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The 1.5 generation
• an underexplored generation
• with childhoods in two societies
• migrated before the age of majority
• experienced schools in two countries
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Sources: CFO 2014 & Nagasaka 2015 forthcoming
Number of registered Filipino emigrants aged 19 or younger (1981-2013)
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Number of registered Filipino emigrants aged 13-19 years by country of destination (1988-2012)
& Nagasaka 2015 forthcoming
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Filipino migrants in France (2000-2013)
Source: CFO 2000-2014
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Composition of the Filipino migrant population in France based on migration status (2013)
Source: CFO 2014
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• 595 migrants aged 0-17 years were born in the Philippines (INSEE 2010)
• 101 youngsters aged 13-19 years migrated to France between 1988 and 2012 (CFO n.d.)
• a statistical discrepancy rooted in the availability of “unofficial channel” of migration from RP to France
1.5-generation Filipinos
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Mobilities experiences of 1.5-generation Filipinos
mobility across familial contexts
from family separation to reunification
mobility across administrative contexts
from legality to irregularity of juridical status
mobility across social contexts
schooling “there” and “here”
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Future transnationalism or not?
in France
• pursuing their autonomy and independence
• establishing their professional career
• living permanently there
in the Philippines
• helping some kin members to emigrate to France
• visits there from time to time
in other countries
• travelling or working
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If I were there [in the Philippines] right now, three possibilities would come to me. First one, first one, I would maybe impregnate my girlfriend, and I would be a daddy now. Second one, I could be arrested or become drug addict. Third one, I could be killed or have an accident.
Tito, 23 years old
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Palgrave August 2015 forthcoming
‘Mobile Childhoods’ takes the
readers across the Philippine
diaspora to provide an important bird
eye's view on the experiences of the
1.5 generation vis a vis schools,
labor market and families. This
volume significantly advances our
understanding of migration in a
global society.’Rhacel Salazar Parreñas
University of Southern California, USA