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Temples of Ancient Egypt
There were many temples in ancient Egypt – features:- Square building, large limestone blocks, granite roof, alabaster floors
- Some attached to pyramids for burial rites and worship
- Trabeated construction
- Hypostyle hall
Temple of Philae, Aswan, Egypt
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Temples Were Built With Trabeated
Construction
TRABEATED construction uses a “post and lintel” system
• Vertical - post (or column)
• Horizontal – lintel (or beam)
Lintel or Beam
Post or Columnwww.SlidePresentationPublishers.com
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Trabeated Construction
Note that there are many columns close
together…
• This is necessary because:
Stone is strong but gravity pulls down
If span is too wide the stone will crack
• So trabeated construction requires
many columns close together
Beam
Many Columns“Trabeated” comes from the Latin “trabs” = beam
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The Egyptian Hypostyle Hall
Hypostyle HallFrom Greek words: hypo = “underneath” and stulos = “column”
The term indicates a construction in which:�A roof is supported by many columns set close together
Note how center section is raised with high windows on each side
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Window Grilles
Great Hypostyle Hall, Temple of Amon,
Karnak Dynasty, XIX, 1318-1237 B.C.
• High “clerestory” windows
• Clerestory = window near top of a
wall, above an adjacent roof
– Inset with stone grilles
– Limited light
– Interior dark, mysterious
Overhead openings allow
narrow shafts of light
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Light Slits
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Temples of Ancient Egypt
Temples had 3 parts:
1. Open courtyard with columns (“collonnaded”)
2. Hypostyle hall
3. Small dark sanctuary- Note how each space is darker
www.arts.auckland.ac.nz
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Egyptian Hypostyle Hall
Temple of Rameses II, Luxor, Egypt.
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Temple Decoration
Walls:
1. Bas-relief carving
2. Painted
- Images of gods, people, nature
- Hieroglyphics (Egyptian writing)
Bas-relief is deep carving
Bas-relief at mortuary temple
of Ramesses III
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Bright Colors
Used to Decorate
Interiors
1-world-tours.com/MedHabuPillars-1b-large-web.jpg
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Egyptian Temples
You are here...
MEGALITHIC
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“Peristyle” Courtyard
– “peri” = around and stulos”= column
A “peristyle” is a colonnade surrounding a building or a court
Temple of Amon, Luxor, Dynasty XVIII, c. 1400-1360 B.C.
Artist’s idea of a restored temple courtyard.
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Columns = Papyrus Bundle
The first columns were created from bundles of reeds
Later, this was copied in stone – as seen above
Nature was copied in many architectural forms
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“CAPITAL” on top of the column = plant forms
Most common are the following:
1. Lotus (closed or open)
2. Papyrus (symbol of the delta)
3. Palmette – palm tree
Egyptian Columns
Open lotus flower
Closed lotus bud
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The Lotus Capital
Lotus Capital (closed)
Lotus Capital (open)
Open lotus flower
Closed lotus bud
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The Papyrus
Capital
Papyrus Plant
Temple of Isis at Philae
www.buffaloah.com/a/archsty/egypt/tc.jpg
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The Palm or
Palmette
CapitalPalm Treewww.buffaloah.com/a/archsty/egypt/tc.jpg