VISTAS Data / Monitoring

Overview

Scott Reynolds SC DHEC- Larry Garrison KY DNREPData Workgroup Co-Chairs

RPO National Technical Workgroup Meeting – St Louis MO

November 4, 2003

In the beginning..

What data is available?

What are most important components of

PM2.5 and visibility in the VISTAS region?

What are spatial and seasonal trends in

PM2.5 and visibility?

Data Analysis

Collect Data and Archive

Assessment of the Monitoring Data

Data Gap Analysis

Data Analysis

Southeast IMPROVE, EPA FRM and STN, and SEARCH, available for 1998-2001

Report by Air Resource Specialists available:

www.vistas-sesarm.org/data

Data AnalysisAnalysis of Visibility and Particulate Data Within the

VISTAS Region • Spatial and temporal characterization of PM2.5 mass

• Spatial and temporal characterization of the contribution of chemical species to PM and light extinction during periods of high, medium, and low extinction

• Characterization of the importance of each aerosol species to extinction

• Review of alternate methods to estimate extinction from PM measurements.

• Meteorological back trajectories for periods of high and low extinction or species mass.

• Potential tracers which are indicative of specific event types.

• Visibility parameters in states surrounding the VISTAS region.

Extin

ctio

n (M

m-1

) Coarse

Soil

Organics

EC

NH3NO3

(NH4)2SO4

Rayleigh

Dol

ly S

ods,

WV

Shen

ando

ah, V

A

Jam

es R

vier

Fac

e, V

A

Mam

mot

h C

ave,

KY

Sips

ey, A

L

Gre

at S

mok

y M

tns,

TN

Linv

ille

Gor

ge, N

C

Swan

Qua

rter

, NC

Cap

e R

omai

n, S

C

Oke

feno

kee,

GA

Cha

ssah

owitz

ka, F

L

Ever

glad

es, F

L

Shin

ing

Roc

k, N

C

Light Extinction on 20% Haziest Days - IMPROVE 1998 - 2001

50

100

150

200

250

0

Extin

ctio

n (M

m-1

)

Qtr

Light extinction on 20% Haziest Days per QuarterIMPROVE -1998-2001

Coarse

Soil

Organics

EC

NH4NO3

(NH4)2SO4

Rayleigh

0

50

100

150

200

250

Win Spr Sum Fall Win Spr Sum Fall

Great Smoky Mtns, TN

Cape Romain, SC

G R SM - 100m72-hr Back Tra jectory

S ite

Low est Extinction

H ighest Extinction

72-hr Back Trajectories for Great Smoky Mountains National Park 5% haziest and 5% clearest days in 1998-2001

Data Gap

Draft Report being finalized, but.. Network comparisons

Continuous speciation, Neph, RH, Ammonium,

Particle Size distribution

Source Apportionment- CMB, Factor analysis

Monitor the edges

Monitoring

%U

%U

%U

%U

%U

%U

%U

%U

%U

%U

%U

%U

%U

%U

%U

%UGRSM

OKEF

SHEN

MACA

COHU

SAMA

SWAN

SIPS

EVER

ROMA

SHRO

LIGO

JARI

CHAS

WOLF

OCRWDOSO

IMPROVE %U

Class 1 Areas

Monitoring

Monitoring

Primary objective:

Enhance existing monitoring to create a more complete database to evaluate the Atmospheric Models

Monitoring

Every Species

Everywhere

All the time

Monitoring

At a minimum, daily speciation is needed Need hourly ambient data to characterize the

diurnal profile of the various species In addition to the components of PM, we would

like: NH3, HNO3, NO, NO2, NOy H2O2, VOCs, SO2,

CO Met, RH, Optical

All at one place

Monitoring

Continuous fine particulate speciation SO4, NO3, Carbon, LAC

Continuous Mass Gasses

NOy SO2, CO, O3

Met, RH, Optical Four sites

Monitoring

Focus Site Monitoring

Everything running at: Look Rock

Speciation, Aethalometer, mass, gasses Cape Romain

The same .. Millbrook

Ditto, plus Harvard Sulfate and ARA NH4-NO3

Atlanta Aeth, mass, IMPROVE protocol (real soon..)

Hourly

Cape Romain 8/1-8/7/03

0

5

10

15

20

25

8/ 1 8/ 2 8/ 3 8/ 4 8/ 5 8/ 6 8/ 7

PM25C SO4 NO3 TC OC BC EC

Preliminary Data

Hourly

Average Diurnal ConcentrationsCape Romain Focus Site 8/1/03-8/7/03

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Hour

Ammonium Sulfate Ammonium Nitrate Organics LAC PM25C

Preliminary Data Reconstructed Mass

Still more to do… Monitor reliability is a … challenge Filter data needed as a reference Nephelometer at Cape Romain ‘Extra’ monitoring Data Archive

In addition…

..to adding continuous PM2.5 Speciation at the Focus sites

Added NH4 analyses for 10 IMPROVE sites Adding relative humidity at 2 IMPROVE sites Adding Nephalometer at CR (Real Soon)

Planning the collection and analysis of carbon for for CMB at 5 sites

Beyond Focus…

Monitoring WG looking at : Chemical Mass Balance / C14 HiVol collection

and analysis Support additional monitoring SHEN, MACA Colo IMPROVE protocol Alternate speciation methods Upper Air met Additional Neph Additional Data Analysis

Next Steps..

Daily and hourly variation in PM2.5 and visibility existing Focus Sites, add KY or VA site

Sources of organic carbon contribution of fire

Inter-regional influences Natural Background Visibility

fire, vegetative emissions, dust, sea salt

Natural Visibility

VISTAS Class 1 Area Visibility TargetsWorst 20% days

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1988-

199

2

1990-

199

4

1992-

199

6

1994-

199

8

1996-

200

0

1998-

200

2

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

2016

2020

2022

2024

2026

2028

2030

2032

2034

2036

2038

2040

2042

2044

2046

2048

2050

2052

2054

2056

2058

2060

2062

2064

Dec

ivie

ws

5 y

ear

Ave

rage

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Sta

ndar

d V

isua

l Ran

geM

iles

Everglades

Mammoth Cave

Median SVR

20

18

www.vistas-sesarm.org

Ammonium /Sulfate Molar Ratio