Download - University Satellite Design Review at S5Lab
University Satellite Design Review at S5Lab
Sapienza Space Systems and Space Surveillance Laboratory
Fabio Santoni DIAEE – Dipartimento di Ingegneria Astronautica, Elettrica ed Energetica
Università degli Studi di Roma “la Sapienza”
Tokyo,13January2016
Fabrizio Piergentili DIMA – Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale
Università degli Studi di Roma “la Sapienza”
v S5LabAc)vity
v UniversitySatelliteDevelopment
v S5LabFacili)es
v URSAMAIORnano-satellite
v IKUNSnano-satellite
v Studentsatellitedesignprocessandreview
v Conclusions
INDEX
v University Satellites
• Mission analysis • On-board systems/sub-system • Complete satellite MAIT • Ground station operations • Data handling and processing
v Space surveillance systems
• Optical observation systems • Data analysis • Orbit determination • Active debris removal systems • Spectral analysis
S5LabACTIVITY
v URSA MAIOR (3U Cubesat, QB50) v IKUNS (Italian-Kenyan University Nano Satellite) v EQUO (EQUatorial Observatory for space debris)
v REXUS/BEXUS programme
ON-GOING SPACE PROJECTS
v S5LabAc)vity
v UniversitySatelliteDevelopment
v S5LabFacili)es
v URSAMAIORnano-satellite
v IKUNSnano-satellite
v Studentsatellitedesignprocessandreview
v LessonsLearned(Conclusions)
INDEX
UNIVERSITY SATELLITES • It is a functional spacecraft, rather than a payload instrument
or component. To fit the definition, the device must operate in space with its own independent means of communications and command
• Untrained personnel (i.e. students) performed a significant fraction of key design decisions, integration & testing, and flight operations • Teach how to manage resources (budget, mass, power, time) • Teach how to perform group-working
• The training of people is as important as (if not more important) the nominal “mission” of the spacecraft itself
SMALL SATELLITE DEVELOPMENT
v Design v Manufacturing
v Testing v Operations
v S5LabAc)vity
v UniversitySatelliteDevelopment
v S5LabFacili)es
v URSAMAIORnano-satellite
v IKUNSnano-satellite
v Studentsatellitedesignprocessandreview
v Conclusions
INDEX
S5Lab FACILITIES • MANUFACTURING(StructureandElectronics)
EngineeringFacultyMachineWorkshop
S5LabElectronicLaboratoryandrelatedequipment
S5LabMillingMachine
S5Lab FACILITIES
Low-VacuumChamber
• TESTING
S5Lab3DHelmholtzcoilsystem(Magne)cfieldsimulator)
S5Labfric)onlessairbearingsystemforspacecraTaUtudedynamicsandcontrol
tes)ng
S5LabSunSimulator
S5Lab3DoFADCStest-bedequippedwith
ControlMomentGyros(CMGs)
S5Lab FACILITIES • OPERATION:
S5LabURBEGS
S5LabRemotelycontrolledspacedebrisobservatory
S5LabGSmanagementfacili)es
v S5LabAc)vity
v UniversitySatelliteDevelopment
v S5LabFacili)es
v URSAMAIORnano-satellite
v IKUNSnano-satellite
v Studentsatellitedesignprocessandreview
v Conclusions
INDEX
University of Rome la SApienza Micro Attitude In ORbit testing
URSA MAIOR
QB50 scientific project aims to study in-situ temporal and spatial variations of a number of key constituents and
parameters in the lower thermosphere (400 km) with a network of 50 CubeSats
QB50 Project
Scientific/Technological Payloads
mNLP ARTICA MEMIT
URSA MAIOR Architecture
Main OBC
ADCS OBC
Telemetry board
Surrey ADCS & GPS
mNLP (University of Oslo)
RADIO UHF/VHF
SOLAR PANELS
& NiCd Battery
MEMIT
ARTICA
LEGEND:
inhousedevelopedelectronics
COTS/ScienceUnit
PC104bus
non-PC104bus
testpayloads
URSA MAIOR 1st Prototype URSA MAIOR
Proto-Flight model
URSA MAIOR CAD
URSA MAIOR FEM
DEVELOPMENT OVERVIEW
zy
x
VIBRATION TESTING
v S5LabAc)vity
v UniversitySatelliteDevelopment
v S5LabFacili)es
v URSAMAIORnano-satellite
v IKUNSnano-satellite
v Studentsatellitedesignprocessandreview
v Conclusions
INDEX
Concurrent Engineering Facility
ASI - Concurrent Engineering Facility
v S5LabAc)vity
v UniversitySatelliteDevelopment
v S5LabFacili)es
v URSAMAIORnano-satellite
v IKUNSnano-satellite
v Studentsatellitedesignprocessandreview
v Conclusions
INDEX
Typical Space Project Lifecycle and Development Steps
FULLPROJECTLIFECYCLE• Defini5onofrequirements• DesignandDevelopment• BuildandIntegra5on• Tes5ngandVerifica5on• Launch• Opera5ons• DataAnalysis• Documenta5on• FormalPresenta5onofResults
STEPSTOA(Hopefully)SUCCESSFULMISSION1. Agreeontheobjec5ves2. Definerequirements3. Makeaprojectplan4. Design5. Reviewthedesign6. Manufacture7. Verifyrequirementsaremet
8. Launch9. Opera5ons
S5Lab typical Project Lifecycle
FULLPROJECTLIFECYCLE• Defini5onofrequirements• DesignandDevelopment• BuildandIntegra5on• Tes5ngandVerifica5on
• Launch• Opera5ons• DataAnalysis• Documenta5on• FormalPresenta5onofResults
STEPSTOA(Hopefully)SUCCESSFULMISSION1. Agreeontheobjec5ves2. Definerequirements3. Makeaprojectplan4. Designthemissionandsystem5. Reviewthedesign6. Manufacture7. Verifyrequirementsaremet8. Launch9. Opera5ons
QuickandstronglyItera)veProcess,includingproofofconceptprototypes
S5Lab Nanosat Development Phases Protoflightapproach,dueto)meandbudgetconstraintsØ PreliminaryDesign(3months,typical)
• Define:Mission,Payloads,SpacecraWarchitecture• Preliminary:designbudgets,CADdrawings,…
Ø 1stPrototype(4months,typical)• Detailedsystemdesign• Builda(preliminary)prototypeofthespacecraW,including:structure,
electronics,mechanicalinterfacestopayloads,mechanisms(ifany)…• Verifyelectronics,components,lowlevelsoWwarerou5nes,interfaces…..• Verifyharnesslayout,satelliteassemblyandintegra5onprocedures• Tes5ng(Vibra5on,Thermal)
Ø Protoflight(5months,typical)• Fixerrors,selectfinalcomponents,updateassemblyprocedures• Develop(highlevel)soWware• Verifyandeventuallyfix“local”errors• Verifyassemblyandintegra5onprocedures• Tes5ng(Vibra5on,Thermal,ThermalVacuum)
Nanosat Preliminary Design Process Ideas(mission,payload(s),solu)ons…)
Definemissionobjec)vesandmissionscenario
Preliminarypayload’sand/orP/Linterfacedesign
PreliminaryspacecraTdesign
Costanalysis,budgetconstraints
Stateoftheart,commercialavailabilityofcomponents/subsystems
DefineRequirements
Nanosat Preliminary Design Process • Missionandpayloadideas(Phd,MscThesis,Professors)
Ø InternalLabPayloads(e.g.Technicaldemostra)on,inorbittes)ng)Ø ExternalPayloads(e.g.fundingagencyrequirements,scien)ficcoopera)on)
• PayloadObjec)veDefini)onandDesign(interfacedesignforexternalpayloads)• SpacecraTsubsystemsandsystemdesign
HINT:Ø Selectatleastonesimplepayloadtomeetminimalsuccesscriteria(e.g.contact
andtelemetrydownload)anddevotethenecessarybudgettothat,usingflight-provenhardware.
OUTPUT:Ø MissionScenarioØ ElectronicsBlockDiagramsØ Preliminaryselec)onandinfoon)metodeliveryofelectronicparts/components
CADDrawingsofthepreliminaryspacecraTand/orpayloadØ CostanalysisØ TimelinePlanningoftheac)vi)es
Ø DURATION:1-3months
Detailed Design and 1st Prototype • Detailedsystemdesign• Builda(preliminary)prototypeofthespacecraW,including:structure,
electronics,mechanicalinterfacestopayloads,mechanisms(ifany)…• Verifyelectronics,components,lowlevelsoWwarerou5nes,interfaces…..• Verifyassemblyandintegra5onprocedures• Tes5ng(Vibra5on,Thermal)• Eventuallyreviewdesignbasedonprocurementissues(e.g.discon5nued
products…..)
OUTPUT:
Ø DetailedfinaldesignfortheProtoflightmodelØ PossiblyWorkingpartsandsubsystemsfortheProtoflightmodelØ Consciousandrealis)cTimelinePlanningofac)vi)es)lllaunchØ Procurementofallpartsneededforprotoflight
Ø DURATION:3-5months
Proto-flight Model • BuildthespacecraW,including:structure,electronics,mechanicalinterfacesto
payloads,mechanisms(ifany)…• DevelopcompleteflightsoWware• DevelopcompletegroundsoWware• ExtensiveTes5ng(On-boardsoWwarealongwithgroundsta5onsoWware,
ExtensiveFunc5onaltes5ng,EnvironmentalTes5ng,including,Vibra5on,Thermal,Thermal-vacuum)
• Completefunc5onaltes5ngaWerenvironmentaltes5ng
OUTPUT:Ø Satellitereadyforlaunch
Ø DURATION:4-8months
Team Organization
PhdStudents(3studentsforURSAMAIORandIKUNS)Designresponsibility
MScThesis(about10peryear)Detaileddesigns,tes5ngprocedures,tests,
MScCourseinSpacecraTDesign(about25studentsperyear)Designac5vity,stateoftheartreviews,missionanalysis….)
BScThesis(about15peryear)Detaileddesigns,manufacturing,tes5ngprocedures,assistantintests,
BScCoursesinSpaceSystemsandSpaceSystemsLab(40students/year)Detailedtasks(e.g.execu5onoftests,partdesign…)
Professors Dailyinterac,on,Quickfeedback,FastDecisionMaking
Make or Buy? Ø Ifbudgetallows,“Buy”saves)meandimprovesreliability
Ø However,evenifbudgetallows,onemaychooseto“Make”• foreduca)onpurposes• togainexperienceinapar)cularfield• tosaverecurrentcostinfuturemissions
Ø “Make”isobviouswhenwhatyouneedisnotonthemarket
Ø “Make”involvesadevelopmentprocesswhichrequiresdesignandtes5ngitera5ons
Ø TypicalproductdevelopmentatS5Labwhenthereareitemsinvolvinga“Make”:• Preliminarydesign• 1stprototype(mock-up)• DesignrefinementandProtoflightmodel
Design process and review at S5Lab 1. AtS5Labthedesignteamissmallandtypicallynoexternalen55esare
involvedincri5caldesignac5vi5es,hencewecanfocusmainlyontheDesignprocess,morethanonthedesignreview.
2. Thedesignteamistypicallysmall(upto10people),whichallowssharingofideas,problemsandsolu5ononadailybasis,mostlyinperson,tosave5me
3. Thedesignistheresultofateamwork.Alldecisionsaretakentogether.Thisminimizesthepossibilityoferrors.
4. Exchangeoinforma)onisfastand“informal”.Everyteammemberisupdated“real-)me”ondecisionsanddesignupdates
5. Tools:• MissionanalysissoTware(orbit,visibility,aUtude,thermal)• CAD(mechanicalandelectronics)• subsystemprototypes
6. Aformalreviewistypicallynotrequired,sincethedesignisrevieweddaybyday
Lessons learned at S5Lab in University nanosats 1. Donotspendtoomuch5meindesigningdetailsintheearlyphaseoftheproject.Do
notpretendtoreachthefinaldesignbasedonlyonpaper,CADdrawings,numericalsimula)ons.Asoppositetocommonsense,prototypescansave)meandefforts,bygivingmuchmoreinsightintothesystemandprovidinginputsforsolu5onsthatwork.
2. Designyoursystemfromthebeginningbearinginmindaccessibilityandtes)ng.Verifybytes)ng.Simula5onscanhighlightmanyaspects,notall.
3. Atleasttwoitera)ons(includingprototypes)arenecessarytoreachthefinalprotoflightmodel
4. Checkavailabilityofpartsandprocureearly5. Defineaminimumsimpletaskandusefligh-provenhardwareforthat,sothatyoucan
claimamissionsuccess.Completefailureisfrustra5ng.6. Keepcomplexitylow.Asastudent,don’tpretendtodevelopcomplexmissionsina
universitycurriculum5me.7. Limitformaldocumenta5ononlytoexternalen55esinvolved(e.g.launchprovider).
KeeptrackofthedesigndirectlybysoWware(CADmodel,PCBlayoutsoWware….)8. ConcurrentEngineeringTools(ifavailable)makethedesignprocesseasierand
systema5c.Highlyinstruc5veforstudents