https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=juxL
uo-sH6M
Term Definition Example
Biosphere Everywhere life exists Planet Earth
Biodiversity Variety of life. Tropical Rain Forests
and Coral Reefs
Species Group of organisms so similar
that they can breed and
produce fertile offspring.
Homo sapiens
Orcinus orca
Tursiops truncatus
Biology The study of all forms of life. Bacteria -> Blue Whale
Organism Individual living thing YOU!!!!!
Cell Basic unit of life. Unicellular or
multicellular-> bacteria
to a blue whale.
Metabolism Chemical process that breaks
down or builds up materials.
ENERGY = ATP
Term Definition Example
DNA Genetic Material Fingerprints
System An organized group of related
parts that work together to form
a whole.
All of your organ
systems work together
so that you can
function.
Ecosystem Environment made up of living
and non-living things (abiotic
and biotic factors).
Abiotic= rocks, sand,
water, sun
Biotic= plants and
animals
Homeostasis Maintain constant internal
conditions. BALANCE.
Body temp.= 98.6 F /
37C
Evolution Change in a species over time. Fossils, comparative
anatomy, DNA
Adaptation An inherited trait that gives an
organism an advantage and is
passed to future generations.
Can be physical or behavioral.
Webbed feet in ducks,
wings, sharp teeth,
whiskers, long beak,
stripes, aerodynamic
body.
Term Definition Example
Autotrophs Make their own
food through
sunlight. *PRODUCER
Plants- photosynthesis
Chemoautotrophs Make their own food through
chemosynthesis
(ATP is synthesized
by using chemicals instead of sunlight).
Deep sea hydrothermal vents
ecosystems- hydrogen
sulfide.
Heterotrophs Rely on others for
food and energy.
*CONSUMER
Humans- cellular
respiration.
Abiotic Nonliving factor in an ecosystem.
Sunlight, temperature, nutrients, pH, water
Biotic Living things Plants, animals, fungi,
bacteria
Term Definition Example
Sexual
Reproduction
Two parents, requires
both sperm and egg,
offspring are genetically
different.
YOU!
Asexual
Reproduction
Only one parent,
offspring is genetically
identical to the parent.
Budding= Hydra
Fragmentation= Sea star
Binary Fission= Bacteria
Budding A small projection grows
on the surface of a parent
organism, forming a
separate individual.
Hydra and yeast
Fragmentation Parent organism splits into
pieces, each of which
can grown into a new
organism.
Sea Stars and flatworms
Binary Fission Asexual reproduction of
a single celled organism
by division into two
roughly equal parts.
Bacteria
They MUST have these 9 characteristics: 1. Made up of cells
2. Metabolism
3. DNA
4. Stimulus
5. Reproduction
6. Evolution
7. Homeostasis
8. Grow and develop
9. Chemical Uniqueness
The basic unit of life.
Chemical factory—much metabolism.
Multicellular – Most Eukaryotes, many celled like
us.
Unicellular- Prokaryotes (bacteria) , most protists,
and yeast (single-celled fungi).
Found in dead matter like a tree stump.
Most are microscopic, a few are macroscopic.
Different cells have specialized functions. For
example, your muscle cells contract and relax,
while your stomach cells secrete digestive juices.
Chemical process that builds up or breaks
down materials.
Every cell needs energy in order to survive.
Obtained by eating food, sunlight, or
chemicals.
Autotrophs- make their own food through
photosynthesis, such as plants.
Chemoautotrophs- make their own food through
chemicals / chemosynthesis.
Heterotrophs- rely on others for food.
Indirectly from photosynthesis and directly from
cellular respiration, in the form of ATP- Adenosine
Triphosphate.
All organisms must react in order to survive.
Organisms react to different factors.
Abiotic- nonliving, such as rocks, temperature,
nutrients, pH, etc
Biotic- living things, such as plants, animals,
bacteria, fungi, etc.
What happens
when you touch a
hot stove? Do you
leave your hand
on there?
Ecosystems are made up of both living
and nonliving things.
The abiotic factors directly affect the
biotic factors.
For example, if the temperature of the
bay drastically drops, many of the fish
may die because they can’t regulate
their body temperature.
http://www.discov
ery.com/tv-
shows/life/videos/v
enus-flytrap-
catches-flies/
http://naturesvenusflytrap.weebl
y.com/venus-fly-trap.html
Stores genetic information
Made up of nucleotides (4 nitrogenous
base pairs-AGCT), sugars, and
phosphates.
Adenine (A) pairs up with Thymine (T)
Guanine (G) pairs up with Cytosine (C)
The sequence of the bases is what codes
for the order of amino acids in the
protein sequence (amino acids).
Change in a species over time.
Process of biological change by which descendants come to differ from their ancestors.
Examples of evidence- fossil record, embryology, comparative anatomy, biogeography, and molecular DNA.
Adaptation- an inherited trait or gene that helps some individuals of a species survive and reproduce more successfully than others. The ones that don’t adapt will die off. Sometimes different populations of the same species live in
different environments. Therefore, they have different needs and adapt differently, evolving into different species.
http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/anole-lizards-example-speciation
Example of
adaptation https://www.pinterest.com/pin/3
29677635196634636/
Goal= to produce new individuals, and to pass on DNA to future generations.
Two types- sexual and asexual Sexual- two parents required, exchange of
gametes (sex cells), and the offspring are genetically different.
Asexual- requires only one parent and the offspring are genetically identical to the parent (ex- sea star).
Budding
Fragmentation
Binary Fission
Jawfish male holds unhatched eggs in his mouth. The male churns the eggs by spitting them out and sucking them back in. This allows the male to remove debris, aerate the eggs, and rotate eggs for proper development.
The male seahorse carries the offspring
Elephant gestation is 22 months
Killer whale gestation is 16 months
Human gestation is 9 months
http://www.funscience.in/study-
zone/Biology/AsexualReproduct
ion/Budding.php
https://science9ldssblock1.wikis
paces.com/Katie%27s+Biology+
Project
https://www.tes.com/lessons/H0
4C2gVfizVzBA/amazing-life-
cycles
http://www.sciencecounts2.com/
binary-fission.html
Regulation and maintenance of constant internal conditions in an organism. BALANCE!
Controlled by hormones and the nervous system.
Body temp. is 37 C or 98.6 F
Important because cells function best within a certain range of conditions. Temperature, glucose, water, pH, gases, nutrients, salt, etc. must be maintained/ balanced or it can be fatal.
Negative and Positive feedback loops.
Grades
Progress reports
Comments from a teacher on a paper you
wrote
One on one discussion about your
performance.
Rubric
Mechanism- a system of parts that operate or interact like those of a machine.
Control- an instrument used to operate, regulate, or guide a machine.
Sensor- a device that receives and responds to a signal.
Set point- the point at which a circuit is either activated or deactivated.
Target- something aimed or fired at.
Feedback- return of a portion of the output of a system to the input, used to maintain performance or control.
Loop- a closed circuit.
Thermostat- senses the temperature of a system.
A sensor in the thermostat constantly measures
the temperature of the room.
A control mechanism then compares the actual
room temperature to the set temperature.
Let’s say the set temperature is 21C (70F). When
the temperature falls below 21C, the thermostat
kicks on by sending an electronic message to
the furnace.
When the sensor on the thermostat indicates
that the air temperature is back to 21C,
another message is sent that turns off the
furnace.
Result- the room is always within a few
degrees of the desired temperature.
Of course in Florida this would resemble our
air conditioners!
Your body is set up to regulate
temperature just like a thermostat. It’s an
internal control system that includes
sensors, a control center, various
communication systems, and targets.
They are called receptors in our body.
Receptors spend a lot of time gathering information about what is going on inside and outside the body.
Ex- when it’s hot or cold, there are receptors in your skin and nose that gather information about the air temperatures.
Brain- receives information from the sensors.
The brain will then compare information to the ideal / set points, at which the body functions best at.
If there is an issue, such as the body being above or below that set point, the brain will send a message via a communication system (nervous or endocrine system/ hormones).
Nervous and Endocrine
system carry messages to
all parts of the body.
Nervous system= nerve
impulses (electrical)
Endocrine system=
hormones (chemical)
The nerve impulses and
hormones tell the targets in
the body how to respond to
the stimuli.
Any cell, tissue, or organ that changes its
level of activity.
Example- if it’s cold outside, a message
may be sent to the muscles to start
shivering. Shivering generates body
heat, therefore increasing temperature.
A control system responds when conditions change from the ideal or set point and returns conditions to this set point.
Continuous cycle
Example- Blood glucose concentrations rise after a meal (the stimulus), and insulin causes glucose to be removed from the bloodstream (the response), which decreases blood glucose.
Exercise creates metabolic heat, which raises body temperature (the stimulus) and vasodilation and sweating (the response) cools the body.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/higher/biology/control_regulation/ho
meostatic_control/revision/1/
Control system in which sensory information causes the body to increase the rate of change away from homeostasis. › Ex- cut your finger, positive feedback mechanisms
increase the rate of change in clotting factors in the blood until the wound is sealed.
› Ex- hormones during puberty. The body needs specific levels to accomplish the changes that need to take place.
› Ex-when a baby first suckles its mother's nipple, a small amount of breast milk is released (the stimulus) and a hormone is released which increases milk production (the response).
All organisms have a life cycle that they
go through from origin (when the sperm
fertilizes the egg = fertilization) to
adulthood.
Changes in size, shape, and differentiation
in structures.
Unicellular = simple and multicellular=
complex.
Metamorphosis- many organisms have
similar early stages of development and
are hard to tell apart.
https://ogremk5.wordpress.com/
2011/06/20/your-inner-fish-
chapter-5/
Complex molecular organization.
Carbon backbone.
Macromolecules- Proteins, Lipids,
Carbohydrates, and Nucleic
Acids
Ex-DNA