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April 11, 2023
The End(s) of e-Research
Ralph Schroeder, Professor, MSc Programme DirectorEric T. Meyer, Research Fellow, DPhil Programme Director
@etmeyer
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e-Research is defined as:
research using
digital tools and data
for the distributed and collaborative
production of knowledge
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End 1: The e-Science Programme
e-Research is not a separate entity; it consists merely of computational support for other disciplines, and these are where the real research is taking place.
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Source: Meyer, E.T., Schroeder, R. (2009). Untangling the Web of e-Research: Towards a Sociology of Online Knowledge. Journal of Informetrics 3(3):246-260
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End 2: Accidental e-Researchers
We are all becoming e-Researchers; successful e-Research will become so mundane and expected that it will disappear from daily notice, like other
infrastructures.
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End 3: The March of Progress
Grid computing (the original incarnation of e-Science) was displaced by web services, then by the cloud; the cloud is now giving way to ‘big data’, which will no doubt be replaced by something else.
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Research computing
The Grid
Supercomputing
Clouds
Big Data
Web 2.0
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Research computing
The Grid
Supercomputing
Clouds
Big Data
Web 2.0
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Emergent Foci
Number of academic articles including mentions of computational approaches to research in their title,abstract, or keywords. Source: Scopus queries by the authors. * 2012 only includes data through September.
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Emergent Foci: Media Framing
Number of news articles including mentions of big data. Source: Lexis/Nexis queries by the authors.
Cloud computing: 3k-4k per month
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Styles of Science
Hacking: styles of science (after Crombie)1. taxonomic
2. statistical3. modelling4. observation and measurement5. historico-genetic development 6. mathematical postulation+7. laboratory(+8. algorithmic?)
Styles of science, but also mathematization and other forms of symbolic manipulation via cataloguing, image analysis, etc.
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Disciplinarityand the Uneven Distribution of Computation and Scientization
Sciences: algorithms across the styles (modelling, statistics,…), data deluge,...
Social Sciences: statistics, image analysis, mapping,…
Humanities: patterns in words, numbers, images, sounds,… (ie. Google Books)
Arts: audience engagement, new forms of performance, …
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Source: CERN, CERN-EX-0712023, http://cdsweb.cern.ch/record/1203203
Particle Physics and EGEE: The world’s largest e-Science collaboration
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Social Sciences: Growing influence of new tools and approaches
Ackland, R. (2010), "WWW Hyperlink Networks," Chapter 12 in D. Hansen, B. Shneiderman and M. Smith (eds), Analyzing Social Media Networks with NodeXL: Insights from a connected world. Morgan-Kaufmann.
VOSON (NodeXL version)
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Social Sciences: Search engine behaviour
Waller’s analysis of Australian Google Users
Key findings:- Mainly leisure- < 2% contemporary issues- No perceptible ‘class’ differences
Novel advance:- Unprecedented insight into what people
search for
Challenge:- Replicability- Securing access to commercial data
V. Waller, “Not Just Information: Who Searches for What on the Search Engine Google?”, Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 62(4): 761-75, 2011.
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Humanities: Large-scale text analysis
Michel et al. ‘culturomic’ analysis of 5 Million Digitized Google Books and Perc analysis of the same data
Key findings:- Patterns of key terms- Industrialization tied to shift from abstract to concrete words
Novel advance:- Replicability, extension to other areas, systematic analysis of cultural materials
Challenge:- Data quality
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Fig. 1 Culturomic analyses study millions of books at once.
Published by AAAS
J. Michel al. Quantitative Analysis of Culture Using Millions of Digitized Books. Science: Vol. 331 no. 6014 pp. 176-182. 2010.
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Evolution of popularity of the top 100 n-grams over the past five centuries.
Perc M. (2012) Journal of the Royal Society Interface doi:10.1098/rsif.2012.0491
See: http://goo.gl/2URVT
©2012 by The Royal Society Slide from John Lavagnino, King’s College London
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Digital transformations of research
Computational Manipulability +
Research Technologies(Mathematization)
Socio-Technical Organization
(Computerization movements)
Transformations of Research Front
(For different fields)
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Big DataAccessing and Using Big Data to Advance Social Science Knowledge
See http://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/research/projects/?id=98
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Oxford Internet Institute
With support from:
Eric T. [email protected]
http://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/people/?id=120@etmeyer
Ralph [email protected]
http://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/people/?id=26