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 The angiosperms, or fowering plants, are one

he major groups o extant seed plants and arguably th

most diverse major extant plant group on the plane

with at least 260,000 living species classied in !

amilies #$udd et al%, 2002& '() **, 200"& +oltis et a

200!% They occupy every habitat on -arth exce

extreme environments such as the highe

mountaintops, the regions immediately surrounding th

poles, and the deepest oceans% They live as epiphytei%e%, living on other plants, as foating and roote

a.uatics in both reshwater and marine habitats, and a

errestrial plants that vary tremendously in si/

ongevity, and overall orm% They can be small herb

parasitic plants, shrubs, vines, lianas, or giant tree

There is a huge amount o diversity in chemistry #ote

as a deense against herbivores, reproductiv

morphology, and genome si/e and organi/ation that

unparalleled in other members o the (lant ingdom

1urthermore, angiosperms are crucial or huma

existence& the vast majority o the worlds crops aangiosperms, as are most natural clothing ber

'ngiosperms are also sources or other importa

esources such as medicine and timber%

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  Characteristics:3espite their diversity,

angiosperms are clearly united by a suite o 

synapomorphies #i%e%, shared, derived eatures

ncluding 4 ovules that are enclosed within a carpel,

that is, a structure that is made up o an ovary,

which encloses the ovules, and the stigma, a

structure where pollen germination ta5es place, 2

double ertili/ation, which leads to the ormation o 

n endosperm #a nutritive tissue within the seed thateeds the developing plant embryo, " stamens with

two pairs o pollen sacs, eatures o gametophyte

structure and development, and ! phloem tissue

composed o sieve tubes and companion cells % 'll

available evidence strongly rejects hypotheses o 

more thone evolutionary origin o extant

angiosperms%

 'ngio sperm are fowering plants

 They are the most abundant o all plants

 They contain ruit ex% 'pply,oranges

'ngiosperms reproduced by pollination

 Angiospermae is the scientic name o

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angiosperm

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