Download - The Cardiorespiratory System
Chapter Three
The Cardiorespiratory System
Figure 3.1 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights Reserved
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights Reserved
THE HEART-TWO PUMPS IN ONE McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights Reserved
McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights Reserved4
THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights Reserved
THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights ReservedArteries Veins
Blood pressure: What is it?
Systolic (systole)Diastolic (diastole)BLOOD VESSELS McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights ReservedCARDIORESPIRATORY TERMS Resting Heart Rate (RHR)
Maximum Heart Rate (HR Max or MHR)
Heart Rate Reserve (HRR)
Stroke Volume
Cardiac Output
VO2 Max (Maximal Oxygen Consumption)
Frank Starling Law of the Heart
McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights ReservedATP (adenosine triphosphate)
What? Where? How?ENERGY PRODUCTION
Mitochondria McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights ReservedImmediate Energy System ATP-PCr phosphocreatine
Nonoxidative (anaerobic) Energy System Lactic Acid System Anaerobic Glycolysis
Oxidative (aerobic) Energy System THREE ENERGY SYSTEMS McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights Reserved
CHANGES IN CARBOHYDRATE and FAT UTILIZATION DURING 90 MINUTES of AEROBIC EXERCISE. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights Reserved
THE ENERGY CONTINUUM McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights Reserved
THE ENERGY CONTINUUM McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights Reserved
CONTRIBUTIONS OF AEROBIC and ANAEROBIC McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights ReservedImmediateNonoxidativeOxidativeDuration of Activity0-10 seconds10 seconds-2 minutes2 minutesIntensity of ActivityVery highHighLowRate of ATP ProductionImmediate, very rapidRapid(2 ATP per 1 molecule glucose)Slower, but prolonged (38 ATP per 1 molecule of glucose)FuelATP and Creatine PhosphateGlycogen and GlucoseGlucose, Fat, ProteinOxygen?No (Anaerobic)No (Anaerobic)Yes (Aerobic)Limited by?Creatine PhosphateLactic AcidFuel sources, fatigueENERGY SYSTEM COMPARISONS McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights ReservedBenefits of Cardiorespiratory Endurance ExerciseImproved Cardiorespiratory FunctioningImproved Cellular MetabolismReduced Risk of Chronic DiseaseCardiovascular DiseasesCancerType 2 DiabetesOsteoporosisDeaths from All Causes
Better Control of Body FatImproved immune FunctionImproved Psychological and Emotional Well-Being
McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights ReservedBENEFITS OF CARDIORESPIRATORY EXERCISE TRAINING EFFECT
Improvements in Cardio-respiratory Function
a. VO2 Max (maximal oxygen consumption) b. heart works less at given work load. Why? 1. stroke volume 2. cardiac output 2. rest for heart between beats (RHR) 3. oxygen carrying capacity of blood c. heart rate d. blood pressure at given work load e. increased lactate threshold
McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights ReservedVO2 Max
Age Declines after age 25-30
2. Heredity Contributes 25-40%
3. Body Composition Profound effect
4. Nutritional Habits Profound effect
5. Training 20-30% increase
6. Mode of Exercise Depends on quantity of muscle mass used McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights ReservedBob weighs 220 lbs or 100 kg with 20 % body fat (2.2 lbs = 1 kg) Bobs VO2 = 40 ml/kg minWhat effect would a 10% weight lose have on Bobs VO2 Max?
4L / 100 kg = 40 ml/kg min4L / 90 kg = 44.4 ml/kg min
Bob starts training and gains a 20% improvement. What is his VO2 Max?
44.4 X 20% = 8.88 + 44.4 = 53.3 ml/kg minEFFECT of TRAINING and BODY COMPOSITION on VO2Max McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights ReservedLACTATE (ANAEROBIC ) THRESHOLDWHAT? WHEN? WHY? McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights Reserved
LACTATE (ANAEROBIC) THRESHOLD McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights ReservedTwo male runners are competing in a 10 K race (6.2 miles)Each has a VO2 Max of 40 ml/kg min.Runner As lactate threshold is 70% of his VO2Runner Bs lactate threshold is 85% of his VO2All things being equal who will win?
A. 40 ml/kg min X 70% = 28 ml/kg min
40 ml/kg min X 85% = 34 ml/kg min
Winner B !!!LACTATE (ANAEROBIC ) THRESHOLD in ENDURANCE ACTIVITIES McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights Reserved
McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights Reserved2. Health Benefits a. Risk of Heart Disease b. blood pressure c. high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol d. low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol e. body fatness (easier weight control) f. risk Type 2 diabetes) g. bone density h. immune function i. long term quality of life
BENEFITS of IMPROVED CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights Reserved3. Muscular adaptations a. size and number of mitochondria b. ability to use fat for energy c. size of muscle fibers being trained d. capillaries e. muscle tone and endurance BENEFITS of IMPROVED CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS
McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights Reserved4. Emotional Benefits a. anxiety and depression b. feelings of well being (self-esteem) c. work, recreational, and sport performance d. improved sleep e. easier weight controlBENEFITS of IMPROVED CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS
McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights ReservedMonitoring Your Heart RateCarotid artery in the neck
Radial artery in the wrist
Count beats for 10 seconds and multiply the result by 6 to get rate in beats per minute
McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights ReservedComponents of an Exercise Prescription to Improve Cardiorespiratory FitnessModeFrequencyIntensityDuration McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights ReservedFREQUENCY =
INTENSITY =
TIME =
TYPE =F.I.T.T. FORMULA McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights ReservedTARGET HEART RATE (INTENSITY)64%-90% of Heart Rate Max (HRmax)
Or
40%-85% of Heart Rate Reserve (HRR) McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights Reserved
RPE RATE of PERCEIVED EXERTION McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights Reserved Warm Up Conditioning Bout Cool Down 5-15 minutes 20-30 minutes 5-15 minutes HEART
RATEResting RateMaximum Rate Target Heart Rate McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights ReservedUntrained or people with certain cardio-respiratory diseases will have larger DEBTS and DEFICITSOxygen DEBT & Oxygen DEFICITOxygen Debt(EPEOC)Oxygen DeficitSteady StateVO2VO2RestOnsetTerminationEXERCISE TIMEOxygen Debt and DeficitOxygen Deficit due to: delay in time for aerobic ATP production to supply energyOxygen Debt due to: resynthesis of PCr (creatine phosphate), ATP replace oxygen stores lactate conversion to glucose Change in HR, respiration, body temperature McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights Reserved