water accounting sa
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TRANSCRIPT
1Preferred supplier of quality statistics Water – May 06
Presentation to the User-Producer Conference: Water Accounting for Integrated Water Resource Management
Water Accounts in South Africa
Anemé MalanStatistics South Africa
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Structure of presentation
• Background
• SA’s water policy
• Water resource accounts in SA
• Monetary analysis
• Way forward
• Comparison between countries
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Background (1)
Water management areas of SA
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Background (2)
• Average rainfall: 500 mm/annum (= 612 billion m3);• Natural Mean Annual Runoff: 49 billion m3;• Dam Storage Capacity: 32 billion m3;• Reserved for Ecological River Use: 9,5 billion m3;• 1:50 Yield: 13,2 billion m3;
– Surface water’s contribution to yield: 78%– Ground water’s contribution to yield: 8%– Usable Return Flows: 14%
Some figures
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Background (3)
Yield
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Background (4)
Development imperatives versus Water Scarcity
• Rural (domestic & stock watering);• Urban (Direct (domestic) & Indirect (industrial, commercial,
public));• Mining & Bulk (not via municipalities);• Power generation;• Irrigation;• Afforestation;• Transfers;
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SA’s water policy (1)
National Water Policy (NWP)
• Adopted by Cabinet in 1997;
• 3 fundamental objectives to manage water resources
a) Equitable access to water
b) Sustainable use of water
c) Efficient and effective water use
8Preferred supplier of quality statistics Water – May 06
SA’s water policy (2)
National Water Act (NWA) of SA 1998
• Principal legal instrument for implementing objectives of NWP
• Key provisions and fundamental changes include:
a) Transforming legal access and rights to water;
b) Ensuring provision of water for basic human need and protection of aquatic ecosystems;
c) Decentralising water management through more enabling institutions;
d) Pricing for financial and environmental sustainability, ecn. efficiency and social equity;
e) Refocus on water conservation and demand management;
f) NWRS of 2004;
9Preferred supplier of quality statistics Water – May 06
Water resource accounts in SA (1)
• Towards WRA for RSA 1991-1998 (RANESA;
CSIR; DEAT/Stats SA/DWAF/WRC/AG);
• Upper Vaal River Account (Stats SA; Conningarth);
• Accounts for 2000 (Stats SA);
• Draft updated accounts for 1995 and 2000
(Stats SA; RANESA; CIC);
10Preferred supplier of quality statistics Water – May 06
Water resource accounts in SA (2)
• Constructed Flow Accounts 1st step: I-O matrix for 20 areas for 1995 and 2000.
Used SEEA guidelines consistent with NWA & NWRS
Advantages:
1) Provides non-econ with easier interpretation of water flows in econ framework
2) Prevent double countingduring interpretation & application of complex hydrological numbers
2nd step: Some macro-ecn adjustments to national I-O table to ensure consitency with SEEA guidelines.
3rd step: National I-O WRA converted to the adjusted
UN SUT-format.
11Preferred supplier of quality statistics Water – May 06
Water resource accounts in SA (3)
• Some differences Yield instead of MAR Environmental reserve Classifications – ISIC vs NWRS (e.g. Rural
development and stream flow reduction unique to SA?)
• Stock accounts were not compiled - this is not useful for SA water managers
• Various types of analyses were done (e.g. Pathways - and spatial analyses )
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Water resource accounts in SA (3)
Water flow account structure: I-O framework
Environment Distributors
Production Total
Environment
Distributors
Production
Total
Supply
Use
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Water resource accounts in SA (4)
Environment• Atmosphere and sea• Natural MAR• Surface water yield• Ground water• Soil water• Ecological reserve
Distributors• DWAF (total yield)• Irrigation boards• Water boards• Municipalities• ROW and other WMAs
Link with DWAF
Irrigation
Rural (stock watering)
Afforastation
Mining
Power generation
Bulk
Urban (indirect (industrial,Commercial, public))
Urban (direct (domestic))
Rural domestic
Production (ISIC?)• Agriculture
Dry land and irrigation
Livestock
Plantation
• Mining
• Electricity
• Other Bulk industrial
• Other commercial and industrial
• DomesticUrban
Rural
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Monetary analysis
• Expenditure on water by ecn sector;• Indicators of income & empl supported
by water use in production;• Tarrifs on water use;• Expenditure and subsidies on water by
distribution sectors;
Using other data sources e.g. SUT, NA
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Way forward
• Hydrologists and Economists;
• Construction of monetary accounts: Water pricing is important for water demand management;
• Water quality, specifically the impact of water quality on the water yield (volume);
• Policy;
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Comparison between countries (1)
499869Per capita water use except agriculture (m3
per capita)
95365157Per capita water use (m3per person)
14214 830256Total water use (million m3)
BotswanaSouth Africa
Namibia
Water use in Namibia, South Africa, Botswana in 1996
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Comparison between countries (2)
Water use by sector in Namibia, South Africa, Botswana, 1996 (%)
311329Households
993Services,Trade, Govt.
112Manufacturing
11310Mining
487358Agriculture
BotswanaSouth Africa
Namibia
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Comparison between countries (3)
National income generated per m3 of water used by sector, 1996 (pula/m3 of water used)
Namibia South Africa Botswana
Agriculture 6 2 8
Mining 54 61 420
Manufacturing 189 98 437
Services, trade, Govt.
542 155 724
GDP per m3 of water input
45 25 124
GDP per m3 of water input (excl. agricul.)
108 87 158
19Preferred supplier of quality statistics Water – May 06
Thank you
Anemé Malan
www.statssa.gov.za