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Videoconferencing: Network Tools & Troubleshooting
Dave Devereaux-Weber
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Internet2 Commons Site Coordinator TrainingSeptember 27, 2004Austin, Texas
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Duplex Mismatch – Detection
Show port statistics on the Ethernet switch. When mismatched, the full-duplex end will report a high level of CRC or alignment errors; the half-duplex end will report a high number of late collisions.
Port Align FCS Xmit Rcv UnderSize Err Err Err Err 2/11 - 0 0 3077 0 Port Single- Multi- Late- Excess- CarriSen Runts Giants Coll Coll Coll Coll 2/11 32330 2588 0 0 2489 0
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Ping
Test for availability, loss, and roundtrip time
ICMP Echo Request• Plus optional dummy payload – only in the direction of the ping, i.e., source to destination
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Sample Ping from Windows
C:\WINDOWS>ping 10.1.1.1 Pinging 10.1.1.1 with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 10.1.1.1: bytes=32 time=88ms TTL=112 Reply from 10.1.1.1: bytes=32 time=72ms TTL=112 Reply from 10.1.1.1: bytes=32 time=69ms TTL=112 Reply from 10.1.1.1: bytes=32 time=69ms TTL=112 Ping statistics for 10.1.1.1: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 69ms, Maximum = 88ms, Average = 74ms
C:\WINDOWS>
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Sample Ping from Windows
C:\WINDOWS>ping -l 40000 10.1.1.1 Pinging 10.1.1.1 with 40000 bytes of data: Reply from 10.1.1.1: bytes=40000 time=2412ms
TTL=112 Reply from 10.1.1.1: bytes=40000 time=2721ms
TTL=112 Reply from 10.1.1.1: bytes=40000 time=2761ms
TTL=112 Reply from 10.1.1.1: bytes=40000 time=2714ms
TTL=112 Ping statistics for 10.1.1.1: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0%
loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 2412ms, Maximum = 2761ms, Average =
2652ms C:\WINDOWS>
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Ping Big and Fast on Linux
ping -c2000 -i.03 -s1470 -q [destination]• Count of 2000 packets• Interval of .03 seconds between packet starts• Packet size of 1470 bytes• (2000)(.03) = 60 second long test• (1/(.03 sec/packet))(1470 bytes/packet)(8 bits/byte) = 392 Kbps
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Ping Big and Fast on Linux
$ ping -c2000 -i.03 -s1470 -q [hostname]
PING [hostname] ([hostaddr]) from [hostaddr2] : 1470(1498) bytes of data.
--- [hostname] ping statistics ---2000 packets transmitted, 2000 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 4.8/5.1/13.2 ms
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Traceroute
Used to discover the layer-3 network path (routers) between the two endpoints
Doesn’t identify layer-2 devices (switches)
Take baselines – know what your path should be in advance of trouble
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Traceroute
Microsoft Windows tracert uses ICMP
Unix traceroute uses UDP
If Microsoft Windows tracert appears to show continuous timeouts, the router may be filtering ICMP traffic – try a Unix/Linux traceroute.
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Traceroute; Sample Output
[dodpears@huck dodpears]$ traceroute www.internet2.edu traceroute to www.internet2.edu (209.211.239.208), 30 hops max, 38 byte
packets
1 wcc-sub5-hp1 (129.79.5.253) 11.726 ms 0.627 ms 0.571 ms 2 iub-gw (129.79.8.10) 3.133 ms 0.717 ms 0.651 ms 3 156.56.249.22 (156.56.249.22) 2.544 ms 3.138 ms 2.538 ms 4 abilene-iupui.abilene.ucaid.edu (198.32.11.13) 5.245 ms 3.402 ms
3.493 ms 5 clev-ipls.abilene.ucaid.edu (198.32.8.26) 9.381 ms 9.586 ms 9.244 ms 6 nycm-clev.abilene.ucaid.edu (198.32.8.30) 23.198 ms 21.963 ms
21.775 ms 7 border-abilene-oc3.advanced.org (209.211.237.97) 23.448 ms 23.268
ms 23.052 ms 8 www.internet2.edu (209.211.239.208) 23.559 ms 23.478 ms 23.234
ms
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Traceroute
8 www.internet2.edu (209.211.239.208) 23.559 ms 23.478 ms 23.234 ms
Hop
Router/host name
Router/host address
Round-trip times of each of three probes
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Traceroute – Example Uses
Identify the path, and then perform pings along the path segments to isolate troublesome segments.
Insure that Internet2 is being used for a connection, rather than commercial Internet.
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Looking Glass
These network tools work from your vantage point out; what if you want to measure from some other vantage point back in? You want a looking glass:
See traceroute.org
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Ping Plotter
Shareware tool; $15• http://www.pingplotter.com
Performs a visual traceroute and ping tests along the entire path
Permits identification of bottlenecks along a path
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Ping Plotter
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MRTG.ORG
Multi Router Traffic Grapher Open Source
Collect and graph scalar, time-based data, e.g., router and link performance data.
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MRTG Example
MRTG graph showing traffic from SLAC to a physics lab at University of Wisconsin
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Iperf
Client/server application that• Measures maximum TCP bandwidth• Facilitates tuning of TCP and UDP parameters• Reports bandwidth, jitter, and packet loss
http://dast.nlanr.net/Projects/Iperf/
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IperfExample on Intercampus DS3
At server, invoke:
iperf -fk -i30 -u -s(f)ormat reports in kbps
(i)nterval for reporting = 30 seconds
(u)dp
(s)erver mode
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Gnuplotping
Pings multiple hosts in parallel with graphical display (gnuplot) of the delay distribution.
Runs on Unix/X-Windows
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Gnuplotping
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Network Traffic Analyzer
Reveals the traffic on a LAN
Protocol analysis
Reports such as utilization, protocols, conversations, nodes, etc.
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Network Traffic Analyzer: Software
Ethereal http://ethereal.com/
EtherPeek http://wildpackets.com/
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Network Traffic Analyzer: Commercial Hardware
Fluke Networks NetTool http://www.flukenetworks.com/us/LAN/Handheld+Testers/NetTool/Overview.htm This is a technician-oriented tool to perform diagnostics and testing.
Fluke has an excellent white paper on auto-negotiation problems. Highly recommended.
Network Associates Sniffer http://nai.com/ This is an engineer-oriented tool to analyze packets and traffic- often needs interpretation.
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Internet2 Detective
I2 Detective is a small application. Very easy to use
Detects Internet2 connection.
Measures connection bandwidth (using Iperf).
Detects multicast connection.• http://detective.internet2.edu/
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ANL Web100 based Network Diagnostic Tester (NDT)
Highly recommendedhttp://miranda.ctd.anl.gov:7123/
• Located at Argonne National Laboratory; 100 Mbps FastEthernet network connection This java applet was developed to test the reliability and operational status of your desktop computer and network connection. It does this by sending data between your computer and this remote NDT server. These tests will determine:
• The slowest link in the end-to-end path (Dial-up modem to 10 Gbps Ethernet/OC-192)
• The Ethernet duplex setting (full or half); • If congestion is limiting end-to-end throughput.
It can also identify 2 serious error conditions: • Duplex Mismatch • Excessive packet loss due to faulty cables.
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H.323 Beacon
Open Source Software Used to measure, monitor and qualify the
performance of an H.323 Videoconference session.
Provides H.323-protocol specific evidence and other information necessary to troubleshoot H.323 application performance problems in the network and at the host (end-to-end) •http://www.itecohio.org/beacon/
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Other Tools
CAIDA Internet Measurement Tool Taxonomy http://www.caida.org/tools/taxonomy/measurement/
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ViDe Videoconferencing Cookbook
http://videnet.gatech.edu/cookbook/
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The Network
Information on these slides courtesy of
Doug Pearson
Indiana University
And
David Devereaux-Weber
University of Wisconsin-Madison