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TOONLANAT THUANTHONG
THE SKELETAL SYSTEMTHE SKELETAL SYSTEM
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Functions of The Skeletal system
• Support body weight• Enable movement• Protect vital organs• Point of attachment for muscles• Storage of minerals
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Bones Classifications
By region
• Axial Skeleton• Skull• Vertebrae• Ribs• Sternum
• Appendicular Skeleton• Upper extremities• Lower extremities
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Bones Classifications
• By shape
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Harversian system
Compact boneCompact bone
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Bone marrow• Red bone marrow
• Yellow bone marrow
– Fat cell
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Microscopic Structure of Bone
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Bone development or growth
• Intramembranous ossification– formation of cranial bones of the skull and the clavicles– An ossification center appears– Bone matrix is secreted within the fibrous membrane
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Bone development or growth
• Endochondral ossification – Uses hyaline cartilage “bones” as models for
bone construction– Formation begins at the primary ossification
center
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Bone repair
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SKULL
Frontal Frontal
MandibleMandible
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ParietalParietal
TemporalTemporal
Frontal Frontal
OccipitalOccipital
MandibleMandible
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MandibleMandible
OccipitalOccipital
ParietalParietal
TemporalTemporal
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TemporalTemporal
OccipitalOccipital
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Fontanelle
-Anterior fontanelle จะปิ�ดสนิ�ทเมื่� ออายุ� 12-18 เด�อนิ
-Posterior fontanelle ปิ�ดเมื่� ออายุ�ปิระมื่าณ 2 เด�อนิ
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Vertebral Column• 7 Cervical• 12 Thoracic• 5 Lumbar• 1 Sacrum• 1 Coccyx
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Sacrum
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Sternum
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Ribs
• True ribs - 1 st - 7th ribs • False ribs - 8 th - 10th ribs • Floating ribs - 11th - 12th ribs
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Scapula
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Humerus
Ulna
Radius
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Carpal bone
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Pelvis
symphysis Pubis
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Sex Determination
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FemurFemurTibia
Fibula
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Patella
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joints
• Classification of joints– Fibrous joints
• Suture• Syndesmosis
– Cartilaginous joints • Synchondrosis• Symphysis
– Synovial joints • Gliding joint • Hinge joint • Pivot joint • Ellipsoidal joint/ condylar joint
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Fibrous joints
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Cartilaginous joints
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Synovial joints
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Humerus
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Scapula
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Foramen magnum
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Mandible
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Frontal bone
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Carpal bone
Metacarpal bone
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Sacrum
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ClavicleClavicle
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