quality o f the rivers, lakesQ uality o f coasta l & m arine
w ater Q uality o f groundw ater
W aste w ater d ischarge
In troduced species
Species dynam ics
H abita ts state and dynam ics
C ondition of terrestria l ecosystem s
Landscape d iversity
B iodivers ity o f agrosystem
U rban spraw lIrrigation
Transport netw orksPestic ides & fertilizers use
C onversion of m arg inal landW ater use
Intensification of agricu lture
Fragmentation of habitatsLoss in buffering
capacitiesWetland drainage
Eutrophication
Integrated platform for land water and biodiversity assessments…
Spatial integration
Example: surplus of N from agriculture and atmospheric origin…
Integration of ‘Supply & Use’ and ‘Natural Assets’
Table 8.7 An asset account for water Million cubic metres
EA.132
EA.1311 Reservoirs
EA.1312 Lakes
EA.1313 Rivers
Groundwater
Opening Stocks 2743.5 500 150000 5000 158244
Total abstraction 2453 265 2717Sustainable use
DepletionReturns from irrigation (lost water) 0Wastewater 315 81.1 396.3
Treated waste water 0Untreated waster water 0
Cooling water 1448 1448.2Water used for hydroelectricity 0Lost water in transport 218 218Others 0
621 621Precipitation (+) 210.2 168 13636 14014Inflows (+) 9000 1100 10100Net natural transfers (+,-) 0 0 2013 -135.5 -1878 0Evapo-transpiration (-) 416 333 12723 13472
To other country 10150 1379.1 11529To the sea 0Due to natural disasterDiscovery (+)Others
Net accumulation 0 -206 9 -380 -344 -921
Closing Stocks0 2538 509 149620 4656 157323
Residuals (+)
Consumption by irrigation (+)
Other volume changes
Outflows (-)
Total
EA.131.Surface water
Abstraction (-)
Land & soil
Moldova 1994
Courtesy Jana Tafi, WDC
Integrating quality
River group
Small
Medium
Large
Quality
Class1
Class2
Class3
†…
„
ƒ
‚
ˆ
‡
Quality of river reaches measured in ‘standard river kilometres’1 srkm = 1km x 1 m3/second
Quality accounts: Case studies in France, Spain, Chile, England & Wales, Ireland, Slovenia
Example:France 1992-1994, Results in SRKM*1000 – Source Crouzet, Ifen 1998
Source: J.M. Naredo, J.M. Gascó, R. Jiliberto
1,00
2,00
3,00
4,00
5,00
1986 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997
Ind
ice
de
cal
idad SECCIÓN I
SECCIÓN II
SECCIÓN III
TOTAL
AÑO SECCION I SECCIÓN II SECCIÓN III TOTAL
Indice de Calidad Uso Urbano Uso Urbano Uso Urbano Uso Urbano1986 3,80 4,00 3,80 3,80
1988 3,83 3,33 3,67 4,001989 3,67 4,17 4,00 4,00
1990 3,40 4,00 4,00 3,67
1991 3,40 4,17 4,00 3,001992 3,67 4,17 4,17 4,00
1993 3,67 4,00 4,00 3,14
1994 4,20 4,17 3,83 4,20
1995 3,00 3,50 3,75 3,251996 3,83 4,17 3,83 3,83
1997 3,50 4,00 4,00 3,00
Chile: evolución por secciones de la calidad total. Uso urbano
Source: Meza, Jiliberto, Maldini et alii 1999)
Several ways of assessing water quality
1. According to selected disturbances/perturbations of functions & uses (services)
2. Total hydraulic and osmotic power of river basins
3. Health of ecosystem approach (vigor, organisation, resilience, capacity of sustaining healthy populations, dependance from artificial inputs )
Quality 1: selected disturbances/perturbations of functions & uses (services)
Source: RNDE, France
Quality 2: Total Hydraulic and Osmotic powers
Sources: Gasco et alii 2005, Valero et alii 2002
+
“Water resource quality (WRQ) is affected by salt concentration and topographical position. Indeed, an increase in salt concentration, which decreases water availability for animal and plant nutrition, and lower altitude, which diminishes the potential for production of hydropower, negatively affects WRQ.”
Total power TP (MW) can be obtained by the expression: TP = Hydraulic Power + Osmotic Power According to this expression, TP can be defined as the minimum power needed to transport a desalted sea-water flow Q from sea level to position H (m) in a river course
Quality 3: River ecosystem; example: fragmentation
• migratory fish based indicator : length of accessible routes vs. total length of routes susceptible to be explored along with percentage of fish reaching the target catchments (possibly with fish health status and delay to reaching the target).
• habitat based indicator : a) length of free flowing river (absence of obstacles) vs. total length of river b) distribution of lengths or river between impassable obstacles.
NB: this is different to migratory routes, because all rivers, even not being
migratory routes are considered.
Courtesy Philippe Crouzet 2007
Quality 3: River ecosystem; example: fragmentation
Courtesy Philippe Crouzet 2007
Sources of Change:-- 5 Sea Level Rise-- 8 Groundwater/petroleum extraction-- 27 Upstream sediment trapping & diversion
Deltas Under Threat
Global Sample of 40 Basins
Sea Level Rise Only Part of the Story
Ericson et al., 2006, Global and Planetary Change
Elements kindly provided by prof Charles
Vörösmarty (Univ New Hampshire,
USA) and Prof James
Syvistky (Univ.Colorado,
USA)
Ebro coastal retreat is 10-30m/y. Since 1983, 110 MT of sand have been delivered by trucks
to the Mediterranean Spanish shores.
Courtesy Philippe Crouzet 2007
Water accounting and integrated assessments
Indicators structured by water accounts…
Physical MonetaryConsumption Water received by sectors and self-supply
Intermediate and final consumption of water (national accounts)
ProductionOperation of the water resource by the sectors, dams, Supply of water to sectors
Investments in dams, channels, irrigation schemes, sewerage...; running costs of water supply and prices; turnover of the distribution of water
OtherSeasonal demand for amenities (sport, tourism, parks, private gardens…), Abstraction rights allocated
Turnover of sectors depending on water, Abstraction rights allocated
UseAbstraction from water bodies (by sectors), minus Water lost in transport and irrigation (returns)
Abstraction rights used, Value of the distributed water
Physical restructuring
Transport (pipes, canals) and storage of water (rservoirs…)
Costs of transport and storage of water
Emissions Discharge of waste water, discharge of pollutants (fluxes)Non internalised costs (social costs) of the use of the water system as a sink
StocksNatural and semi-natural assets (reservoirs, lakes, channels, rivers, groundwater, water in soil…)
Asset value of water in reservoirs
FlowsPrecipitation, runoff, infiltration, evapotranspiration; availability of the water resource
QualityQuality of the available water resource by type of water bodies and quantity of running water
Depletion of the resource
Artificial evapo-transpiration & discharge to sea; Seasonal stress, Local shortages; stress on the river ecosystems
Transport of water, Purification before use /Costs, Economic losses due to water shortages, to the maintenance of minimum flows in rivers
Degradation of the environment
Quality of aquifers and rivers, state/health of water ecosystems, state/health of water dependant ecosystems (soil, wetlands, others…)
Damage costs (Restoration costs or Avoidance costs), loss of ecosystem services (willingness to pay)
Human health and well-being
Access of households to clean water, health, amenities (angling, bathing, landscape values…)
Health costs related to use of polluted water; social costs of water scarcity; willingness to pay
Protection activities
Sewerage and water treatment Protection expenditure
Changes in Process & Behaviour
Recycling of water, irrigation techniques, desalination of sea water
Costs and benefits
Economic and legal instruments
Abatement of polluting discharges to water; minimum flows and reserves
Taxes, Incentives
INDICATOR TYPES & PURPOSESVARIABLES DERIVED FROM/ STRUCTURED BY WATER ACCOUNTS
Energy equivalents of hydraulic and osmotic powers
DRIVING FORCESSocio-economic
values
PRESSUREUse of the resource
RESPONSESSociety
responses
STATE Limiting factors
IMPACTS Vulnerability
Institutional integration (data sources)
Accounts domain
Physic
al wor
ld
Mod
elling
Statis
tical
dom
ain
Primary resource (rainfal) *** ***Evapotranspiration * ***Groundwater replenishment * **River run-off *** *Human uses abstractions * * ***Losses, leakages and disposals * * ***Irrigation, including resulting evaporation * ** **Exchanges between agents ** ***
Primary data sources for water accounts…
Institutional integration (networking institutions)
Ministry of Ecology& Natural Resources
Department of Statistics & Sociology(socio-economic data)
Association Moldageom(groundwater)
Apele Moldovei(water supply, irrigation,
sewerage)
Hydro-Meteorological Service(water quality, rivers discharge,
rainfall...)
Ministry of Health
(drinking water quality, health & environment
data…)
Cartographic data(Cadastre, rivers , lakes , water supplynetworks ….),
Apele Moldovei(water supply, piping, sewerage.)
Own purpose statistics
Hydro -Meteorological Service(water quality, river discharge, flux calculations, rainfalldata)
Reporting to
UNECE, UNDP, OECD, WHO, EEA, EU -WFD…National Water R/Q Indicators
Ministryof Health(drinking water quality
data, health/environmentdata, etc;)
Ministryof Ecology, and
NatutalResources
WATER DATA
CENTRE
Association Moldageom(underground water resource)
Department of Statisticsand Sociology
(socio-economicdata)
Own purpose statistics
Cartographic data(Cadastre, rivers , lakes , water supplynetworks ….),
Apele Moldovei(water supply, piping, sewerage.)
Own purpose statistics
Hydro -Meteorological Service(water quality, river discharge, flux calculations, rainfalldata)
Reporting to
UNECE, UNDP, OECD, WHO, EEA, EU -WFD…National Water R/Q Indicators
Ministryof Health(drinking water quality
data, health/environmentdata, etc;)
Ministryof Ecology, and
NatutalResources
WATER DATA
CENTRE
Association Moldageom(underground water resource)
Department of Statisticsand Sociology
(socio-economicdata)
Own purpose statistics
Cartographic data(Cadastre, rivers , lakes , water supplynetworks ….),
Apele Moldovei(water supply, , piping, sewerage.)
Own purpose statistics
Hydro -Meteorological Service(water quality,river discharge,flux calculations, , rainfall data)
Reporting to
UNECE, UNDP, OECD, WHO, EEA, EU -WFD…National Water R/Q Indicators
Ministry of Health(drinking water quality
data, health/ environmentdata, etc;)
Ministry of Ecology, and
NatutalResources
WATER DATA
CENTRE
Association Moldageom(underground water resource)
Department of Statisticsand Sociology
(Socio-economic data)
Own purpose statistics
Cartographic data(Cadastre, rivers , lakes , water supplynetworks ….),
Apele Moldovei(water supply, piping, sewerage.)
Own purpose statistics
Hydro -Meteorological Service(water quality, river discharge, flux calculations, rainfalldata)
Reporting to
UNECE, UNDP, OECD, WHO, EEA, EU -WFD…National Water R/Q Indicators
Ministryof Health(drinking water quality
data, health/environmentdata, etc;)
Ministryof Ecology, and
NatutalResources
WATER DATA
CENTRE
Cartographic data(Cadastre, rivers , lakes , water supplynetworks ….),
Apele Moldovei(water supply, piping, sewerage.)
Own purpose statistics
Hydro -Meteorological Service(water quality, river discharge, flux calculations, rainfalldata)
Reporting to
UNECE, UNDP, OECD, WHO, EEA, EU -WFD…National Water R/Q Indicators
Ministryof Health(drinking water quality
data, health/environmentdata, etc;)
Ministryof Ecology, and
NatutalResources
WATER DATA
CENTRE
Association Moldageom(underground water resource)
Department of Statisticsand Sociology
(socio-economicdata)
Own purpose statistics
Association Moldageom(underground water resource)
Department of Statisticsand Sociology
(socio-economicdata)
Own purpose statistics
Cartographic data(Cadastre, rivers , lakes , water supplynetworks ….),
Apele Moldovei(water supply, piping, sewerage.)
Cartographic data(Cadastre, rivers , lakes , water supplynetworks ….),
Apele Moldovei(water supply, piping, sewerage.)
Own purpose statistics
Hydro -Meteorological Service(water quality, river discharge, flux calculations, rainfalldata)
Reporting to
UNECE, UNDP, OECD, WHO, EEA, EU -WFD…National Water R/Q Indicators
Ministryof Health(drinking water quality
data, health/environmentdata, etc;)
Ministryof Ecology, and
NatutalResources
WATER DATA
CENTRE
Association Moldageom(underground water resource)
Department of Statisticsand Sociology
(socio-economicdata)
Own purpose statisticsOwn purpose statistics
Hydro -Meteorological Service(water quality, river discharge, flux calculations, rainfalldata)
Reporting to
UNECE, UNDP, OECD, WHO, EEA, EU -WFD…National Water R/Q Indicators
Ministryof Health(drinking water quality
data, health/environmentdata, etc;)
Ministryof Ecology, and
NatutalResources
WATER DATA
CENTRE
Association Moldageom(underground water resource)
Department of Statisticsand Sociology
(socio-economicdata)
Own purpose statistics
Cartographic data(Cadastre, rivers , lakes , water supplynetworks ….),
Apele Moldovei(water supply, , piping, sewerage.)
Own purpose statistics
Hydro -Meteorological Service(water quality,river discharge,flux calculations, , rainfall data)
Reporting to
UNECE, UNDP, OECD, WHO, EEA, EU -WFD…National Water R/Q Indicators
Ministry of Health(drinking water quality
data, health/ environmentdata, etc;)
Ministry of Ecology, and
NatutalResources
WATER DATA
CENTRE
Association Moldageom(underground water resource)
Department of Statisticsand Sociology
(Socio-economic data)
Own purpose statistics
Cartographic data(Cadastre, rivers , lakes , water supplynetworks ….),
Apele Moldovei(water supply, , piping, sewerage.)
Own purpose statistics
Hydro -Meteorological Service(water quality,river discharge,flux calculations, , rainfall data)
Reporting to
UNECE, UNDP, OECD, WHO, EEA, EU -WFD…National Water R/Q Indicators
Ministry of Health(drinking water quality
data, health/ environmentdata, etc;)
Ministry of Ecology, and
NatutalResources
WATER DATA
CENTRE
Association Moldageom(underground water resource)
Department of Statisticsand Sociology
(Socio-economic data)
Own purpose statistics
Own purpose statistical reporting
Own purpose statistical reporting
Reporting to UNECE, UNDP, OECD, WHO, EEA, EU-WFD
National reporting, indicators on water quality & resource Own purpose
statistical reporting
Own purpose statistical reporting
Water Data
Centre
Cartographic data
(rivers, lakes, supply networks,
cadastre)
Project of the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Moldova, MENR
Supported by the French Ministries of Foreign Affairs and of Ecology and the French Embassy in Moldova
With the technical assistance Consulting Company Beture-Cerec
The Water Data Centre project in Moldova…
Courtesy Jana Tafi, WDC
Integration of policies: The Water Framework Directive
in order to:• Prevent deterioration and enhance status of aquatic
ecosystems, including groundwater;• Promote sustainable water use;• Reduce pollution; and• Contribute to the mitigation of floods and droughts.
WFD covers in particular• Regulatory Regimes incl. charging schemes• River Basin Characterisation• Monitoring and Classification• River Basin Management Planning
WFD Article 9 requirements
• Cost-recovery– water services & water uses– environmental and resource costs– polluter pays principle
• Adequate contribution of water users to cost recovery, at least industry, agriculture and households
• Water pricing providing adequate incentive for efficient water use
• Social, environmental and economic effects of the recovery, as well as geographic and climatic conditions
• Subsidies• Article 9 exemption – if not compromising the
achievements of the objectives for a given water-use activity
Courtesy Maria Brättemark, DG Environment D2
WFD Article 5 and Annex III
• Reporting on economic analysis of water use (art 5)
• Economic analysis “enough information in sufficient detail” to:
• “relevant calculations” recovery of the cost of water services,
• long term forecasts of supply and demand for water in the river basin district
• volume, price and costs associated with water services
• estimates of relevant investments including forecasts of such investments
• Make judgements about the most cost-effective combination of measures
Courtesy Maria Brättemark, DG Environment D2
WFD & Economic Analysis
Courtesy Arnaud Courtecuisse, Agence de l’Eau Artois-Picardie, France, 2006
The context of the Artois-Picardie Basin
• 20 000 Km2
• 4,7 Millions inhabitants
• GDP: 98 billions € • GPD/inhabitant: 21 107 €
• GPD/inh France: 25 978 €
• Unemployment rate:
12,7% • France: 9,9 %
• 96% of drinkable water come from groundwater
Courtesy Arnaud Courtecuisse, Agence de l’Eau Artois-Picardie, France, 2006
Risk of not meeting quality objectives by 2015
Courtesy Arnaud Courtecuisse, Agence de l’Eau Artois-Picardie, France, 2006
Unemployment in 2004
Courtesy Arnaud Courtecuisse, Agence de l’Eau Artois-Picardie, France, 2006
Water price survey
Water DistributionSewerage
Environmental Taxes
Other taxes
VAT
The breakdown of the 3,28 €/ m3
Country
Consumption
(liter/day/
person)
Mean water price
m3Water +
sewerage+taxes
(euros/m3)
SpainIrelandLuxembourgUKItalySwedenPortugalGreeceFranceFinlandGermanyBelgiumNetherlandsDanmarkAustria
130135150150160180190200113116118120126138150
1,00
0,901,60,8
1,151,01,12,62,53,61,92,74,32,6
and comparisons… (source IWA)Courtesy Arnaud Courtecuisse, Agence de l’Eau Artois-Picardie, France, 2006
Comparison of water bill vis à vis available income
Mean Water bill (all services) (price paid for 120m3 in a year)
Mean available income per household
Mean available income per
household (A)
Mean Water invoice per household
(120m3/year) (B) B/A
Aisne 23 499 455 1,94%
Nord 24 314 366 1,51%
Pas de Calais 23 194 428 1,85%
Somme 23 796 382 1,61%
Courtesy Arnaud Courtecuisse, Agence de l’Eau Artois-Picardie, France, 2006
Water bill / mean available Income
Comparison at municipality level
•the commonly used value of annual consumption of 120 m3 per household hides important differences of mean consumption per region
• mean available income per municipality hides also various situations (and the real part of the population facing major difficulties to pay water bills)
• several groups of municipalities with ratio>3% (2-3% is a guidance value – see OCDE, EU, Académie de l’eau)
• these groups of municipalities combine high water price and low mean available income (and sometimes household’s expenses to buy bottled water equivalent to annual water bill)
Courtesy Arnaud Courtecuisse, Agence de l’Eau Artois-Picardie, France, 2006
Water accounts and the WFD
• WFD & the Water Information System for Europe
• Information Data Centre on Water
• Water accounts at Eurostat and the EEA
WFD & the Water Information System for Europe
Access to data reported for the WFD – example: viewer
Wise viewer
Wise viewer: Heavily Modified and Artificial Water Bodies
Information Data Centre on Water
EEA (leader) + COM, JRC & Eurostat Data + Information WISE + Water Accounts
1. Water assets and resource 2. Supply and uses of water by sectors
(Box: Best practice: NAMWA, CBS, the Netherlands)3. Waste water, emission and treatment4. Agriculture surpluses to water 5. Fluxes in rivers and to the sea (N, sediments…) 6. Qualities of rivers (lakes and aquifers)7. Ecosystems: Fragmentation of rivers and other ecosystem
distress8. Expenditure for water protection and management9. Access of people to water and services, quantities and prices
(Box: Best practice: Water quality, price and social condition in Artois-Picardie)
A joint EEA Eurostat proposal: demo publication of Water accounts for Europe in 2008
Thank you!Thank you!Gràcies!Gràcies!
Gracias! Gracias!
Costos i comptes de l'aigua a Catalunya en Costos i comptes de l'aigua a Catalunya en relació amb la Directiva marc de l'aigua (DMA)relació amb la Directiva marc de l'aigua (DMA)
SEMINARI
Barcelona, 18 i 19 de juny de 2007