“Switched LAN” - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © 2002 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Capitolo 10
Multi-layer switch: commutazione hardware a vari livelli
“Switched LAN” - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © 2002 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Rete geografica(Internet, intranet, extranet)
Router
BridgeSwitch
“Switched LAN” - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © 2002 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Layer 3 switch
Switch
A
B
“Switched LAN” - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © 2002 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Layer 3 switch
VLAN 10
VLAN 21
VLAN 18
VLAN 7 VLAN 15
VLAN 5
VLAN 33
VLAN 11
“Switched LAN” - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © 2002 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Switch
Router
A
B
“Switched LAN” - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © 2002 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Layer 3 switch
A
B
“Switched LAN” - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © 2002 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Internet
“Switched LAN” - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © 2002 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Internet
Layer 7 switchApplication layer switch
Content aware routerServer load balancer
“Switched LAN” - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © 2002 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
SYN
SYN/ACK
ACK
GET URLSYN
SYN/ACK
ACK
GET URL
DatiDati
Client Layer 7 Switch Server
“Switched LAN” - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © 2002 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Content delivery network
“Switched LAN” - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © 2002 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Rete geografica
S1-PBridge-Prio
24576
S1-SBridge-Prio
28672
S532768
S632768
S732768
Root Bridge
S232768
S332768
S432768
2
1
VLAN2
VLAN3
VLAN4
Router
VLAN3VLAN2
VLAN4
VLAN2VLAN4
VLAN3VLAN2
VLAN4
VLAN3VLAN4
VLAN3VLAN2
VLAN3VLAN2
VLAN4
c
Legenda
Porta root
Porta designated
Porta Blocking
“Switched LAN” - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © 2002 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Rete geografica
Routingdinamico
S1-PBridge-Prio
24576
S1-SBridge-Prio
28672
S532768
S632768
S732768
Root Bridge
S232768
S332768
S432768
2
1VLAN2
VLAN3
VLAN4
Router
VLAN3VLAN2
VLAN4
VLAN2VLAN4
VLAN3VLAN2
VLAN4
VLAN3VLAN4
VLAN3VLAN2
VLAN3VLAN2
VLAN4
VLAN2
VLAN3
VLAN4
Router
HSRP, VRRP
c
Legenda
Porta root
Porta designated
Porta Blocking
“Switched LAN” - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © 2002 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
5 0 Piano
Edificio di 6 pianiSala server ubicata al piano terreno
105 m
60 m
“Switched LAN” - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © 2002 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
SW-1Router
Rete geografica
192.168.10.0
192.168.11.0
192.168.12.0
192.168.13.0
192.168.14.0
192.168.9.0
Server
1 56
Switch e routerconnessi aporte access
SW
Layer 2 Switch
Multi-layer Switch
LEGENDA
“Switched LAN” - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © 2002 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Sw#vlan databaseSw(vlan)#vlan 2 name AmminVLAN 2 added: Name: AmminSw(vlan)#vlan 3 name VenditeVLAN 3 added: Name: VenditeSw(vlan)#vlan 4 name Gruppo-1VLAN 4 added: Name: Gruppo-1Sw(vlan)#vlan 5 name Gruppo-2VLAN 5 added: Name: Gruppo-2Sw(vlan)#vlan 6 name Gruppo-3VLAN 6 added: Name: Gruppo-3Sw(vlan)#vlan 7 name Gruppo-4VLAN 7 added: Name: Gruppo-4Sw(vlan)#exitAPPLY completed.Exiting....Sw#
Sw(config)#int GigabitEthernet 0/1Sw(config-if)#switchport access vlan 2Sw(config-if)#exit……..Sw(config)#int GigabitEthernet 0/2Sw(config-if)#switchport access vlan 3Sw(config-if)#exit……..Sw(config)#int GigabitEthernet 0/3Sw(config-if)#switchport access vlan 4Sw(config-if)#exit…….Sw(config)#int GigabitEthernet 0/4Sw(config-if)#switchport access vlan 5Sw(config-if)#exit……..Sw(config)#int GigabitEthernet 0/5Sw(config-if)#switchport access vlan 6Sw(config-if)#exit……..Sw(config)#int GigabitEthernet 0/6Sw(config-if)#switchport access vlan 7Sw(config-if)#exit
Fase 1: Creazione VLAN Fase 2: Definizione porte Access
“Switched LAN” - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © 2002 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Sw(config)#interface vlan 2Sw(config-if)#ip address 192.168.9.1 255.255.255.0Sw(config-if)#no shutdownSw(config-if)#exitSw(config)#interface vlan 3Sw(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0Sw(config-if)#no shutdownSw(config-if)#exitSw(config)#interface vlan 4Sw(config-if)#ip address 192.168.11.1 255.255.255.0Sw(config-if)#no shutdownSw(config-if)#exitSw(config)#interface vlan 5Sw(config-if)#ip address 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0Sw(config-if)#no shutdownSw(config-if)#exitSw(config)#interface vlan 6Sw(config-if)#ip address 192.168.13.1 255.255.255.0Sw(config-if)#no shutdownSw(config-if)#exitSw(config)#interface vlan 7Sw(config-if)#ip address 192.168.14.1 255.255.255.0Sw(config-if)#no shutdownSw(config-if)#exit
Fase 3: Assegnazione indirizzi IP alle interfacce virtuali (VLAN)
“Switched LAN” - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © 2002 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
SW-1Router
Rete geografica
Server
VLAN3VLAN2
VLAN4VLAN5
VLAN4VLAN2
VLAN5VLAN6
VLAN3VLAN2
VLAN7
VLAN3VLAN2
VLAN5VLAN6
VLAN4VLAN2
VLAN5VLAN7
VLAN4VLAN5
VLAN 3 - 192.168.10.0VLAN 4 - 192.168.11.0VLAN 5 - 192.168.12.0VLAN 6 - 192.168.13.0VLAN 7 - 192.168.14.0
VLAN 2 - 192.168.9.0
VLAN - Subnet IP
Switch connessia porte trunk erouter a porta access
1 56
“Switched LAN” - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © 2002 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Sw(config)#interface GigabitEthernet 0/1Sw(config-if)#switchport mode trunkSw(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan add 1,4,5Sw(config-if)#exitSw(config)#interface GigabitEthernet 0/2Sw(config-if)#switchport mode trunkSw(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan add 1,2,4,5,7Sw(config-if)#exitSw(config)#interface GigabitEthernet 0/3Sw(config-if)#switchport mode trunkSw(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan add 1,2,3,5,6Sw(config-if)#exitSw(config)#interface GigabitEthernet 0/4Sw(config-if)#switchport mode trunkSw(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan add 1,2,3,7Sw(config-if)#exitSw(config)#interface GigabitEthernet 0/5Sw(config-if)#switchport mode trunkSw(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan add 1,2,4,5,6Sw(config-if)#exitSw(config)#interface GigabitEthernet 0/6Sw(config-if)#switchport mode trunkSw(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan add 1,2,3,4,5
Fase 2: Definizione porte Trunk
“Switched LAN” - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © 2002 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
10.1.9.1 10.1.9.2
Router
Rete geografica
10.1.10.1
10.1.10.2
10.1
.1.1
(10.
1.1.
3)
10.1
.1.2
10.1
.2.1
10.1
.2.2
(10
.1.2
.3)
10.1
.3.1
(10
.1.3
.3)
10.1
.3.2HSRP/VRRP
SW-1 SW-2
SW
Layer 2 Switch
Multi-layer Switch
LEGENDA
1 2 3
4
3 2 1
4
5
SW-1 porta 1 Access (VLAN 4)SW-1 porta 2 Access (VLAN 3)SW-1 porta 3 Access (VLAN 2)SW-1 porta 4 Access (VLAN 5)SW-1 porta 8 Access (VLAN 7)
SW-2 porta 1 Access (VLAN 4)SW-2 porta 2 Access (VLAN 3)SW-2 porta 3 Access (VLAN 2)SW-2 porta 4 Access (VLAN 5)SW-2 porta 5 Access (VLAN 6)
810.1.20.1
A
B
C
Routing OSPF
Non c’è bisogno del
protocollo Spanning Tree!
“Switched LAN” - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © 2002 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
RouterRouter10.1.9.1 10.1.9.2
Router
Rete geografica
10.1.10.1
10.1.10.2
10.1
.1.1
(10.
1.1.
3)
10.1
.1.2
10.1
.2.1
10.1
.2.2
(10
.1.2
.3)
10.1
.3.1
(10
.1.3
.3)
10.1
.3.2
HSRP/VRRP
1 2 3
4
3 2 1
4
5810.1.20.1
A
B
C
Routing OSPF
“Switched LAN” - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © 2002 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
SW-1(config)#interface vlan 2SW-1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0SW-1(config-if)#standby 8 preemptSW-1(config-if)#standby 8 priority 105SW-1(config-if)#standby 8 ip 10.1.1.3SW-1(config-if)#no shutdownSW-1(config-if)#exitSW-1(config)#interface vlan 3SW-1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.2.1 255.255.255.0SW-1(config-if)#standby 9 preemptSW-1(config-if)#standby 9 ip 10.1.2.3SW-1(config-if)#no shutdownSW-1(config-if)#exitSW-1(config)#interface vlan 4SW-1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.3.1 255.255.255.0SW-1(config-if)#standby 10 preemptSW-1(config-if)#standby 10 priority 105SW-1(config-if)#standby 10 ip 10.1.3.3SW-1(config-if)#no shutdownSW-1(config-if)#exitSW-1(config)#interface vlan 5SW-1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.9.1 255.255.255.252SW-1(config-if)#no shutdownSW-1(config-if)#exitSW-1(config)#interface vlan 7SW-1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.20.1 255.255.255.252
SW-1: Assegnazione indirizzi IP e configurazione HSRP
Candidato Active
Candidato Active
Candidato Standby
“Switched LAN” - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © 2002 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
SW-2(config)#interface vlan 2SW-2(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.0SW-2(config-if)#standby 8 preemptSW-2(config-if)#standby 8 ip 10.1.1.3SW-2(config-if)#no shutdownSW-2(config-if)#exitSW-2(config)#interface vlan 3SW-2(config-if)#ip address 10.1.2.2 255.255.255.0SW-2(config-if)#standby 9 preemptSW-2(config-if)#standby 9 ip 10.1.2.3SW-2(config-if)#standby 9 priority 105SW-2(config-if)#no shutdownSW-2(config-if)#exitSW-2(config)#interface vlan 4SW-2(config-if)#ip address 10.1.3.2 255.255.255.0SW-2(config-if)#standby 10 preemptSW-2(config-if)#standby 10 ip 10.1.3.3SW-2(config-if)#no shutdownSW-2(config-if)#exitSW-2(config)#interface vlan 5SW-2(config-if)#ip address 10.1.9.2 255.255.255.252SW-2(config-if)#no shutdownSW-2(config-if)#exitSW-2(config)#interface vlan 6SW-2(config-if)#ip address 10.1.10.1 255.255.255.252
SW-2: Assegnazione indirizzi IP e configurazione HSRP
Candidato Active
Candidato Standby
Candidato Standby
“Switched LAN” - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © 2002 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
SW-1: configurazione di routing OSPF
SW-2(config)#interface vlan 5 SW-2(config-if)#ip ospf cost 8SW-2(config)#exitSW-2(config)#router ospf 1SW-2(config-router)#network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 40SW-2(config-router)#network 10.1.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 40SW-2(config-router)#network 10.1.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 40SW-2(config-router)#network 10.1.9.0 0.0.0.3 area 40SW-2(config-router)#network 10.1.10.0 0.0.0.3 area 40
SW-2: configurazione di routing OSPF
Router(config)#router ospf 1Router(config-router)#network 10.1.10.0 0.0.0.3 area 40……….
Router: configurazione di routing OSPF
SW-1(config)#interface vlan 5 SW-1(config-if)#ip ospf cost 8SW-1(config)#exitSW-1(config)#router ospf 1SW-1(config)#redistribute connectedSW-1(config-router)#network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 40SW-1(config-router)#network 10.1.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 40SW-1(config-router)#network 10.1.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 40SW-1(config-router)#network 10.1.9.0 0.0.0.3 area 40
“Switched LAN” - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © 2002 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Router
Rete geografica
10.1.10.1
10.1.10.2
Protocollo spanning tree
HSRP/ VRRP
SW-1 SW-2
Layer 2 Switch
Multi-layer Switch
LEGENDA
1 2 3
4
3 2 1
4
5
SW-1 porte 1,2,3,4 TrunkSW-1 porta 8 Access (VLAN7)
SW-2 porte 1,2,3,4 TrunkSW-2 porta 5 Access (VLAN6)
SW-1 VLAN 2 IP addr 10.1.1.1SW-1 VLAN 3 IP addr 10.1.2.1SW-1 VLAN 4 IP addr 10.1.3.1SW-1 VLAN 7 IP addr 10.1.20.1
SW-2 VLAN 2 IP addr 10.1.1.2SW-2 VLAN 3 IP addr 10.1.2.2SW-2 VLAN 4 IP addr 10.1.3.2SW-2 VLAN 6 IP addr 10.1.10.1
810.1.20.1
A
B
C
B.P
245
76
B.P
286
72
Routing OSPF
SW
6 6
Tru
nk
Tru
nk
Tru
nk
Tru
nk
Tru
nk
Tru
nk
Trunk
Trunk
c
Porta root
Porta designated
Porta Blocking
“Switched LAN” - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © 2002 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Router
Rete geografica
10.1.10.2
Protocollo spanning tree
HSRP/ VRRP
1 2 3
4
3 2 1
4
5810.1.20.1
A
B
C
Routing OSPF
Router 10.1.3.1
10.1.2.110.1.1.1
10.1.10.1
Router10.1.3.2
10.1.2.2
10.1.1.2
6 6
Tru
nk
Tru
nk
Tru
nk
Tru
nk
Tru
nk
Tru
nk
Trunk
Trunk
c
Legenda
Porta root
Porta designated
Porta Blocking
“Switched LAN” - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © 2002 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Router
Rete geografica
10.1.10.2
10.1.20.1
Router(SW-1)
10.1.3.1
10.1.2.1
10.1.1.1
10.1.10.1
Router(SW-2)
10.1.3.2
10.1.2.2
10.1.1.2
VLAN 3
VLAN 4
VLAN 2
10.1.1.0
10.1.2.0
10.1.3.0
“Switched LAN” - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © 2002 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
SW-1(config)#interface vlan 2SW-1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0SW-1(config-if)#standby 8 preemptSW-1(config-if)#standby 8 priority 105SW-1(config-if)#standby 8 ip 10.1.1.3SW-1(config-if)#no shutdownSW-1(config-if)#exitSW-1(config)#interface vlan 3SW-1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.2.1 255.255.255.0SW-1(config-if)#standby 9 preemptSW-1(config-if)#standby 9 priority 105SW-1(config-if)#standby 9 ip 10.1.2.3SW-1(config-if)#no shutdownSW-1(config-if)#exitSW-1(config)#interface vlan 4SW-1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.3.1 255.255.255.0SW-1(config-if)#standby 10 preemptSW-1(config-if)#standby 10 priority 105SW-1(config-if)#standby 10 ip 10.1.3.3SW-1(config-if)#no shutdownSW-1(config-if)#exitSW-1(config)#interface vlan 7SW-1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.20.1 255.255.255.252SW-1(config-if)#no shutdownSW-1(config-if)#exit
Candidato Active
Candidato Active
Candidato Active
SW-1: Assegnazione indirizzi IP e configurazione HSRP
“Switched LAN” - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © 2002 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
SW-2(config)#interface vlan 2SW-2(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.0SW-2(config-if)#standby 8 preemptSW-2(config-if)#standby 8 ip 10.1.1.3SW-2(config-if)#no shutdownSW-2(config-if)#exitSW-2(config)#interface vlan 3SW-2(config-if)#ip address 10.1.2.2 255.255.255.0SW-2(config-if)#standby 9 preemptSW-2(config-if)#standby 9 ip 10.1.2.3SW-2(config-if)#no shutdownSW-2(config-if)#exitSW-2(config)#interface vlan 4SW-2(config-if)#ip address 10.1.3.2 255.255.255.0SW-2(config-if)#standby 10 preemptSW-2(config-if)#standby 10 ip 10.1.3.3SW-2(config-if)#no shutdownSW-2(config-if)#exitSW-2(config)#interface vlan 6SW-2(config-if)#ip address 10.1.10.1 255.255.255.252SW-2(config-if)#no shutdownSW-2(config-if)#exit
SW-2: Assegnazione indirizzi IP e configurazione HSRP
Candidato Standby
Candidato Standby
Candidato Standby
“Switched LAN” - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © 2002 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
SW-1: configurazione di routing OSPF
SW-2(config)#router ospf 1SW-2(config-router)#network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 40SW-2(config-router)#network 10.1.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 40SW-2(config-router)#network 10.1.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 40SW-2(config-router)#network 10.1.10.0 0.0.0.3 area 40
SW-2: configurazione di routing OSPF
Router(config)#router ospf 1Router(config-router)#network 10.1.10.0 0.0.0.3 area 40……….
Router: configurazione di routing OSPF
SW-1(config)#router ospf 1SW-1(config)#redistribute connectedSW-1(config-router)#network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 40SW-1(config-router)#network 10.1.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 40SW-1(config-router)#network 10.1.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 40
“Switched LAN” - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © 2002 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
10.1.9.1 10.1.9.2
Router
Rete geografica
10.1.10.1
10.1.10.2
10.1
.1.1
(10.
1.1.
3)
10.1
.1.2
10.1
.2.1
10.1
.2.2
(10
.1.2
.3)
10.1
.3.1
(in
d. I
P v
irtu
ale
10.1
.3.3
)
10.1
.3.2HSRP/ VRRP
SW-1 SW-2
1 2 3
4
3 2 1
4
5810.1.20.1
A
B
C
Routing OSPF
D
E
F
Spanning tree #1
Spanning tree #2
Spanning tree #3
c
Legenda
Porta root
Porta designated
Porta Blocking
“Switched LAN” - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © 2002 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Router
Rete geografica
10.1.10.1
10.1.10.2
Protocollo Spanning tree
HSRP/ VRRP
SW-1 SW-2
1 2 3
4
3 2 1
4
5810.1.20.1
A
B
C
Routing OSPF
D
E
F
B. Priority 24576
B. Priority 28672
Tru
nk
Tru
nk
Tru
nk
Tru
nk
Tru
nk
Tru
nk
Trunk
Trunk
Trunk
6 6
Trunk
Trunk
c
Legenda
Porta root
Porta designated
Porta Blocking
“Switched LAN” - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © 2002 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Router
10.1
.10.
1
10.1
.10.
2
HSRP/ VRRP
10.1.20.1
A
B
C
Routing OSPF
D
E
F
SW-1 8
9
1 2 3 4 5
VL
AN
3
VL
AN
4
VL
AN
5
VL
AN
6
VL
AN
7
SW-289
1 2 3 4 5
Dominio Spanning Tree
B. Priority 24576
B. Priority 28672
VL
AN
3
VL
AN
4
VL
AN
5
VL
AN
6
VL
AN
7
X Y
Tru
nk
Tru
nk
Tru
nk
Tru
nk
Tru
nk
Tru
nkTrunk
Trunk
Trunk
Trunk
Trunk
“Switched LAN” - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © 2002 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Edificio B
SW-1 SW-2 SW-2 SW-3
SW-9 SW-8 SW-7 SW-6
SW-11
SW-10
SW-4
SW-5
Comprensorio
Routing OSPF
Edificio A
Edificio E
SW-9 SW-8
Edificio D
Ed
ific
io F
Ed
ific
io C
“Switched LAN” - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © 2002 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Router
10.1
.10.
1
10.1
.10.
2
HSRP/ VRRP
10.1.20.1
A
B
C
Routing OSPF
D
E
F
SW-1 8
9
2
SW-289
2
Dominio Spanning Tree
B. Priority 24576
B. Priority 28672
X Y
Tru
nk
Tru
nk
Tru
nk
Tru
nk
Tru
nk
Tru
nkTrunk
Trunk
Trunk
Trunk
Trunk
VLAN 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 VLAN 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
“Switched LAN” - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © 2002 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Router
10.1
.10.
1
10.1
.10.
2
HSRP/ VRRP
10.1.20.1
A
B
C
Routing OSPF
D
E
F
SW-1 8
9
1 2 5
SW-289
1 2 5
Dominio Spanning Tree
B. Priority 24576
B. Priority 28672
X Y
Tru
nk
Tru
nk
Tru
nk
Tru
nk
Tru
nk
Tru
nkTrunk
Trunk
Trunk
Trunk
Trunk
VL
AN
3,4
VL
AN
6
VL
AN
5,7
VL
AN
3,4
VL
AN
6
VL
AN
5,7