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The Global Development Gap
04/14/2023 Communication for Global Leaders 1
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Question
Is the gap between developing and developed countries getting bigger or smaller ?
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Introduction
1. Development of the income gap
2. Reasons of the gap and chances to close
3. How does this matter to Japan?
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Development of the income gap
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Analysis
• Total GNI is increasing
• Asia and Africa have kept bottom
• Few countries’ GNI is much higher than others
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GNI per capita
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Analysis
• High GNI countries' gap is high
• The gap is increasing, especially top and others
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Examples of the gap
• Top 1 % ’s income is 20 % of US GNPBill Gates and Warren Buffett‘s asset is same as under 40%‘s
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Reasons and measures
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Reasons of the gap
• Globalization - Development of capital market
• Technology advance - Progress of ICT
• Relaxation of regulations – Tax system
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Chances the gap will close
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
• 8 international development goals by 2015. • 189 countries commit
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Millennium Development Goals
1. Eradicating poverty 2. Achieving universal primary education3. Promoting gender equality 4. Reducing child mortality rates5. Improving maternal health6. Combating HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases7. Ensuring environmental sustainability8. Developing a global partnership for development
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MDGs - Within close reach
• Extreme poverty rate 1990 : 2 bln → 2010 : 1.4 bln
• Primary education rate 1999: 58% → 2010 : 76 % in sub-Saharan Africa
• Environment 86% people can get safe water
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Communication for Global Leaders
MDGs - Gradually
• Combating diseases
HIV patients 2000 : 2.2 mil → 2010 : 1.8 mil
New HIV patients in central Asia → increasing
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MDGs - failure
• Promoting gender equality
• Reducing child mortality rates
• Improving maternal health
• Goal : 0.7% of GNI for ODA × still 0.31%
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Chances the gap will close
Flexicurity – Denmark
Flexicurity = Flexibility + Security
1. flexibility in the labor market2. social security 3. an active labor market policy04/14/2023 Communication for Global Leaders 17
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How does this matter to Japan?
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How does this matter to Japan?
• Salary decrease
• Fixed society - Hierarchization
• Deteriorating security
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Conclusion
• The gap is increasing, especially top and others
• There are some chances the gap will close
• The gap worsens the world
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