Showered with feedback – How real-time Showered with feedback – How real-time information can change our daily habits
IEA DSM Task 24 - Closing the Loop - Behavior
Change in DSM: From Theory to Policies and Practice
Verena Tiefenbeck
Bits to Energy Lab, ETH Zurich
iHomeLab (Hochschule Luzern), October 15, 2012
The Bits to Energy Lab is a research initiative of the ETH Zurich, the University of St. Gallenand the University of Bamberg.
� Information Management
(E. Fleisch, ETH Zurich, lead)
� Distributed Systems Group
(F. Mattern, ETH Zurich)
© ETH / HSG
B2E Lab
October 2013
Slide 2
� Operations Management
(E. Fleisch, University St. Gallen)
� Energy Efficient Systems
(T. Staake, University Bamberg)
We combine IT and social science concepts tomotivate households to reduce their energyconsumption.
© ETH / HSG
B2E Lab
October 2013
Slide 3
� Measure / Retrieve
behavioral data
� Data analytics
� Place Interventions
(targeting behavior
or enhancing
automation)
� Measure and
adjust
� Research-based
implementation
� Transfer to
practice in
collaboration with
organizations
Our study was carried out in collaboration with partners from Academia, Industry and Politics.
� Bits to Energy Lab at ETH Zurich (lead)
� Amphiro AG
� ewz (Energiewerke Zürich)
� BFE (Swiss Federal Department of Energy)
© ETH / HSG
B2E Lab
October 2013
Slide 4
� University of Lausanne
Behavioral science insights need to be translated into scaled interventions and products.
� Attitudes, perceptions, habits, subconscious
processes,,
� Social sciences: mechanisms for behavior change
� Promising and cost-effective pilots and prototypes
� Application and large-scale implementation is missing
© ETH / HSG
B2E Lab
October 2013
Slide 5
� Application and large-scale implementation is missing
� Rocky path from concept / prototype to large-scale
deployment
Hot water is 2nd largest contributor to residential energy use, but hardly measured and brought to users‘ attention.
� Powering metering devices is tricky in wet environment
� Energy dimension: low awareness
� Feedback at point of consumption
© ETH / HSG
B2E Lab
October 2013
Slide 6
� Easy to understand
� High user control
� Visible and tangible (water)
Source: DoE Buildings Energy Data Book 2011
Promising results of a pilot study motivated further R&D to move from prototype to mass production.
Pilot study (2011) with promising results:
� Prototype of smart shower meter
� Energy and water consumption: 22% reduction
© ETH / HSG
B2E Lab
October 2013
Slide 7
However:
� Sample size (N=61)
� Sampling bias
� Methodological issues
→ Further research and development, cleaner & larger study
Users can install the smart water meter amphiro a1 in three simple steps.
© ETH / HSG
B2E Lab
October 2013
Slide 8
What the smart water meter measures and displays
Measures
� Flow rate
� Temperature
� Duration (shower, interruptions)
Derived from thatper shower
© ETH / HSG
B2E Lab
October 2013
Slide 9
Derived from that
� Water volume
� Energy consumption
Display (standard)
� Temperature
� Water volume
� Energy efficiency class
� Polar bear animation
Amphiro harvests its
energy from the water flow.
One third of the 697 participating households were randomly assigned into the control group (only temperature displayed).
Con-trol
groupTreat-
© ETH / HSG
B2E Lab
October 2013
Slide 10
group
33%
Treat-mentgroup
67%
Our 2-month study combines shower data with survey information.
csv
csv
csv
csv
csv
csv
csv
csv
csv
csv
csv
46,835 showers in 636 households
697 initial surveys,coded
629 complete
© ETH / HSG
B2E Lab
October 2013
Slide 11
629 complete datasets
Survey & smart metering data
(Uni Lausanne)
666 final surveys, coded
What the implementation of the field trial looked like in reality4
© ETH / HSG
B2E Lab
October 2013
Slide 12
Visual data readout
The vast majority of study participants was overall satisfied with the device (83%) and intended to continue using it (79%).
10%
4%
5%
2%
"I / We intend to continue using
the device after the study."
10%
5%
2% 1%
"I'm overall satisfied with the
shower meter."
Agree strongly
Agree
© ETH / HSG
B2E Lab
October 2013
Slide 13
54%
25%
50%
32%
Agree
Neither nor
Disagree
Disagree strongly
Don't know
N=445 (Participants of final
survey excl. control group)
N=665 (Participants of final
survey incl. control group)
Households with the display information reduced their shower consumption by 23%.
� Households with the display decreased their water and
energy consumption by 23% relative to the control group
– Time: -22%
– Breaks: +12%
– Temperature: -0.25°C
– Flow rate: no significant change
© ETH / HSG
B2E Lab
October 2013
Slide 14
– Flow rate: no significant change
� Per-shower reduction
– 10.6 liters
– 360 Wh (η=100%) → 550 Wh (η=65%)
� Effects stable throughout the study (long-term study still
ongoing)
The per-household energy reduction exceeds the impact of electricity smart meters by far (and at a much lower price point).
� Deployment in 5% of Swiss households = equivalent of
electricity production by Swiss wind power in 2012
� ROI much higher than for electricity smart meters
ReductionElectricity smart
meters1
Smart shower
meters
© ETH / HSG
B2E Lab
October 2013
Slide 15
Energy – relative consumption change
3.2% of household electricity
23% of shower energy
Energy – absolute change 86 kWh 443 kWh
Water (liters/yr) / 8500
Cost savings (CHF/yr) 15 96
1source: ewz-Studie Smart Metering,
www.stadt-zuerich.ch/content/dam/stzh/ewz/Deutsch/Netz/Publikationen und Broschueren/Praesentation_ewz_sm.pdf
� Reduction per household per year:
– 23% reduction of energy and water use in the shower
– Water: 8500 liters
– 443 kWh
– CHF 96
Summary of key reduction figures - thank you for listening.
© ETH / HSG
B2E Lab
October 2013
Slide 16
Thank you very much for your attention.
ContactVerena Tiefenbeck │ Bits to Energy Lab │ Chair for Information ManagementDepartment Management, Technology and Economics│ ETH ZurichOffice: + 41 44 632 3953│ Email: [email protected]
