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USPAS 4th Generation Light Sources II Krafft/Bazarov 20 October 2002CHESS / LEPPCHESS / LEPP
USPAS Course on4th Generation Light Sources IIERLs and Thomson Scattering
G. A. Krafft and I. V. BazarovJefferson Lab and Cornell University
Thomson Scattering Sources
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USPAS 4th Generation Light Sources II Krafft/Bazarov 20 October 2002CHESS / LEPPCHESS / LEPP
Thomson Scatter Sources & Related Proposals
1. Thomson Scattering vs. Undulator Radiation2. Thomson Scattering Sources (TSS):
1. JLAB2. BNL3. Duke4. Berkeley5. Idaho Accelerator Center6. Naval Research Lab
3. Other proposals:1. Small-Angle Geometry2. Laser Electron Storage Ring
Sir J.J. Thomson
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USPAS 4th Generation Light Sources II Krafft/Bazarov 20 October 2002CHESS / LEPPCHESS / LEPP
Thomson Scattering vs. Undulator Radiation
λp
N N
N
S
SS
γ/K θ
λ
Lλ
λe–
• Undulator radiation can be looked as Thomson scattering (and vice versa)
• Same signature: polarization, harmonic content when a0, K ≥ 1
cmkeBK
ep
0=20
0 cmeAa
e
=
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USPAS 4th Generation Light Sources II Krafft/Bazarov 20 October 2002CHESS / LEPPCHESS / LEPP
Thomson Scattering Same as Short Undulator Radiation
)1(2
222 θγ
γλ
λ +≈ peptotph NNKN 2
, α≈For K ≤ 1:
1371
=e
erD
Scaling with undulator period of the formulas above:2~ γλp• to keep radiation wavelength the same:
• to keep the number of photons the sameif undulator length is kept the same: γ/1~0Bif number of periods is kept the same: 2
0 /1~ γB
B0 in undulator is limited to ~ Tesla, thus, electron energy is constrained to some multi-GeV, and undulator period to ~ cm for hard x-ray production.
~ (∆ω/ω)×(ε⊥/εph)2
useful fraction
πλ 4/
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USPAS 4th Generation Light Sources II Krafft/Bazarov 20 October 2002CHESS / LEPPCHESS / LEPP
Different Thomson Scattering Geometries
Lλ
λ
e–
φθ
φθγ
γλλ
cos11)1(
222
2 −+≈ L
Θ′=Ω′
22 sineT r
ddσ
66538 2 == eT rπσ mbarn
• possible advantages include compact design (small γ), fs x-ray pulses
• we’ll look at different examples of TSS: φ = π/2, φ = π and φ << 1
φ ′φ
S S′
φcoskk z =yk yy kk =′
)cos( φβγ −−=′ kk z
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USPAS 4th Generation Light Sources II Krafft/Bazarov 20 October 2002CHESS / LEPPCHESS / LEPP
Photons Wanted
kTh /~
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USPAS 4th Generation Light Sources II Krafft/Bazarov 20 October 2002CHESS / LEPPCHESS / LEPP
Reality Check Against Photon “Starvation”From undulator:
Thomson scattered x-rays: eLphT
totph NNN ,, areaspot focused~ σ
mostlyincoherent
photons
204)µm 100(
2, 10~
mbarn 665~areaspot focused~
2
πσ
αT
pLph NKN
Laser pulse needed:
≈
~1
or ~ 10 J / pulse (TW laser)or:
)W/cm()µm(1085.0/ 29200 LLe IcmeAa λ−×≈=
218 W/cm102.2 ×≈LI1~0a for
• can be tough to match laser and electron beams in space-time, i.e. only a fraction of electrons or photons will participate in scattering
• rep rate is limited to ~ kHz (don’t need more for pump probe exp.)
eptotph NNKN 2, α≈
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USPAS 4th Generation Light Sources II Krafft/Bazarov 20 October 2002CHESS / LEPPCHESS / LEPP
Outline
1. Thomson Scattering vs. Undulator Radiation2. Thomson Scattering Sources (TSS):
1. JLAB2. BNL3. Duke4. Berkeley5. Idaho Accelerator Center6. Japanese Tohuku Group
3. Other proposals:1. Small-Angle Geometry2. Laser Electron Storage Ring
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USPAS 4th Generation Light Sources II Krafft/Bazarov 20 October 2002CHESS / LEPPCHESS / LEPP
… …
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USPAS 4th Generation Light Sources II Krafft/Bazarov 20 October 2002CHESS / LEPPCHESS / LEPP
…
peak
peak
0.1 % bw
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USPAS 4th Generation Light Sources II Krafft/Bazarov 20 October 2002CHESS / LEPPCHESS / LEPP
Outline
1. Thomson Scattering vs. Undulator Radiation2. Thomson Scattering Sources (TSS):
1. JLAB2. BNL3. Duke4. Berkeley5. Idaho Accelerator Center6. Japanese Tohuku Group
3. Other proposals:1. Small-Angle Geometry2. Laser Electron Storage Ring
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USPAS 4th Generation Light Sources II Krafft/Bazarov 20 October 2002CHESS / LEPPCHESS / LEPP
Duke FEL γ-production
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USPAS 4th Generation Light Sources II Krafft/Bazarov 20 October 2002CHESS / LEPPCHESS / LEPP
Machine Description
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USPAS 4th Generation Light Sources II Krafft/Bazarov 20 October 2002CHESS / LEPPCHESS / LEPP
Measured γ-rays
Note: γ-ray polarization is ~ 100 %
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USPAS 4th Generation Light Sources II Krafft/Bazarov 20 October 2002CHESS / LEPPCHESS / LEPP
Future Plans
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USPAS 4th Generation Light Sources II Krafft/Bazarov 20 October 2002CHESS / LEPPCHESS / LEPP
Outline
1. Thomson Scattering vs. Undulator Radiation2. Thomson Scattering Sources (TSS):
1. JLAB2. BNL3. Duke4. Berkeley5. Idaho Accelerator Center6. Japanese Tohuku Group
3. Other proposals:1. Small-Angle Geometry2. Laser Electron Storage Ring
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USPAS 4th Generation Light Sources II Krafft/Bazarov 20 October 2002CHESS / LEPPCHESS / LEPP
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USPAS 4th Generation Light Sources II Krafft/Bazarov 20 October 2002CHESS / LEPPCHESS / LEPP
…
…
h ≈ 4 eV·fskT ≈ 1/40 eV
?
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USPAS 4th Generation Light Sources II Krafft/Bazarov 20 October 2002CHESS / LEPPCHESS / LEPP
…
…
…
…
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USPAS 4th Generation Light Sources II Krafft/Bazarov 20 October 2002CHESS / LEPPCHESS / LEPP
…
…
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USPAS 4th Generation Light Sources II Krafft/Bazarov 20 October 2002CHESS / LEPPCHESS / LEPP
Experimental ResultsR.W. Shoenlein et. al, Nature (274) 5285
e– beam50 MeV, 1.3 nC, 90 µm, 20 pslaser beam800 nm, 100 fs, 60 mJ, 30 µm
x-ray beam produced2 × 105 ph mm–2 mrad–2 s–1 in a 15% bandwidth
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USPAS 4th Generation Light Sources II Krafft/Bazarov 20 October 2002CHESS / LEPPCHESS / LEPP
Outline
1. Thomson Scattering vs. Undulator Radiation2. Thomson Scattering Sources (TSS):
1. JLAB2. BNL3. Duke4. Berkeley5. Idaho Accelerator Center6. Naval Research Lab
3. Other proposals:1. Small-Angle Geometry2. Laser Electron Storage Ring
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USPAS 4th Generation Light Sources II Krafft/Bazarov 20 October 2002CHESS / LEPPCHESS / LEPP
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USPAS 4th Generation Light Sources II Krafft/Bazarov 20 October 2002CHESS / LEPPCHESS / LEPP
The Layout
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USPAS 4th Generation Light Sources II Krafft/Bazarov 20 October 2002CHESS / LEPPCHESS / LEPP
Interaction Region
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USPAS 4th Generation Light Sources II Krafft/Bazarov 20 October 2002CHESS / LEPPCHESS / LEPP
Indirect Laser Pulse Measurements
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USPAS 4th Generation Light Sources II Krafft/Bazarov 20 October 2002CHESS / LEPPCHESS / LEPP
X-ray Measurements
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USPAS 4th Generation Light Sources II Krafft/Bazarov 20 October 2002CHESS / LEPPCHESS / LEPP
Outline
1. Thomson Scattering vs. Undulator Radiation2. Thomson Scattering Sources (TSS):
1. JLAB2. BNL3. Duke4. Berkeley5. Idaho Accelerator Center6. Naval Research Lab
3. Other proposals:1. Small-Angle Geometry2. Laser Electron Storage Ring
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USPAS 4th Generation Light Sources II Krafft/Bazarov 20 October 2002CHESS / LEPPCHESS / LEPP
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USPAS 4th Generation Light Sources II Krafft/Bazarov 20 October 2002CHESS / LEPPCHESS / LEPP
Outline
1. Thomson Scattering vs. Undulator Radiation2. Thomson Scattering Sources (TSS):
1. JLAB2. BNL3. Duke4. Berkeley5. Idaho Accelerator Center6. Naval Research Lab
3. Other proposals:1. Small-Angle Geometry2. Laser Electron Storage Ring
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USPAS 4th Generation Light Sources II Krafft/Bazarov 20 October 2002CHESS / LEPPCHESS / LEPP
…
… ≈ 3°
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USPAS 4th Generation Light Sources II Krafft/Bazarov 20 October 2002CHESS / LEPPCHESS / LEPP
3°
6°
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USPAS 4th Generation Light Sources II Krafft/Bazarov 20 October 2002CHESS / LEPPCHESS / LEPP
…
…
…
…
βx, y = 4 mm?
Note: state-of-the-art peak brightness from 3rd
generation light sources approaches 1024 photons s-1 mm-2 mrad-2 per 0.1% bw, and average fluxis 1015 photons s-1 per 0.1% bw.
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USPAS 4th Generation Light Sources II Krafft/Bazarov 20 October 2002CHESS / LEPPCHESS / LEPP
f104 per 0.1% bw
per pulse
should be 1018
Note: different laser parameters were used for different Thomson scattering sources
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USPAS 4th Generation Light Sources II Krafft/Bazarov 20 October 2002CHESS / LEPPCHESS / LEPP
Peak brightness alone can be misleading
Single photon peak brightness: 33 )2/()2(1hπ
=peakB
3o
24221 ))A(/(104.2bw) 0.1%per mradmmsphoton ( λ×=---peakB
or in conventional units:
peak brightness @ 1 Å when photon degeneracy is 1
SummaryThomson scattering sources can provide ~ 103-4 shorter pulses than that of 3rd
generation light sources, with peak brightness lower by at least ~ 103-4 and average flux lower by at least 109-10 assuming state-of-the-art rep rate for laser. Even if the rep rate of Thomson scattering event were somehow improved to some sub-GHz (c.f. next project), average flux would still be ~ 103-4 when compared to a 3rd generation light sources.
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USPAS 4th Generation Light Sources II Krafft/Bazarov 20 October 2002CHESS / LEPPCHESS / LEPP
Outline
1. Thomson Scattering vs. Undulator Radiation2. Thomson Scattering Sources (TSS):
1. JLAB2. BNL3. Duke4. Berkeley5. Idaho Accelerator Center6. Naval Research Lab
3. Other proposals:1. Small-Angle Geometry2. Laser Electron Storage Ring
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USPAS 4th Generation Light Sources II Krafft/Bazarov 20 October 2002CHESS / LEPPCHESS / LEPP
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USPAS 4th Generation Light Sources II Krafft/Bazarov 20 October 2002CHESS / LEPPCHESS / LEPP
General Idea
phase space damping rate:
phase space excitation rate:
EPphε∝ 2
4
ρEPph ∝ due to bends alone, i.e. small
ringphph HENE
22
1 &∝
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USPAS 4th Generation Light Sources II Krafft/Bazarov 20 October 2002CHESS / LEPPCHESS / LEPP
Damping From Thomson “Undulator”
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USPAS 4th Generation Light Sources II Krafft/Bazarov 20 October 2002CHESS / LEPPCHESS / LEPP
Theoretical emittance & energy spread
Note: large initial emittancecan hinder the damping
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USPAS 4th Generation Light Sources II Krafft/Bazarov 20 October 2002CHESS / LEPPCHESS / LEPP
Fabry-Perot resonator & Projected performance
laser peak power: 0.2 TW (transient)6 GW (steady)
rep rate: 0.1 GHz (steady)
laser power req.d: 200 W