The Coming of War
Sectional strife and
Politics
Missouri Compromise
• Missouri was admitted to the union as a slave state, and Maine was admitted as a free state.
Illinois (1818) Alabama (1819)
Indiana (1816) Mississippi (1817)
Ohio (1803) Louisiana (1812)
Vermont (1791) Tennessee (1796)
Rhode Island Kentucky (1792)
New York Virginia
New Hampshire North Carolina
Massachusetts South Carolina
Connecticut Maryland
New Jersey Georgia
Pennsylvania Delaware
Balance of Free and Slave States (1821)
Free States Slave States
Original 13 States
Maine (1820) Missouri (1821)
• Slavery was allowed in the part of the Louisiana Purchase south of the 36 , 30'N.• Slavery was banned north of 36 , 30'N, except for Missouri.
Sectionalism – loyalty to a state or section rather than to the whole country.
Sectional Differences
The South vs North
Sectional Differences
• North• Orig. settled for
religious purpose (puritans)
• Factories and small family farms with livestock
• Social structure- more educated and more or less equal
• South• Settled by farmers
and set up for trade• Agrarian. Many huge
plantations with crops• Slave based
aristocratic based society
Southern Society Southern Society (1850)(1850)
Southern Society Southern Society (1850)(1850)““Slavocracy”Slavocracy”
[plantation owners][plantation owners]““Slavocracy”Slavocracy”
[plantation owners][plantation owners]
The “Plain Folk”The “Plain Folk”[white yeoman farmers][white yeoman farmers]The “Plain Folk”The “Plain Folk”
[white yeoman farmers][white yeoman farmers]
6,000,0006,000,000
Black FreemenBlack FreemenBlack FreemenBlack Freemen
Black SlavesBlack Slaves3,200,0003,200,000
Black SlavesBlack Slaves3,200,0003,200,000
250,000250,000
Total US Population Total US Population 23,000,000 23,000,000[9,250,000 in the South = 40%][9,250,000 in the South = 40%]
Southern Southern AgricultureAgricultureSouthern Southern
AgricultureAgriculture
Value of Cotton Exports Value of Cotton Exports As % of All US ExportsAs % of All US ExportsValue of Cotton Exports Value of Cotton Exports As % of All US ExportsAs % of All US Exports
Changes in Cotton Changes in Cotton ProductionProduction
Changes in Cotton Changes in Cotton ProductionProduction
18201820
18601860
Slaves Picking CottonSlaves Picking Cottonon a Mississippi on a Mississippi
PlantationPlantation
Slaves Picking CottonSlaves Picking Cottonon a Mississippi on a Mississippi
PlantationPlantation
Slaves Using the Cotton Slaves Using the Cotton GinGin
Slaves Using the Cotton Slaves Using the Cotton GinGin
Slaves WorkingSlaves Workingin a Sugar-Boiling in a Sugar-Boiling
House, 1823House, 1823
Slaves WorkingSlaves Workingin a Sugar-Boiling in a Sugar-Boiling
House, 1823House, 1823
Slave Auction Notice, Slave Auction Notice, 18231823
Slave Auction Notice, Slave Auction Notice, 18231823
Slave Auction: Slave Auction: Charleston, Charleston, SC-1856SC-1856
Slave Auction: Slave Auction: Charleston, Charleston, SC-1856SC-1856
Slave MasterBrands
Slave AccoutrementsSlave AccoutrementsSlave AccoutrementsSlave Accoutrements
Slave muzzle
Slave-Owning Population Slave-Owning Population (1850)(1850)
Slave-Owning Population Slave-Owning Population (1850)(1850)
Southern Pro-SlaverySouthern Pro-SlaveryPropagandaPropaganda
Southern Pro-SlaverySouthern Pro-SlaveryPropagandaPropaganda
Slave debate continues
• South vs. North
• New land, same debate
• Big Problem= Runaways
• Constitutional Arguments
• Should slavery expand west?
ART.4 SEC. 2• Section 2 - State citizens, Extradition• The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and
Immunities of Citizens in the several States.• A Person charged in any State with treason, Felony, or other Crime,
who shall flee from Justice, and be found in another State, shall on demand of the executive Authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having Jurisdiction of the Crime.
• (No Person held to Service or Labour in one State, under the Laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in Consequence of any Law or Regulation therein, be discharged from such Service or Labour, But shall be delivered up on Claim of the Party to whom such Service or Labour may be due.)
• (This clause in parentheses is superseded by the 13th Amendment)
* people in UT and NM used popular sovereignty to decide on the slavery issue
Compromise of 1850
I. California became a free state.
II. The rest of the Mexican Cession was divided into two parts; Utah (UT) and New Mexico (NM).
III. The slave trade ended in Washington, D.C.
IV. The Fugitive Slave Law was passed.
Runaway Slave AdsRunaway Slave AdsRunaway Slave AdsRunaway Slave Ads
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
1852
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
1852 Sold 300,000
copies inthe first year.
2 million in a decade!
Sold 300,000 copies inthe first year.
2 million in a decade!
Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854
Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854
“Bleeding Kansas”“Bleeding Kansas”
Border “Ruffians”
(pro-slavery
Missourians)
Border “Ruffians”
(pro-slavery
Missourians)
New Parties
•Northern Whigs
•Free-Soilers
•Anti Slavery Democrats
The “Know-Nothings” [The American Party]
The “Know-Nothings” [The American Party]
•Nativists
•Anti-Immigrant
•Anti-Catholic
•And…
…listened to Justin Biber!
1856 Presidential Election
1856 Presidential Election
√ James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican Know- Nothing
√ James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican Know- Nothing
Do You Know
something?
I Know
Nothing!
1856Electi
on Resul
ts
1856Electi
on Resul
ts
Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857
The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858
The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858
Do Now: Read the following quote by Abraham Lincoln.
“‘A house divided against itself cannot stand.’ I believe this government cannot endure permanently half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved – I do not expect the house to fall – but I do expect it will cease too be divided. It will become all one thing, or all the other. Either the opponents of slavery will arrest the further spread of it…or its (supporters) will push it forward till it shall become…lawful in all the states, old as well as new, North as well as South.”
What point is Lincoln making about the future faced by the United States?
John Brown’s Raidon Harper’s Ferry, 1859
John Brown’s Raidon Harper’s Ferry, 1859
John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr?
John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr?
1860Preside
ntialElectio
n
1860Preside
ntialElectio
n
√ Abraham Lincoln
Republican
√ Abraham Lincoln
Republican
John BellConstitutional
Union
John BellConstitutional
Union
Stephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat
Stephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat
John C. Breckinridge
Southern Democrat
John C. Breckinridge
Southern Democrat
1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!
1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!
1860 Election Results
Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860
Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860
Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861
Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861
AAUGH!