Download - Technical Aspects of Storage Tank Prevention
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S Z U - Y I N G H U A N G
M . S A M M A N N A N
2 0 1 3
Technical Aspects of Storage
Tank Prevention
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What are storage tanks?
fundamental for the storingof liquid, gas, and otherchemical fluids.
provide accommodation of
inventory for raw materials,additives reactants,intermediate materials,finished products, and
wastes.the first layer in contact with
chemical materials andconnected with otherprocess devices.
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A!"#$%!&'( ST!%A$# TA')S
AST
are easy to manage
*t usually stores crude oil products, intermediates,and raw chemicals with flamma+le or toic ha-ards
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CASE OF STORAGE TANK AND TANK FARMINCIDENT
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What:A catastrophic tank collapse
Whee:Allied Terminal *nc. Tank storage area athesapeake, "irginia
Whe!:'ovem+er /001
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Allied Terminal *nc. Tank ollapse
Source2 http233www.cs+.gov3&ser4iles3file3Allied5/0Terminals5/0%eport5/04inal.pdf
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CASE OF STORAGE TANK AND TANK FARM INCIDENT
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What:'aphtha Tank 4ire
Whee:SingaporeWhe!: 6711
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'aphtha Tank 4ire
Source2 http233www.going/sg.com3/0683073ma9or:fire:disasters:in:singapore.html
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Tank %oof 4ailures
*nternal eam %upture
"ent System 4ailures
Snow3%ain Topping *ssue
4rangi+le %oof:Shell ;ointsSeismic
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Potential *gnition Source
Welding equipment
a+les
Static electricity
=iscellaneous sources from human error
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Tank Storage %isks
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T#>'*A P%!T#T*!'
*nerting
:reducing oygenconcentration in tank
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T#>'*AP%!T#T*!'
Shunts forfloating rooftanks
@'4PA 10B:Stainless steelshunts +e spacedno more than 60
feet apart aroundthe roof
perimeter.
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T#>'*A P%!T#T*!'
%oof:shell+onding ca+le
:*nstall a ca+le from thetop of the shell to the
middle of the roof,typically on the order of/C0 D C00 ==
N"te: 1000 #$#%&a '$&(E 6== or 6 kcmil, and is@approimatelyB equal to2
0.C0F mmG, so / kcmil H 6 mmG @a6.I5 errorB
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T#>'*A P%!T#T*!'
Walkways
:creates roof:shell+ond
:As the floating roofraises and falls, thelower end of thewalkway movesradially tocompensate for the
change in height ofthe roof.
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O)e*e((%e a!+ O)e,$&&$! #ach fied tank should +e provided with proper overpressure and
underpressure devices
Proper si-ing of devices to take into account the worst possi+le
conditions Periodic inspection of devices
Tamper:proof vents
&se =anagement of hange policies for alterations to +e made
Tank capacity E inactive @workingB capacity J overfill protection
capacity
T#>'*A P%!T#T*!'
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AI Sta!+a+( Re&ate+ t" Ta!/
AP* D FC0 E Welded Steel Tanks for !il Storage
AP* D FC6 E athodic Protection for A+ove $round Petroleum Storage
Tanks
AP* D FC/ E ining of A+ove $round Petroleum Storage Tanks
AP* D FCI E Tank *nspection, %epair, Alteration and %econstructionAP* D F/0 D (esign and onstruction of arge Welded ow Pressure
Storage Tanks
AP* D /000 D "enting Atmosphere and ow:Pressure Storage Tanks
AP* D /C6 D #vaporating osses from #ternal 4loating %oof Tanks
AP* D /C67 D #vaporating osses from *nternal 4loating %oof TanksAP* D /IC0 D !verall Protection for Petroleum Storage Tanks
AP* D /06C D leaning Petroleum Storage Tanks
AP* D /CC0 D =easurements and ali+ration of Petroleum Storage Tanks
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M"(t& Re%$e+ AI Ite'( I!+$)$+%a&Cet$,$#at$"! "a'
AP* D C60 D Pressure "essel *nspection ode
AP* D C0 D Piping *nspection ode
AP* D FCI D Tank *nspection, %epair, Alteration and
%econstruction
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!ther odes for Storage Tanks
'4PA D I0 D 'ational 4ire Protection Association 4lamma+le and om+usti+leiquids ode
#PA D 80 4% 66/ !il Pollution Prevention and %esponse, 'on:transportationrelated onshore and offshore facilities
(!T D II 4% 6C8 4acilities transferring oil or ha-ardous materials in +ulk
(!T D II 4% 6CC !il or ha-ardous material pollution prevention regulationsfor vessels
(!T D II 4% 6CF !il and ha-ardous materials transfer operations
(!T : 87 4% 6/ >a-ardous materials, provisions, communications,emergency response, training requirements, and security plans
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OSHA Sta!+a+(
$uarding floor and wall openings and holes
Permit:required confined spaces
=echanical power:transmission apparatus
ogging operationsSpecifications for accident prevention signs and tags
A+rasive wheel machinery
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OSHA Sta!+a+(
6760 Su+part ( Walking:working surfaces
4ied *ndustrial stairs
6760 Su+part # #it routes, emergency action plans, and fireprevention plans
#mergency action plans6760 Su+part $ !ccupational health and environment control
6760 Su+part > >a-ardous materials
4lamma+le and com+usti+le liquids
Process safety management of highly ha-ardous chemicals>a-ardous waste and emergency response standard
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>ow to prevent future tank loss?
$ood safety integration program with installation
ode review
!peration
=aintenance4ollow:up evaluation
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:4in:
Ke SafeK