The Australian Seafood Diet for Intergenerational Health: Development of a healthy high Australian seafood diet that will be
acceptable to women of child-bearing age
Student: Lily ChanPrincipal Investigator: Lynne CobiacCo-Investigator: Jocelyn Midgley
Michelle MillerCampbell Thompson
Collaborator: Robert GibsonTheme: Sellfish Theme Leader: Jayne Gallagher
Overview• Background• Objectives• Methodology and Timeline• Project Summary
Background
Mix messages around fish consumption • Good for you and baby vs Potential
contaminants
(Fish = Finfish and shellfish, processed and unprocessed)
Background (Pros)Fish • Good source of macro and micronutrients
In particular high-quality protein, EPA, DHA, selenium, iodine
Generally lower in saturated fat
Background (Pros)Fish consumption• Reduced risk of total mortality, coronary heart
disease mortality and stroke1-2 servings of fish/week reduces
coronary death by 36% total mortality by 17%
(Mozaffarian & Rimm 2006)
Background (Pros)Higher fish/fish oil intake during pregnancy was associated
with • Longer gestation duration
Increased length of pregnancy by 2-3 days (Makrides et al 2006)
• Better early child development Cognition, behaviour, motor skills
(Hibbeln et al 2007; Oken et al 2008)
Background (Cons)Potential contaminants in fish:• Methylmercury• Dioxins, dioxin-like compounds and
polychlorinated biphenyls (PBCs) • Others (microbiological hazards, naturally
occurring toxins, antimicrobials, allergens)
Background Food Standard Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) advice on
SAFE consumption of fish:
Pregnant women or women planning pregnancy:2 to 3 serves/week of any fish or seafood except • Orange roughy or catfish (limit to 1 serve/week and no other
fish that week)• Shark or Billfish (limit to 1 serve/fortnight and no other fish that
fortnight)(1 serve = 150g)
BackgroundRecommended dietary DHA intake for pregnant and lactating women: • At least 200mg/day• Can be achieved by consuming one to two portions of fish per week,
including oily fish
(European Commission consensus statement, Koletzko et al 2007)
BackgroundWomen 19-44 years (1995 National Nutrition Survey)Average intake of • Fish and seafood products & dishes = 21.2g per day
(McLennan W & Podger 1999)
• Total long-chain n3-fatty acids = 195mg per day
(EPA:60mg DPA:52mg DHA:83mg) (Howe et al 2006)
Objectives• To formulate a healthy Australian seafood dietary
pattern to achieve effective levels of n-3 fatty acids whilst maintaining low levels of contaminants in women of child-bearing age
MethodologyPhase One: Determining compositional profiles of
fish (nutrients & contaminants)• Identify and collate existing fish composition data
applicable to the Australian environment• Conduct analyses
MethodologyPhase Two: Computer dietary modellingUsing a variety of unprocessed and processed fish
products, formulate a diet that will • Achieve desirable levels of n-3 fatty acids and other
nutrients needed for pregnancy• Maintaining low levels of contaminants
“Seafood Diet”
MethodologyPhase Three: Human Intervention Study• Randomised cross-over trial involving women
of child-bearing age• Compare Seafood diet (high n-3 fatty
acids/DHA) with a diet low in n-3 fatty acids/DHA
MethodologyPhase Three: Human Intervention Study• Outcomes assessed:
Fish, n-3 fatty acids/DHA intakes; estimated exposures to mercury & PCBs
Fatty acids in red blood cells; Serum/plasma mercury, PCBs
Cardiovascular risk factors (blood pressure, lipid profile) Inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, TGF-β,
cytokines) Acceptability of diet
MethodologyPhase Four: • Revisit diet model • Explore interactions with other dietary
components e.g. selenium, dietary fibre
Task Sep-Oct
2009
Nov-Jan
2009
Feb- Mar 2010
Apr- Dec 2010
Jan-June 2011
Jul- Sep 2011
Oct-Dec 2011
Literature search
Analysis of fish samples
Computer Dietary Modelling
Human Intervention Study
Data analysis and reporting
Revisit model, determine other interactions
Draft Report
Project SummaryFormulation of a diet high in fish/seafood,
that will • Achieve optimal levels of n-3 fatty
acids/DHA as well as other nutrients• Maintain low levels of contaminants and • Acceptable to women of child-bearing age
AND Clear Water Marine Farms, Marine Scale Pilchard Fishermen’s Association and Southland Fish Supplies
“ This work formed part of a project of the Australian Seafood Cooperative Research Centre, and received funds from the
Australian Government’s CRCs Programme, the Fisheries R&D Corporation and other CRC Participants”.
Thank you!
ReferencesHibbeln et al (2007), Maternal seafood consumption in pregnancy and neurodevelopmental
outcomes in childhood (ALSPAC study): an observational cohort study, The Lancet, Vol 369, pp578-585.
Howe P, Meyer B, Record S, Baghurst K. Dietary intake of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: contribution of meat sources. Nutrition 2006; 22:47-53.
Koletzko et al (2007), Consensus Statement Dietary fat intakes for pregnant and lactating women, British Journal of Nutrition, Vol 98, pp.873-877.
McLennan W & Podger A (1999) National Nutrition Survey – Foods Eaten, Australia. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care
Makrides M, Duley L, Olsen SF. Marine oil, and other prostaglandin precursor, supplementation for pregnancy uncomplicated by pre-eclampsia or intrauterine growth restriction. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD003402.
Mozaffarian & Rimm (2006) ‘Fish Intake, Contaminants, and Human Health’, JAMA Vol 296 No.15 pp1885-1899.
Oken et al (2008), ‘Associations of maternal fish intake during pregnancy and breastfeeding duration with attainment of developmental milestones in early childhood: a study from the Danish National Birth Cohort, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol 88, pp.789-796.