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Page 1: Tire Impression and Tire Track Evidence · 2018. 8. 29. · The type of evidence the researchers are looking at are tire mark impressions. There is an abundance of information that

YOYOWhattypeofevidencearetheseresearcherslookingat?Namethekindsofofinformationthatisavailableinthistypeofevidence.

WhoisLeadFoot?

Page 2: Tire Impression and Tire Track Evidence · 2018. 8. 29. · The type of evidence the researchers are looking at are tire mark impressions. There is an abundance of information that

Thetypeofevidencetheresearchersarelookingataretiremarkimpressions.

Thereisanabundanceofinformationthatcanbetakenfromatireimpression.Itisclassevidence,butwiththewearandspecificuseitcanbeindividualevidence.Thereismanufacturemakeandmodel,treaddesign,treadwear,materials,inflation,damagemarks,etc……

“LeadFoot”isaplayonwordsoftheconceptofBigFoot,alegendaryhuman-likecreaturethatissaidtoinhabitthedeepforestsandremoteplacesofthecountry.

Page 3: Tire Impression and Tire Track Evidence · 2018. 8. 29. · The type of evidence the researchers are looking at are tire mark impressions. There is an abundance of information that

IntrotoForensics:Ms.Scanlon,Ms.Mammolito1/2/2018

HappyNewYear!

Aim:Whyaretiremarkimpressionsimportantevidenceatacrimescene?

Page 4: Tire Impression and Tire Track Evidence · 2018. 8. 29. · The type of evidence the researchers are looking at are tire mark impressions. There is an abundance of information that

TireImpressionandTireTrackEvidence

Page 5: Tire Impression and Tire Track Evidence · 2018. 8. 29. · The type of evidence the researchers are looking at are tire mark impressions. There is an abundance of information that

I.Overview:

• Whatisatireimpression?=2or3-Dmarksthatreflectthetreaddesignanddimensionalfeaturesoftires

• Whatisatiretrack?=therelativedimensionsbetweentwoormoretiresofavehicle

http://www.suite101.com/view_image.cfm/454216

http://www.tire-information-world.com/image-files/tire-tracks-in-snow.jpg

Page 6: Tire Impression and Tire Track Evidence · 2018. 8. 29. · The type of evidence the researchers are looking at are tire mark impressions. There is an abundance of information that

CrimeScenesandTireTracks

• Whydowecareaboutthistypeofevidence?Tohelpproveasuspectvehiclewaspresentatthecrimesceneandtoreconstructevents/leadtootherevidence

Page 7: Tire Impression and Tire Track Evidence · 2018. 8. 29. · The type of evidence the researchers are looking at are tire mark impressions. There is an abundance of information that

II.Backgroundinfoontires• Tirescomeinthousandsofdesignsandnumeroussizes.

• Tiresonnewvehiclesareknownasoriginalequipment(OE)tires.

Importance=thesamemakeandmodelvehicleswillhavethesametiresizeandbrand

• Tirespurchasedtoreplaceworndownordamagedtiresarecalledreplacementtires.

Importance=replacementtiresareusuallynot thesamedesignasOE...soavehiclewith3or4replacementtires,eachofdifferentdesign,setsupauniquesituation

Page 8: Tire Impression and Tire Track Evidence · 2018. 8. 29. · The type of evidence the researchers are looking at are tire mark impressions. There is an abundance of information that

• Tireconstruction:• Tiresaremadeofvariouscompoundsofrubber,steel,andfabric.

• Thetireisconstructedwithoutanydesignfirst(greentire).Thenplacedinamoldwheretreadandsidewalldesignsareadded.

http://images.motorcyclecruiser.com/tech/tirez-cutaway-md.jpg

Greentire

http://www.sincerelysustainable.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/espec.jpg

Page 9: Tire Impression and Tire Track Evidence · 2018. 8. 29. · The type of evidence the researchers are looking at are tire mark impressions. There is an abundance of information that

III.Tiretreadandsidewallcomponents:

• Treaddesigncomponents—canbeassociatedwithabrandnameandmanufacturer• Sketchfigure19.3intextbookonpage379.

Besuretoindicatethefollowingpoints:centerline,rib,groove,slot,designelement,sipe,andtreadwearindicator

http://www.centralia.edu/academics/forensicscience/FORS%20101/PowerPointPres/LTire.ppt

Page 10: Tire Impression and Tire Track Evidence · 2018. 8. 29. · The type of evidence the researchers are looking at are tire mark impressions. There is an abundance of information that

• Sidewallcomponents—Ølabelside(faceoutward)Øserialside(faceinward)Informationimportanttoinvestigators• Tirebrandandstylename(bothsides)

• Ex.MichelinXM+S244

• Tiresize(bothsides)• Ex.P19575/R15

• DepartmentofTransportation(DOT)Number(serialside)• BeginswithDOT• Next=symbolsformanufacturerandplantcode(wheremade)• Next=3or4numbersthatrepresentweekandyeartiremanufactured(ex.4901=49th weekof2001)

• NOTE:sometiresareretread.ThesetireswillhaveaDOTRnumber.

http://images.motorcyclecruiser.com/tech/tirez-cutaway-md.jpg

Page 11: Tire Impression and Tire Track Evidence · 2018. 8. 29. · The type of evidence the researchers are looking at are tire mark impressions. There is an abundance of information that

IV.NoiseTreatment• Astiresrotatethedesignelementsvibrateandproducenoise.

• Ifallelementswerethesamesize(whichrelatestopitch),thenoisewouldbeveryloud.

• Noisetreatment=tireindustrycreatingtiredesignsthatvarythesizeofthedesignelementsaroundthetire.

Images:http://www.centralia.edu/academics/forensicscience/FORS%20101/PowerPointPres/LTire.ppt

Page 12: Tire Impression and Tire Track Evidence · 2018. 8. 29. · The type of evidence the researchers are looking at are tire mark impressions. There is an abundance of information that

V.Treadwearindicators:• Wearbars—indicatewhentireshouldbereplaced

Importanceinforensics=canberetainedin3-Dimpressions

Image:http://gallery.rennlist.com/albums/HRE-843-Yok-AVS/tire_wear_bar_front_1.jpg

Page 13: Tire Impression and Tire Track Evidence · 2018. 8. 29. · The type of evidence the researchers are looking at are tire mark impressions. There is an abundance of information that

VI.TireTrackEvidence:• Includestiretrackwidth,wheelbasedimensions,andturningdiameter• Tiretrackwidth=measurementmadefromcenterofonewheelorimpressiontocenteroftheopposite(NOTE:manyvehiclescansharethesame)

Images:http://www.centralia.edu/academics/forensicscience/FORS%20101/PowerPointPres/LTire.ppt

Page 14: Tire Impression and Tire Track Evidence · 2018. 8. 29. · The type of evidence the researchers are looking at are tire mark impressions. There is an abundance of information that

• Wheelbasedimensions=themeasurementbetweenthecentersofthehubsofthefrontwheelstothecenterofthehubsoftherearwheels(NOTE:rarelyisenoughinfodetailretainedatscenetodeterminethismeasurement)

Images:http://www.centralia.edu/academics/forensicscience/FORS%20101/PowerPointPres/LTire.ppt

Page 15: Tire Impression and Tire Track Evidence · 2018. 8. 29. · The type of evidence the researchers are looking at are tire mark impressions. There is an abundance of information that

• Turningdiameter=diameterofthecircleavehiclemakeswhensteeringwheelisfullyturned.(NOTE:canonlybeusedtoeliminatevehiclesthatcannotturnatleastthatsharply)

Images:http://www.centralia.edu/academics/forensicscience/FORS%20101/PowerPointPres/LTire.ppt

Turningdiameter=diameterofthecircleavehiclemakeswhensteeringwheelisfullyturned.(NOTE:canonlybeusedtoeliminatevehiclesthatcannotturnatleastthatsharply)

Page 16: Tire Impression and Tire Track Evidence · 2018. 8. 29. · The type of evidence the researchers are looking at are tire mark impressions. There is an abundance of information that

VII.RecoveryofTireEvidence:• First=generalcrimescenephotographs(lotsfrommanyangles),andnotes(numberoftracks,relationshiptooneanother,directionoftravel)

• Then=examinationqualityphotograph...thisisdoneinsamemannerasfootwearevidenceEXCEPTforlongertireimpressions...longerimpressionstakenassequentiallyoverlappingphotos.

(NOTE:allphotosshouldbetakenwithrulerorothersizereferencedeviceplacednextto,NEVERwithin,theimpression)

Page 17: Tire Impression and Tire Track Evidence · 2018. 8. 29. · The type of evidence the researchers are looking at are tire mark impressions. There is an abundance of information that

• Then=casting..anyimpression4ftorsmallershouldalwaysbecast...often,castoffersbestphysicalevidenceforlatercomparisonwithatire

Images:http://www.centralia.edu/academics/forensicscience/FORS%20101/PowerPointPres/LTire.ppt

Page 18: Tire Impression and Tire Track Evidence · 2018. 8. 29. · The type of evidence the researchers are looking at are tire mark impressions. There is an abundance of information that

VIII.TireEvidenceExamination:• Firstthetreadswillbecomparedwith...

• Knowntires

• Suspectvehicles...seizetiresfromvehicle,notingpositiononcar

• Eliminationvehicles(vehiclesknowntohavebeenatthescene,i.e.policecar)...apictureoftireisusuallyallthatisneeded

***tiredesignmostusefultoruleouttires• Thenifsimilardesign...thetiresmustbeanalyzedfurthertomakeamatch.• Todoso,willneedtomakeatestimpressionwithsuspecttire(s)...usuallydoneonclearmaterialsocanbesuperimposedonimpressionfromscene.

Page 19: Tire Impression and Tire Track Evidence · 2018. 8. 29. · The type of evidence the researchers are looking at are tire mark impressions. There is an abundance of information that

• Analysisincludes:• Closerlookattreaddesignelements,grooves,andsipes• Treaddimensionandtrackcharacteristics(NOTE:TreadDesignGuide andWhoMakesitandWhere listsissuedyearlyasreferencematerialaswellasadatabasetostorewheelbase,trackwidth,andturningradiuscanhelpcreatelistsofpossiblevehicles)

• Noisetreatmentandwearfeatures—usefultosignificantlynarrowdownthepossiblenumberoftires.Also,wearbarsandnoisetreatmentcanbeusedincombinationtolocateoreliminatetheareasofthetirethathavemadethesceneimpression.

• Randomindividualcharacteristicsordistinguishablemarks—includesstones,glass,nails,cutsandifpresentonbothimpressionandsuspecttire,thiscanallowforpositiveID

• Multipletiresofdifferentdesigns—whenfoundononevehicle,thelikelihoodoffindinganothervehiclewiththesamecombinationoftiredesignsissmallornonexistent.

Page 20: Tire Impression and Tire Track Evidence · 2018. 8. 29. · The type of evidence the researchers are looking at are tire mark impressions. There is an abundance of information that

SummaryandWrapUp

Givesomereasonswhytiretrackimpressionsareimportantatacrimescene.

Page 21: Tire Impression and Tire Track Evidence · 2018. 8. 29. · The type of evidence the researchers are looking at are tire mark impressions. There is an abundance of information that

GotoDiscoveryStreamingvideo:“ForensicDetectives:MysteriesandSolutions.”(2004)

Viewthefollowingtwoclipsonly:1-ExaminingTireTreadPrints[02:51]2-TireIdentification[02:07]


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