![Page 1: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement 78: 3–89 (2009).
Introduction to the Pilbara Biodiversity Survey, 2002–2007
N.L. McKenzie, S. van Leeuwen and A.M. Pinder
Department of Environment and Conservation, PO Box 51, Wanneroo,
Western Australia 6946, Australia. Email: [email protected]
Abstract – We describe the origins, relevance, aims, specifications and sampling strategy of a six-year biodiversity survey of Western Australia’s Pilbara biogeographic region (179,000 km2). During the project, 422 terrestrial sites were sampled for perennial and annual vascular plants, of which 304 were also sampled for small ground-dwelling mammals, birds, reptiles, frogs, ground-dwelling spiders, ants, beetles and scorpions. Ninety-eight sites on waterbodies were sampled for aquatic invertebrates, macro- and microphytes and the fringing riparian vegetation; 508 boreholes were sampled for stygofauna; 69 sites were sampled for microbats; and mammal bone material from 15 late Holocene deposits was identifi ed. An introduction to literature on the region’s physical environments and recent land-use history is provided, along with descriptions of the Pilbara’s four sub-regions in terms of their different landforms and vegetations.
BACKGROUND
The Pilbara Region of Western Australia (WA) is important to the economic development of Australia, particularly because of its internationally signifi cant reserves of iron ore and the rapidly expanding resources sector they support. The region comprises ancient and striking landscapes in an arid setting, and its biodiversity has elements of tropical, desert and semi-arid southern rangeland fl oras and faunas, as well as many local endemic species. It is the location of two major national parks and several other conservation reserves, but their effectiveness in conserving the region’s biodiversity has not been properly assessed.
The biota of the Pilbara is still poorly documented, despite a considerable amount of localised survey by government institutions, tertiary institutions, and mining companies or their environmental consultants. Examples include Burbidge (1959), Integrated Environmental Services (1980), Fox and Dunlop (1983), Muir (1983), Dunlop and Porter (1985), Anon. (1991), ecologia Environmental Consultants (1997), Eberhard and Humphreys (1999), Trudgen and Casson (1998), van Etten (2000) and Biota Environmental Sciences (2002). Although approximately 800 biological survey reports had been compiled for parts of the region prior to 2005 (Higgs 2005; How and Cowan 2006), only two broad-scale biological studies are available: a vegetation map at 1:1,000,000 scale with explanatory notes (Beard 1975), and a land classification, mapping and pastoral resource evaluation of the region (van Vreeswyk et al. 2004). Both focus on patterns in vegetation and dominant fl ora, rather
than fl oristic composition or fauna. This hampers assessments of the likely environmental impacts of many economically important development projects and pastoral diversification proposals, as well as the development of a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system. New species of terrestrial plants and vertebrates, as well as large numbers of terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates, are still being discovered in the Pilbara. For instance, 12 new taxa of wattle (Acacia) have recently been described from the Pilbara (Maslin and van Leeuwen 2008), six of which are endemic. Similarly, recent studies have revealed that the region has a rich fauna of subterranean invertebrates (Eberhard et al. 2005; Biota Environmental Sciences 2007; Harvey et al. 2008), characterised by localised endemism.
Broad-scale exploitation of Australia’s natural habitats to meet the economic growth demanded by expanding human populations has resulted in widespread declines in biodiversity, including its composition, biomass and productivity (Woinarski et al. 2000). Pilbara landscapes have been modifi ed by pastoral use, mining activities and altered fi re regimes for more than a century. During this period, over-grazing and too-frequent wildfi res have changed vegetation cover and in many instances stripped the upper layers from soil profi les (Payne and Tille 1992), while a range of exotic animals and plants has been introduced, with detrimental effects on the region’s biodiversity. Desktop assessments of the region’s rangeland condition (Woinarski et al. 2000), environmental health (Morgan 2001) and conservation reserve system (McKenzie et al. 2003) have revealed
DOI: 10.18195/issn.0313-122x.78(1).2009.003-089
![Page 2: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
4 N.L. McKenzie, S. van Leeuwen, A.M. Pinder
ongoing degrading processes at levels equivalent to the other arid pastoral regions of Australia. Of the original mammal fauna, 15% is now extinct in the region, and 42 of the region’s 88 vegetation-types (mapped at 1:250 000 scale) do not occur in conservation estate. Indeed, only 0.8% of the region’s Fortescue sub-region is reserved for nature conservation.
Spatially explicit, regional-scale biodiversity models are essential to achieve sustainable development, in which the needs of biodiversity, economic development and human populations are met. Regional biodiversity survey data provide a framework for assessing the environmental impacts of development proposals by providing a quantitative basis for predicting species’ occurrences throughout a region. They provide a context for extrapolating the results of localised surveys and explicit inputs for land-use planning, including cost-effi cient gap-analysis of a region’s conservation reserve system. Without a regional context, intensive localised surveys may exaggerate the conservation importance of a site or of species found there. For example, borefi elds are being planned in many parts of the Pilbara to extract groundwater for economically important mining and downstream processing projects and to supplement town water supplies. Playford (2001) recommended that regional and site-specific surveys of Pilbara stygofauna were essential to resolve difficulties in assessing, under State and Commonwealth environment legislation, the impact of mine de-watering and/or groundwater extraction on stygofauna. Reliable lists of threatened species and ecological communities compiled at a regional scale underpin cost-effective recovery programs.
The importance of a comprehensive regional biodiversity framework for impact assessment and sustainable natural resource development has been articulated in the advice provided to gover n me nt s by t he Env i ron me nt a l Protection Authority for a number of Pilbara development proposals. For example, in the assessment of the West Angelas Iron Ore Project, the Environmental Protection Authority noted: ‘The assessment of developments in the Pilbara is hampered the absence of consolidated information on the regional distribution of terrestrial fauna, subterranean fauna and an adequate database of signifi cant vegetation associations in the region.’ The Authority subsequently recommended: ‘a project to consolidate vegetation and fauna data for the Pilbara to facilitate assessment of future proposals should be initiated …’ (Environmental Protection Authority 1999).
Research has demonstrated that a range of plant and animal groups must be surveyed in order
to reveal actual biodiversity patterns across the landscape (e.g. Ferrier and Watson 1997; Fleishman et al. 2002; McKenzie et al. 2004) and thus make conservation programs cost-effective. Regional biodiversity surveys document the distribution and conservation status of biotic components selected to represent diverse mobility, longevity, daily energy and moisture requirements, nutritional roles, biomasses and reproductive strategies.
The Western Austral ian Department of Environment and Conservation, with the assistance of the Western Australian Museum, has a long-standing commitment to undertaking regional biogeographic surveys of Western Australia. Since the 1970s, there have been major regional surveys of the Eastern Goldfi elds, Nullarbor, Kimberley rainforests, southern Carnarvon Basin and the Wheatbelt (e.g. McKenzie et al. 1991a; Burbidge et al. 2000a; Keighery et al. 2004). Other major surveys cover parts of the Great Sandy Desert, Gibson Desert, Little Sandy Desert, Dampier Peninsula, southern forests and numerous existing and proposed conservation reserves (e.g. Miles and Burbidge 1975; Burbidge and McKenzie 1983; Keighery et al. 2007), though most of these had limited taxonomic scope compared to more recent surveys.
RATIONALE
By 2000, the Pi lbara’s substant ia l and economically important mineral industries were expanding rapidly and the Western Australian Government was becoming concerned about environmental issues. The Pilbara Development Commission’s draft Regional Policy Statement reported: ‘Research and development is a key to a healthy and sustainable future. To maximise the resources available, partnerships will be sought with the private sector, universities and the Commonwealth Government to research regional … environmental issues and opportunities.’ The Premier’s Science Council recommended that Government ‘Increase the funding available to agencies for strategic biodiversity and taxonomic research ...’ and observed that ‘Although CALM … [Western Australian Department of Conservation and Land Management, now WA Department of Environment and Conservation, DEC] … is undertaking regional surveys, this effort is not keeping up with the requirements of the Environmental Protection Authority to assess development proposals or the needs of researchers and communities involved in environmental remediation … the high level of biodiversity in the State and the need for comprehensive surveys of biota will place increasing importance on the role of museum staff … [and] … funding is required…to enable these researchers … to participate in surveys and conduct taxonomic research.’
Similar policies were being drafted in a more
![Page 3: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Pilbara Biodiversity Survey Introduction 5
general context during that period. To ‘… Ensure the protection of biodiversity and ecological integrity on a regional scale…’ (Department of Local Government and Regional Development’s draft Regional Policy Statement for WA, November 2002); to ‘Complete the program of comprehensive bioregional surveys designed to establish an inventory of the State’s terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity and to identify areas of signifi cance for nature conservation, and incorporate a CAR [Comprehensive, Adequate and Representative] reserve system in … high priority bioregions …’ (Western Australian Government Environment Policy Paper, ‘New Directions’); ‘Government continues to expand the conservation estate to achieve a [CAR] reserve system …’ and will ‘Establish and maintain a whole-of-government environmental database that incorporates the results of the ongoing biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government 2002).
An explicit basis for minimising the impact of resource development and land use on Pilbara biodiversity would require a quantitative, region-wide understanding of biodiversity patterns. To build this context, a program of fi eld sampling was designed for this survey, to:
• Provide systematic baseline data on the current distribution of biota across the region as a regional perspective on nature conservation prior it ies and a f ramework for future monitoring of regional-scale trends. To achieve this, the project had to include taxonomic studies of relevant plant and animal groups with poorly resolved phylogenies at the species-level such as lizards and aquatic invertebrates, especially those describing species that defi ne groundwater communities.
• Provide a more detailed understanding of plant and animal distributions: an explicit context for assessing the conservation status and distribution of species and communities and the signifi cance of localised occurrences of species, on which to base management actions and determine the conservation implications of development proposals.
• Include a quantitative assessment of the existing reserve system to identify gaps in its coverage of species and communities and identify areas that effi ciently improve its comprehensiveness, adequacy and representativeness. This reserve system is the primary nature conservation strategy, and a basis for promoting and attracting ecotourism to the spectacular and world-class scenery and wilderness values found throughout the Pilbara.
• Make the results of the survey available in a usable form to government, industry and the wider community.
The regional survey to provide these data was first proposed in September 1992 by the Environmental Protection Authority who, in their recommendations to government in the assessment of the Marandoo Mine and Central Pilbara Railway, stated: ‘… an integrated biological survey should be carried out to determine the distribution of signifi cant species of fl ora and fauna and geographically restricted vegetation communities … in the Central Pilbara Region’ and ‘Data collection should begin without delay’ (Environmental Protection Authority 1992).
The project’s eventual specifications involved surveying the vertebrates and an array of invertebrate groups at 304 terrestrial zoology sites, plants at 422 sites (304 of which were also terrestrial zoological sites), microbats at 69 sites, and invertebrates and flora at 98 surface aquatic sites scattered across the region. It also included a survey of mammal bones from late Holocene deposits located within the region. A stygofauna component was not included in the plan until 2000, when an application to dewater the calcrete aquifer associated with BHP Billiton’s ‘Ore Body 23’, near Newman, was presented to the Environmental Protection Authority. By early 2001, after including a stygofauna survey of 350 ground-water access points in the specifi cation, CALM’s policy directorate had decided to proceed with the project, and collaborations with Western Australian Museum and the Commonwealth Government’s Natural Heritage Trust were being negotiated. Fieldwork on the stygofaunal component of the survey commenced in July 2002, while other components commenced in March 2003.
AIM
The overall aim was to carry out the first comprehensive biodiversity survey of the Pilbara region. Specifi c aims were to:
• Provide systematic region-wide site-based survey data on the current distribution of the biota across the region, and a framework for future monitoring of regional-scale trends.
• Sample a range of organisms that, in combination, is wide enough to provide a spatially explicit biodiversity model of the region.
• Analyse these data in relation to the region’s physical environments, and interpret them in terms of earlier species records.
• Identify gradients in community composition, and the environmental factors related to these gradients, to provide a better understanding of plant and animal distributions.
• Undertake taxonomic studies where necessary
![Page 4: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
6 N.L. McKenzie, S. van Leeuwen, A.M. Pinder
to defi ne and describe key species that defi ne
communities.
• Assess the adequacy of the existing reserve
system and identify gaps in its coverage of
species and communities.
• Publish the survey results in refereed scientifi c
journals, make the data-bases freely available
in convenient formats, and communicate the
project’s progress, results and implications
through relevant media to encourage imple-
mentation of the project’s recommendations.
THE STUDY AREA
The Pilbara biogeographic region corresponds
closely to the Pilbara Craton, and encompasses an
area of approximately 179,000 km2. The mainland
component is 178,500 km2 with the residual area
being represented by offshore islands, principally
within the Dampier Archipelago. The region
extends from 20º to 23º30´S latitude, and 115º to
121º30´E longitude (Figure 1), and is bounded by
the Indian Ocean to the north-west, sand deserts
to north-east and east, and the Gascoyne and
Carnarvon regions to the south and south-west,
respectively. For the aquatic survey, the study was extended southwards from the southern boundary of the Hamersley subregion to the main channel of the Ashburton River, and eastwards to the Rudall River.
The Pilbara region as defi ned by Thackway and Cresswell (1994), and used in the study, is founded on the Fortescue Botanical District as described by Beard (1990). It therefore encompasses the eight physiographic units identified by Beard (1975): Abydos Plain, George Range, Oakover Valley, Chichester Plateau, Fortescue Valley, Hamersley Plateau, Stuart Hills and Onslow Coastal Plain. Within a national physiographic framework, the study area includes the De Grey Lowlands, Nullagine Hills, Chichester Range, Fortescue Valley, Hamersley Plateau and portions of the Onslow Plain and Carnarvon Dunefi eld sections of the Pilbara and Western Coastlands Provinces as defi ned by Jennings and Mabbutt (1977). In terms of the contemporary soil-landscape classifi cation for the rangelands and arid interior of Western Australia (Tille 2006), the study area includes all 10 zones of the Fortescue Province and extends into two zones of the Exmouth Province (Cane River and Onslow Plain) and two zones of the Ashburton
Figure 1 The Pilbara Biogeographic Region (Environment Australia 2000) showing towns, main rivers (blue lines), land tenure, sub-regions (green lines), and surrounding regions (black lines).
![Page 5: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Pilbara Biodiversity Survey Introduction 7
Province (Stuart Plains and Hills, and Ashburton Valley). It also intrudes into the periphery of the Eighty Mile Coast, Nita Sandplain and Great Sandy Desert zones of the Canning Province, and the Waroo zone of the Patterson-Yeneena Province.
The region’s islands were not sampled during the survey because they are comparatively small and their fl oras and faunas are relatively well-known in the context of the region as a whole (e.g. WEL 2007).
CLIMATE
An overview of the region’s climate was provided by Leighton (2004). Briefl y, most rainfall occurs in summer, along with thunderstorms and occasional cyclonic activity. Average annual rainfall is 290 mm, ranging from a monthly average of c. 2 mm in September to 66 mm in February. January, February and March are the wettest months while September and October are the driest (Figure 2). In some years there is rain in early winter. Leighton (2004) commented ‘… the slightly bimodal pattern of rain ensures, in good years, that the vegetation growing season is prolonged.’ There is substantial year-to-year variation in rainfall, both locally and regionally. At least one cyclone traverses the region in a normal summer and others pass close by along the coast. They supply half of the annual rainfall. Cyclonic rainfall has occasionally exceeded 700 mm in 24 hours, and more than 1200 mm annually, at particular localities.
The thunderstorm and cyclonic nature of most rainfall events interacts with the rocky slopes of the upper- and mid-catchment topography to generate high run-off volumes and velocities. These events cause widespread sheet erosion in areas denuded by recent bushfires or over-grazing, and the over-bank riverine fl oods strip riparian zones. The transported material is deposited as bed loads of sand in the river systems, and as clays and silts onto fl oodplains on the Fortescue and Roebourne Plains and on the seafloor at the mouths of the major rivers. Although there are few extended periods when the entire Pilbara is affected by drought, areas are regularly affected by defi ciencies, either serious (lowest 10% of rainfall values recorded for a three-month period) or severe (lowest 5%). On a drought-risk scale of zero to one, the Pilbara has an area-weighted average greater than 0.7 (Colls and Whitaker 1995).
Monthly maximum temperatures range from an average of 25ºC in July to 37ºC in January, and minimum temperatures from an average of 12ºC in July to 25ºC in January (Figure 2). The Pilbara straddles two bioclimatic regions (Beard, 1990). The higher rainfall areas inland (Hamersley Plateau) and the cooler areas near the coast have a semi-
desert tropical climate with nine to 11 months of dry weather. The rest has a desert climate characterised by up to 12 months of dry weather and generally higher temperatures. Beard defi ned dry weather as periods when precipitation is insuffi cient to sustain growth given the ambient temperatures. The region’s broad near-coastal band (Figure 3) has a hot, humid summer with a warm winter, while inland areas experience a hot dry summer and a mild winter. Evaporation is probably the most important factor in water loss in the region, infl uencing both plants and animals. Throughout the Pilbara, potential evaporation exceeds average annual rainfall by a factor of at least eight, and by up to 20 in its south-east.
Climate change will have a wide range of impacts on biodiversity within the Pilbara. It may impact upon species distributions and abundance, ecosystem processes, the interaction between species and the various threats that currently impinge on biodiversity. Key amongst the emerging climate change threats to Pilbara biodiversity will be the arrival of species (native and exotic) new to the region, further alterations to fi re regimes, land use changes and alterations to hydrological regimes (Dunlop and Brown 2008). How Pilbara biodiversity responds to the climate change challenge will to some extent be moderated by a CAR reserves system, the generally good condition of many Pilbara ecosystems and the inherent refugial nature of some habitats (e.g. hill tops, mesic gorges, permanent spring fed pools) (Morton et al. 1995).
Current predictions of future climatic conditions across the Pilbara (CSIRO and Bureau of Meteorology 2007; Dunlop and Brown 2008) suggest that:
• the region will become warmer with more hot days and fewer cold nights;
• a small decline in annual rainfall is possible;
• the water deficit will increase as higher evaporation rates reduce runoff;
• droughts will be more frequent and severe;
• extreme storm events will become more common, particularly tropical cyclones;
• there will be greater inundation in coastal areas, associated with storm surge and sea level rises.
Using the agro-climatic zones of Hobbs and McIntyre (2005), Dunlop and Brown (2008) suggested that the key issues for biodiversity resulting from climate change are likely to be:
• changes in fi re regime but somewhat moderated by limited growth and grazing;
• arrival of further species from the tropics and additional pasture species as a result of wet season rain.
![Page 6: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
8 N.L. McKenzie, S. van Leeuwen, A.M. Pinder
Figure 2 Bioclimatic regions and monthly average rainfall (mm), maximum and minimum temperature (ºC) and 9 am and 3 pm relative humidity values based on a selection of six Bureau of Meterology weather stations scattered throughout the Pilbara.
![Page 7: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Pilbara Biodiversity Survey Introduction 9
• overgrazing from a reduction in productivity commensurate with an increase in moisture defi ciency.
SOILS
Soil development throughout the ranges is generally poor, especially toward the highest areas where slope and gravitational forces colluded to redistribute such material down slope. Typically, soils are skeletal, shallow and stony, having been derived in situ or deposited as colluvium and alluvium pediments on valley floors. Colours reflect the underlying parent material as does the preponderance of ferruginous pediments. Texturally the soils are stony loams, although clays and silts become prevalent towards the bottom of the catena (Bettenay et al. 1967). As a consequence of parent rock geology most soils are of low fertility and slightly acidic, although the clays associated with basalts and those of alluvial and colluvial valley fl oors tend towards alkaline and are more fertile (CALM 1999; van Etten 2000).
Hennig (2004) identifi ed 21 broad Soil Groups, and interpreted their occurrence according to the region’s geomorphology. This interpretation is summarised in the following paragraphs. Shallow stony soils on hills and ranges and sands
on sandplains are the most extensive. The red/brown soils of hills and ranges have stony profi les and very stony surfaces with rock outcrops. Red shallow loams/sands are most common on basalt hills, with shallow non-cracking clays in isolated pockets and valleys within these hill systems. Red loamy earths with deeper profi les and stony surfaces occur downslope, along with areas of deep non-cracking clays. Self-mulching cracking clays occur at the lowest landscape levels, with areas of deep non-cracking clays and deep loamy duplex soils.
Granitic landforms comprise red sands, shallow where granite hills outcrop but expressed as gently undulating plains with red sandy earths, deep sands and loamy earths elsewhere. Calcrete areas have shallow calcareous loams. Stony soils dominate hills and mesas on the region’s eastern periphery, with stony red loamy earths on plains below the hills and deep red/brown non-cracking clays at the lowest levels in this landscape. Further east is the Great Sandy Desert, characterised by deep red sand surfaces expressed as dunefi elds with areas of red sandy earth on sandplains and scattered hills with stony soils. The western periphery of the study area has extensive plains of deep red sand and red sandy earths, with stony soils adjacent to hills.
Figure 3 Digital elevation model (from Geoscience Australia GEODATA 3 second DEM version 2), with IBRA ver-sion 6 regional and subregional boundaries superimposed as black lines and as white lines, respectively. The boundary between coastal and desert climatic zones is marked as a dashed line.
![Page 8: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
10 N.L. McKenzie, S. van Leeuwen, A.M. Pinder
Alluvial plains of deep red sandy duplex soils and fl oodplains of red/brown non-cracking clays are associated with major rivers. Alluvial plains of the major rivers further east comprise self-mulching cracking clays, red/brown non-cracking clays and some deep red sandy duplex. These same three soil groups, but in reverse order of extensiveness, form the plains near the Pilbara’s north-west coast and the deltas of its rivers. Mostly dry, the river beds and levees have juvenile or poorly developed sandy soils that show sediment layers of coarse loose sand, clayey sand, silty sand and silty clay. The region’s coast comprises tidal soils (saline clays and sandy clay loams) with beaches of calcareous deep sands in some areas. Adjacent are plains of deep
red or grey sandy or loamy duplex soils, saline red/
brown non-cracking clays and deep red sand.
LAND SYSTEMS
The Western Austral ian Department of
Agriculture and Food, in collaboration with the
Department of Land Information (now Landgate),
have undertaken three rangeland surveys that,
together, encompass the Pilbara bioregion. These
describe and map the biophysical resources
present, and evaluate the condition of the soils
and vegetation. Commencing in 1976, the first
focused on the Ashburton River catchment (Payne
et al. 1988). It was followed by the Roebourne
Figure 4 Simplifi ed geological map of the Pilbara.
![Page 9: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Pilbara Biodiversity Survey Introduction 11
Plains survey of 1987 (Payne and Tille 1992), and culminated in the Pilbara Ranges survey (van Vreeswyk et al. 2004) which commenced in 1995.
Within the bioregion there are 104 land systems (Payne 2004). The area occupied by these land systems varies from approximately 29,000 km2 for the Rocklea land system to 18 km2 for the Augustus land system. The fi ve most abundant land systems account for approximately 45% of the bioregion (Rocklea, Newman, Macroy, Uaroo and Capricorn). Forty-fi ve of the land systems are unique to the Pilbara. The largest Pilbara-unique land system is Macroy (13,360 km2), while the smallest is Tanpool (68 km2).
Land systems are grouped into land-types according to landforms, soils, drainage patterns and vegetation. Within the Pilbara there are 20 land types with the dominant type, occupying 40% (71,680 km2) of the bioregion, being described as ‘… hills and ranges with spinifex grasslands’ (Payne 2004). The smallest land-type in the region is ‘… alluvial plains with halophytic shrublands’ at less than 0.1% of the bioregion. This land type is represented by only one land system (Talawana).
SUBREGIONAL DESCRIPTIONS
The Pilbara Craton is one of Australia’s major geological blocks (Trendall 1990). The Craton is characterised by hard rock landscapes that were laid down in Archaean times 2.5 to 3.5 billion years ago, making them some of the oldest rocks on the planet. A simplifi ed geology map is shown in Figure 4. The basement is exposed as granite (domes, nubbins, tors, inselbergs) and greenstone (basic and ultrabasic volcanic rocks) terraine (Thorne and Trendall 2001) in the north, but overlain by rugged sedimentary strata, volcanic fl ows and lateritised caps in the south. A product of their geoclimatic history, Pilbara landscapes comprise rough ranges, broad plateaux and stony ridges separated by rolling stony plains of alluvial clays, silts, sands and gravels. The uplands are defi ned by abrupt escarpments and steep scree slopes which are incompletely mantled by shallow skeletal soils. Gorges, picturesque rockholes and grassy fl oodplains occur along seasonally active, exoreic river systems that drain the uplands. Extensive quaternary alluvial and aeolian coastal fl ats and fl oodplains form the region’s mangrove-fringed western margin. Because of this history, and its impact on the plants and animals that inhabit these landscapes, the Pilbara is considered to be a natural region both geologically and biologically (Beard 1975, 1990; Thackway and Cresswell 1995).
The region is divided into four geomorphically
distinctive subregions (Environment Australia 2008) (Figures 1 and 3).
Roebourne
Abutting the Indian Ocean along the Pilbara’s northern and north-western fringe is the Roebourne subregion (PIL4) which covers an area of 18,910 km2 or approximately 10% of the study area. The subregion is divided into two sections by a coastal extension of the Chichester subregion near Cape Lambert, west of Roebourne. The southern portion of the subregion aligns with the Onslow Coastal Plain physiographic unit as demarcated by Beard (1975), whereas the northern portion of the subregion captures the coastal portion of the Abydos Plain physiographic unit described as ‘The grass plains’ and ‘The coastal complex’ by Beard (1975). This subregion comprises mostly Quaternary (< 10 Mya) alluvial and aeolian coastal and sub-coastal plains. These plains, which are traversed by active floodplains adjacent to the larger rivers systems (De Grey, Fortescue, Yule) support sandy to heavy clay substrates and gilgais. They are mostly covered by grassland of mixed bunch grass (Aristida spp., Enneapogon spp.), tussock grass (Cenchrus spp., Eriachne spp., Eragrostis spp., Sorghum spp.) and hummock grass (Triodia spp.) and dwarf to open shrubland of snakewood (Acacia xiphophylla) and A. stellaticeps over soft spinifex, mostly Triodia pungens and T. epactia. Infrequent emergent Archaean granitic tors and domes, metamorphosed hills of sedimentary rock (banded iron formation) and low ranges of basalt metamorphosed siltstone and granophyre are all covered in dwarf to open shrubland dominated by Acacia arida and A. bivenosa over hard Triodia wiseana hummock grasslands. Ephemeral short drainage features (e.g. Nickol River, Du Boulay Creek), scattered claypans and other drainage foci support open woodlands of western coolibah (Eucalyptus victrix) with Pilbara jam (A. citrinoviridis) and, in localities with permanent water (e.g. Miaree Pool), forests and closed tall woodlands of silver cadjeput (Melaleuca argentea), river red gum (E. camaldulensis) and white dragon tree (Sesbania formosa). On the larger river deltas, open woodlands of western coolibah and Bauhinia cunninghamii are present over dense shrublands of Sesbania cannabina and budda pea (Aeschynomene indica), although mesquite (Prosopis spp.), a weed of national signifi cance, forms impenetrable thickets on the Fortescue River delta. Samphire (Tecticornia spp.) dwarf scrublands, Sporobolus grasslands, low coastal dunes covered with Spinifex longifolius, and low mangrove forests comprising Avicennia marina, Bruguiera exaristata, Rhizophora stylosa and Ceriops tagal occur on marine alluvial fl ats and the smaller river deltas.
![Page 10: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
12 N.L. McKenzie, S. van Leeuwen, A.M. Pinder
Chichester
The Chichester is the largest subregion (PIL1), covering over 47% of the Pilbara (83,700 km2). Its characteristic feature is the Chichester Range which extends for over 400 km, from west of the Millstream-Chichester National Park to Balfour Downs Station in the east. Other noteworthy ranges include the Gorge Range, Gregory Range, Panorama Ridge, Nimingarra Ridge, Black Range and the Ripon Hills. Northwards and eastwards, its topography becomes more subdued and its landscapes less rugged. The subregion is characterised by undulating Archaean (2500+ Mya) granite and greenstone terrain comprising granitic tors, domes, nubbins, stony granitic plains, some minor sandy plains and signifi cant areas of rugged basaltic and to a less extent sandstone ranges, ridges and dissected plateaux. Signifi cant areas of Archaean greywacke exist (e.g. Mosquito Creek Formation) along with Carboniferous-Permian sandstones in the subregion’s east and north-east. Its northern part is relatively fl at and undulating, being dominated by large alluvial floodplains associated with the De Grey River system and its tributaries (Oakover, Nullagine, Shaw, Yilgalong). This subregion encompasses all of the gorge ranges, almost all of the Chichester Plateau and Oakover Valley and the largest portion of the Abydos Plain physiographic units as delimited by Beard (1975).
Throughout this subregion, rolling plains and gently undulating hills support a shrubland characterised by wattles, in particular Acacia inaequilatera, A. ancistrocarpa, A. tumida var. pilbarensis and A. orthocarpa/arida, over hard spinifex (T. wiseana, T. lanigera, T. secunda) hummock grassland. Scattered snappy gums (Eucalyptus leucophloia) over open Acacia shrublands occur ubiquitously on uplands and ranges. Tablelands of decomposing basalt are a distinguishing feature of the Chichester Plateau along the southern margin of the subregion. These tablelands, described as the Wona Land System (Van Vreeswyk et al. 2004), comprise gilgai plains or self-mulching cracking clays supporting tussock grasslands dominated by Mitchell grass (Astrebla spp.), sorghum (Sorghum spp.) and Roebourne Plain grass (Eragrostis xerophila) and/or herbfields of ephemeral Papilionaceae (Desmodium spp., Glycine spp., Rhynchosia spp.), Amaranthaceae (Ptilotus spp.) and Convolvulaceae (Ipomoea spp., Operculina spp.). In the subdued east of the subregion, open Mulga (Acacia aneura s.l.) woodlands and shrublands (with A. subcontorta) over tussock grasses and soft hummock grasslands (T. melvillei, T. pungens) are prevalent, especially on hardpans and rocky footslopes. Shrubland dominated by Acacia (A. ancistrocarpa, A. fecunda, A. synchronicia/robeorum) with Grevillea wickhamii and Hakea lorea over hard
hummock grasslands (T. wiseana, T. lanigera) persists on some of the stony pediments. On scree slopes, amongst breakaways, on granitic domes and along many rocky riparian habitats throughout the subregion, fi gs (Ficus brachypoda), the Pilbara kurrajong (Brachychiton acuminatus) and wing-nut tree (Terminalia canescens) are conspicuous elements of the fl ora.
The region is drained to the north by numerous river systems including the Maitland, Harding, Sherlock, Yule, Turner, and tributaries of the De Grey. These rivers have a dendritic drainage pattern and most cross extensive fl at plains (especially as they traverse the Roebourne subregion). Like the Roebourne subregion, the Chichester’s riparian systems typically support a woodland or forest with silver cadjeput, river red gum, western coolibah and white dragon tree. Their understorey is dominated by introduced tussock grasses (e.g. Cenchrus spp., Echinochloa colona) in most localities. The alluvial plains fronting the De Grey River and its tributaries support soft hummock grasslands (Triodia pungens, T. epactia) or tussock grasslands (Eragrostis xerophila, Cenchrus ciliaris, Chrysopogon fallax), while gilgai plains support Mitchell grass (Astrebla spp.) and swamp grass (E. benthamii). Along the escarpment of the Chichester Range in the south of the subregion, drainage is short, parallel and empties onto the alluvial plains of the Fortescue Valley. Open mulga woodlands, snakewood shrublands and hard hummock grasslands with emergent Hamersley bloodwoods (Corymbia hamersleyana, C. semiclara) or snappy gums occupy these slopes.
The iconic Millstream wetland is located on the southern margin of the subregion, where the Fortescue River has bisected the Chichester Plateau and incised calcareous valley-fi ll deposits of the Fortescue subregion. A spring-fed riparian system on permanent river pools, Millstream supports a forest or tall closed woodlands of silver cadjeput, river red gum, western coolibah and white dragon tree over thickets of tea tree (Melaleuca glomerata, M. bracteata) and Hibiscus austrinus. It also has a large population of the Millstream fan-palm (Livistona alfredii), locally endemic invertebrates such as the damselfly Nososticta pilbara, and some unusual introduced plants such as Indian water fern (Ceratopteris thalictroides) and water lilies (Nymphaea spp.).
Fortescue
The Fortescue subregion (PIL2) corresponds closely to the Fortescue Valley physiographic units as delimited by Beard (1975) and occupies an area of 19 560 km2 or 11% of the bioregion. The Valley comprises mostly Quaternary alluviums, colluviums, aeolian sand plains and lacustrine
![Page 11: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Pilbara Biodiversity Survey Introduction 13
deposits overlying Tertiary valley-fi ll units of the Late Eocene (>41 Mya). These valley-fi ll deposits are expressed as pisolitic limonites (Robe Pisolite), calcretes and minor silcretes (Thorne and Tyler 1997). The subregion is centred on the Fortescue River.
The northern margin of the Fortescue subregion follows the southern periphery of the Chichester and mostly comprises bajadas (alluvial fan) and outwash plains. The dominant vegetation on these bajadas is open mulga woodland and snakewood shrubland over tussock grasses (Themeda triandra, Chrysopogon fallax, Eragrostis spp.) or open hummock grasses (Triodia pungens, T. wiseana) although, towards the west, there are woodlands of snappy gum (E. leucophloia) and Pilbara bloodwood over Acacia and Senna shrublands and hummock grasslands (Triodia spp.). In some places, the Chichester Range protrudes southwards into the Fortescue valley (e.g. Goodiadarrie Hills, Mt Murray). These isolated hills and ridges comprising Marra Mamba Iron Formation, sandstone or conglomerate landforms and support Acacia low shrubland (A. trachycarpa, A. arrecta) over hummock grasses. The northern slopes of the subregion are drained by mostly short, parallel features, often supporting slightly denser fringing mulga woodland with the occasional western coolibah and whitewood (Atalaya hemiglauca).
The eastern portion of the subregion is very subdued and comprises mostly bajadas, hardpan plains and flood-out zones. The bajadas and hardpan plains are typically covered by low woodlands of mulga and mulga allies (e.g. Acacia paraneura, A. catenulata subsp. occidentalis, A. ayersiana) over open shrubs (Eremophila forrestii, E. cuneifolia, E. lanceolata) and scattered hummock grasses, although herbs (e.g. Ptilotus exaltatus, P. auriculifolius, P. helipteroides) are abundant in season. Extensive grove-intergrove mulga communities exist on very gentle bajadas. The fl ood-out zones, which are mostly restricted to the sluggish dendritic drainage lines and foci of the upper branches of the Fortescue River and its tributaries (e.g. Jigalong and Jimblebar Creeks), support woodlands of western coolibah, western ghost gum (Corymbia candida), whitewood, mulga, weeping wire wood (Acacia coriacea subsp. pendens) and A. distans over tussock grasses (Cenchrus ciliaris, Eragrostis benthamii, Eulalia aurea) and herbs (Calotis multicaulis, Ptilotus helipteroides, P. gomphrenoides). Some of these communities are signifi cantly degraded because of unsustainable pastoral activities, with the woody increaser bardi bush (Acacia synchronicia) dominating to form impenetrable spinescent thickets over large areas of many fl ood-out zones, especially at sites where intensive grazing and livestock activity (e.g. around
water sources) have excluded all palatable species. Similarly, bardi bush also becomes dominant when the functionality of grove-intergrove and hardpan mulga woodlands on fl ood-out zones is compromised. Overgrazing and livestock activity promote this dysfunctionality by creating leaky systems (Tongway et al. 2001), which are the consequence of alterations to the fl ow and status of water, nutrients and organic matter in fertile mulga patches. Also, as a result of intensive land revegetation efforts, buffel grass dominates the understorey of some fl ood-out zones and hardpans, particularly on Ethel Creek station.
Sig ni f icant areas of aeol ian sandplain, occasionally with small (<2 m) dunes, also exist in the east of this subregion as stranded enclaves of the nearby Little Sandy Desert. These sandplains support open mulga, Pilbara box (Eucalyptus xerothermica), northwest box (E. tephrodes) or desert bloodwood (Corymbia deserticola) woodlands with some blue-leafed mallee (E. gamophylla) over soft hummock grasses (Triodia pungens, T. melvillei). Low scrub and heath comprising conspicuous sandy desert fl oral elements (Grevillea juncifolia, G. eriostachya, Kennedia prorepens, Leptosema chambersii, Diplopeltis stuartii) persist in the dune areas.
The southern part of the Fortescue Subregion comprises short, parallel drainage features with bajadas abutting the Hamersley escarpment and floodout plains derived from drainage features with steep gradients that arise within the Hamersley Plateau (e.g. Weelumurra Creek, Weeli Wolli Creek, Dales Gorge and Munjina Gorge). Like those bajadas to the north, open mulga woodlands (Acacia aneura s.l., A. pruinocarpa) and snakewood shrublands over tussock grasses (Eragrostis spp.) or open hummock grasslands (Triodia wiseana, T. melvillei) predominate, particularly to the east of Wittenoom. West of Wittenoom the woodlands tend to be replaced by Acacia shrublands (A. ancistrocarpa, A. tumida var. pilbarensis, A. cowleana, A. atkinsiana) or open Hamersley bloodwood and Pilbara box woodlands, with some blue-leaved mallee shrublands over hummock grasses (T. wiseana, T. pungens, T. melvillei). The vegetation of drainage features tends to be similar to that on the north side of the valley, although river red gum and white dragon tree persist along the features with greater episodic fl ows.
The western end of the subregion is represented by the ancient Fortescue River bed and the drainage divide abutting the Robe River valley. This area is relatively fl at and mostly supports mixed Acacia shrublands (Acacia ancistrocarpa, A. tumida var. pilbarensis, A. cowleana, A. maitlandii, A. atkinsiana) over soft hummock grasses (Triodia pungens, T. melvillei). At the base of the catenary sequence the calcareous alluvial and gilgai plains support an
![Page 12: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
14 N.L. McKenzie, S. van Leeuwen, A.M. Pinder
herbaceous tussock grassland of barley Mitchell grass (Astrebla pectinata), kangaroo grass (Themeda triandra) and ribbon grass (Chrysopogon fallax) with scattered western coolibahs and Pilbara ghost gums.
A significant and dominant feature of this subregion is the Fortescue Marsh. This drainage feature, 100 km long, is effectively the terminus of the upper Fortescue River; the lower Fortescue River arises from streams draining the Chichester and Hamersley Ranges below the Marsh and west of the Goodiadarrie Hills. The Quaternary alluvial and lacustrine deposits of the marsh are dominated by low mulga woodlands over bunch grass (Aristida spp., Enneapogon spp.) on the non-saline alluvial plains, fringing wattle (Acacia ampliceps, A. sclerosperma var. sclerosperma) shrublands on saline clay banks and calcareous rises, scattered samphire (Tecticornia spp.), saltbush (Atriplex spp.) and Eremophila spongiocarpa shrubs on saline cracking and non-cracking clay fl ats, and a shrubby grassland of salt water couch (Sporobolus virginicus) with false lignum (Muellerolimon salicorniaceum) and lignum (Muehlenbeckia fl orulenta) on fl ood plains. The lakebed and saline fl oodplains, which may extend for up to 10 km, are dominated by a dense low shrubland or heath of samphires and both lignum and false lignum.
West of the Goodiadarrie Hills, the Fortescue River traverses an extensive active alluvial fl ood plain where the drainage is meandering and anastomosing until a series of central channels becomes defined near Kanjenjie as the river becomes constrained by the Chichester Plateau and cuts deeply into the calcareous Millstream aquifer.
The vegetation fringing the ephemeral drainage channels along this part of the Fortescue River comprises mixed river red gum, western coolibah and Acacia woodlands (A. distans, A. catenulata subsp. occidentalis, A. aneura s.l., A. xiphophylla) and tall shrublands over tussock grasslands comprising Roebourne Plains grass, ribbon grass and swamp grass. Heavy cracking clay and gilgai plains are also common and support tussock grasslands dominated by Mitchell grasses, neverfail (Eragrostis setifolia), ribbon grass and swamp grass, often with an emergent ephemeral shrub layer of Sesbania cannabina and budda pea. Sporadic drainage foci and pools, usually in deep clays or alluvium, support woodlands of western coolibah, Acacia distans and A. aneura s.l. over lignum and tussock grasses (Astrebla spp., Eriachne spp., Themeda spp.).
Hamersley
The Hamersley subregion (PIL3) occupies the southern part of the Pilbara Craton and encompasses the Hamersley Range s.l., the most prominent mountainous area in Western Australia.
The subregion occupies an area of 56,490 km2 or 32% of the bioregion. The Hamersley Plateau and Stuart Hills (Beard 1975) are encompassed within this subregion. It is a mountainous area of Archaean-Palaeoproterozoic (545–2500 Mya) metamorphosed sedimentary and volcanic ranges and plateaux. The surface geology is dominated by banded ironstone formation sedimentary rocks interlaced to varying degrees with intrusions of chert, dolomite, siltstone and shales. The ancient Archaean granitic and greenstone basement outcrops sporadically throughout the range, predominantly in the south with some isolated exposures along well-eroded drainage lines towards the centre of the subregion (Figure 4). Cainozoic deposits of Robe Pisolite, alluvium and colluvial valley fi lls derived from sources further up the catena profi le form most valley fl oors (Beard 1975; Tyler et al. 1990).
The Hamersley subregion is geomorphologically a series of topographical features (ranges, ridges, hills and plateaux) encompassing isolated and continuous chains of uplands that rise above a plateau surface from a basement of about 250 m above sea level in the west to over 1200 m on the highest peaks which occupy the central Hamersley Plateau. The highest peak, Mt Meharry, is 1245 m above sea level. In the north the subregion is demarcated by an abrupt, precipitous escarpment that is broken in many places by entrenched, incised gorges such as Dales, Hancock, Bee and Yampire Gorge. To the east and south the escarpment is subdued as the topography of the Hamersley Plateau gives way to the broad Ashburton River valley and the low rocky hills of the Bangemall Basin and the Sylvania Inlier (Tyler et al. 1990). On the western fl ank the relief is also somewhat subdued after traversing the western escarpment and entering the raised plains of the Stuart Hills (Beard 1975), although the pisolitic mesas and breakaways of the Robe Valley and sandstones of the Parry Range do confer some relief. The Hamersley Range, which occurs entirely within the subregion, encompasses a number of constituent ranges and ridge massifs, such as the Eastern, Goondoowandoo, Gurinbiddy, Hancock, Jirrpalpur, Lawloit, Ophthalmia, Packsaddle, Werribee and Western Ranges.
Surface water drains into the Fortescue River on the northern and eastern fl anks of the subregion, into the Robe and Cane Rivers in the west and into the Ashburton River to the south. Typically, drainage along the northern escarpment is short and abrupt via deeply incised gorges, although some large channels such a Weeli Wolli, Marillana, Western and Weelumurra Creek exist. The small drainages are dominated by emergent Pilbara bloodwoods, Pilbara box, western coolibahs with
![Page 13: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Pilbara Biodiversity Survey Introduction 15
Acacia (A. maitlandii, A. monticola, A. tumida var. pilbarensis, A. ancistrocarpa) shrubland over hard and soft hummock grasses (Triodia wiseana, T. pungens) and occasional tussock grasses (Themeda spp.) depending on landscape position. The large channels contain extensive alluvium and fine depositional deposits and support a fringing riparian open tall woodland of river red gums and western coolibahs over woodlands or tall shrublands of Pilbara jam, slender petalostylis (Petalostylis labicheoides) and weeping wire wood over soft hummock grasses (T. pungens, T. epactia) and tussock grasses such as buffel grass, kangaroo grass and silky browntop (Eulalia aurea). In sites where the drainage is interrupted and the water table rises, extensive silver cadjeput forests with red river gums and western coolibah woodlands over native cotton (Gossypium spp.) and sedgelands of stiffleaf sedge (Cyperus vaginatus) may exist. Drainage into the Ashburton River is via a series of more elaborate dendritic channels such as Turee and Duck Creeks and the Beasley, Hardey and Angelo Rivers. The vegetation of these drainage lines is akin to that of drainage features elsewhere in the subregion, being dominated by eucalypt woodlands over wattle shrubs, although in the Cave Creek (and to a less extent Duck Creek) systems extensive fringing riparian woodlands support Millstream fan palms when calcareous valley-fi ll deposits are encountered.
Internal drainage basins are extensive on the Hamersley Plateau. Examples include Lake Robinson, Munjina Claypan and the Mt Bruce, Coondewanna and Wanna Munna Flats. These basins tend to fi ll following the passage of intense tropical cyclones. The basins are mostly on hardpan or alluvial plains and support extensive tall to low mulga woodland with scattered emergent Pilbara box over bunch grasses (Aristida spp., Eriachne spp.) on fi ne textured soils. On very fl at pediments, well-developed grove-intergrove mulga woodlands may exist with emergent western gidgee (Acacia pruinocarpa) and a suite of mulga allies (A. paraneura, A. ayersiana, A. aneura var. intermedia, A. aneura var. macrocarpa, A. aneura var. pilbarana). These are also termed banded mulga formations. In areas where the hardpan is close to the surface and soil depth is insuffi cient to support trees, an open scrub of Eremophila (E. caespitosa, E. lanceolata, E. lachnocalyx) and Senna (S. artemisioides subsp. helmsii, S. artemisioides subsp. × sturtii, S. sericea) species may persist with scattered stunted shrubs (A. subcontorta, Psydrax spp.). The basement sump of such internal drainage basins is usually dominated by a woodland of western coolibah over tussock grasses (Themeda triandra, Eulalia aurea, Eragrostis spp., Eriachne spp., Chrysopogon fallax) or lignum and swamp grass.
The permanent pools of the northern gorges support a typically riparian vegetation community dominated by silver cadjeput, river red gum, western coolibah and white dragon tree over sedgelands of stiffleaf sedge along with some relictual tropical elements such as Clerodendrum fl oribundum, Flueggea virosa subsp. melanthesoides, Plectranthus intraterraneus, Dolichandrone heterophylla and Pteris vittata. The gorges, which are incised through the banded ironstones, are inherently sheer, steep-sided and harbour signifi cant scree and boulder strewn slopes that also provide important fi re-avoiding habitats for many relictual fl oristic elements including fi gs (Ficus brachypoda, F. virens), kurrajongs (Brachychiton acuminata, B. gregorii), native cypress (Callitris columellaris) and the wonga wonga vine (Pandorea pandorana).
The rolling hills and stony plains of the Plateau support an open woodland of snappy gum over low shrubs (Acacia bivenosa, A. ancistrocarpa, A. maitlandii, Keraudrenia spp.) and hard spinifex (Triodia wiseana, T. basedowii, T. lanigera), with drainage features supporting slightly denser vegetation mostly comprising wattle shrubs with some Pilbara bloodwood. Shrub mallee (Eucalyptus gamophylla, E. trivalva, E. socialis subsp. eucentrica, E. striaticalyx) over tea tree (Melaleuca eleuterostachya) and hard hummock grasses (T. basedowii, T. longiceps, T. angusta) are also a common community on stony plains and rolling hills, particularly on calcareous pediments. Run-on, water-gaining slopes and bajadas above detrital banded ironstone deposits and valley-fi lls support a cover of Acacia woodland and shrubland dominated by mulga (A. aneura s.l., A. ayersiana, A. minyura) over an understorey of open shrubs (Ptilotus obovatus, Rhagodia eremaea, Senna glutinosa) and tussock grasses (Chrysopogon fallax, Eragrostis spp., Eriachne spp.). The composition of the shrub layer in such communities changes with progression south and away from the Hamersley escarpment as there tends to be a reduction in hummock grasses and a concordant increase in Eremophila species and other fire-sensitive shrubs. In some situations, particularly on very gentle slopes with a surface mantle of stones which are common in the central and eastern parts of the subregion, a juxtaposition exists where fi re-sensitive mulga woodlands and shrublands overlay hummock grasslands.
The ironstone and basalt ridges, ranges and hills of the subregion are dominated by snappy gum woodlands over shrubs (Acacia hilliana, A. adoxa, Gompholobium karijini, Mirbelia viminalis), tussock grasses (Amphipogon carinatus, Cymbopogon spp.) and hard spinifex (Triodia wiseana, T. basedowii). Blue-leaved mallee, Pilbara bloodwood, Victoria Spring mallee (Eucalyptus trivalva) and Pilbara mallee (E. pilbarensis) are also common on these
![Page 14: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
16 N.L. McKenzie, S. van Leeuwen, A.M. Pinder
slopes. On mountain summits the vegetation is characteristically shrub mallee (E. kingsmillii, E. ewartiana, E. lucasii) with emergent snappy gum or iron bloodwood (Corymbia ferriticola) over shrubs (Acacia arida, Gastrolobium grandifl orum, Hibbertia glaberrima, Daviesia eremaea) and hard spinifex (T. brizoides), although on basaltic hilltops, compared to those on ironstone, Pilbara and desert kurrajongs, Pilbara box and blue-leaved mallee are dominant.
DRAINAGE AND HYDROLOGY
Rivers in the Pilbara consist of broad sandy to gravelly channels that are dry for most of their length soon after floods. They have numerous permanent pools maintained by subsurface infl ows and/or springs; there are often downstream bedrock structures. Lower-order creeks are ‘fl ash-fl ooding’, retaining water mostly in rock pools or against cliffs in small gorges. Springs are common, but rivers generally have narrow, well-drained fl oodplains for most of their length with few off-channel wetlands. Exceptions are the coastal plains, areas above and below Fortescue Marsh, the fringes of the marsh itself and several plains with internal or sluggish drainage on the Hamersley Range, where numerous claypans and clay fl ats exist.
Five Pilbara wetlands are recognised as being of national signifi cance (ANCA 1996; Environment Australia 2001). All meet several or all of the six criteria for determining important wetlands: (1) examples of wetland types in Australia, (2) having an important ecological or hydrological role in the functioning of a major wetland system/complex, (3) important as a habitat/refuge for animal taxa at a vulnerable stage in their life cycles, (4) supports >1% of the national population of a native plant or animal, (5) supports native species or communities listed as vulnerable or endangered and (6) an outstanding historical or cultural significance. The De Grey River (criteria 1, 2, 3 and 6) is a rep-resentative example of a major river system in the region and includes the longest permanent river pools and largest shallow estuary in north-western Australia. The Fortescue Marshes (1, 2, 3 and 6) are a unique wetland landform, an example of an extensive inland fl oodplain system and have the second largest recorded populations of waterbirds (after Lake Gregory) in Western Australia. The Karijini (Hamersley) Gorges (1 and 6) include magnifi cent examples of gorge pools and streams. The Leslie (Port Hedland) Saltfi eld system (all 6 criteria) is a good example of the coastal fl ats and associated tidal coast in north-western Australia. Millstream Pools (1, 2, 3 and 6) are an outstanding example of a system of permanent river pools and springs in the semi-arid tropics.
Hydrogeology is summarised by Johnson (2004). Briefl y, groundwater occurs throughout the region
as a water table ‘forming a subdued refl ection of surface topography’ below which all pore spaces are saturated. The Western Australian Department of Water’s water information database (WIN) includes information on water levels, depths, yields and salinity for about 6000 bores and wells across the region. They are concentrated near the coast, along main drainage lines, along major roads, around mining operations and near towns. Groundwater is important for both the mining and pastoral industries, although most extraction is for dewatering iron-ore mines and for town water supplies. Generally ‘fresh’, it occurs in a range of hydrogeological environments. Four main types are recognised:
1. Surficial aquifers in coastal and valley-fill alluvium, including alluvial deposits of the coastal plains, coastal dunefi elds, and alluvial and colluvial deposits fringing main trunk drainages such as the Fortescue River and in the Hamersley Ranges. The valley-fi ll deposits often overlay calcrete and limonite.
2. Aquifers in calcrete and pisolitic limonite chemically deposited in Tertiary drainages incised into basement rocks. Both are usually associated with discharge zones such as river pools and springs and/or occur below contemporary drainage channels. Storage is in secondary porosity and karst features. Pisolites can be highly porous.
3. Sedimentary rock aquifers in the western and north-eastern parts of the Pilbara, with the primary porosity providing storage. They can occur in dolomites, banded iron and sandstone formations.
4. Fractured sedimentary and igneous rock aqui-fers where secondary porosity has developed along bedding joints, and in fractured or weathered zones. These zones are present in mafic volcanic rocks and in granite and greenstone strata. Storage is generally small but may be large locally in solution voids.
Differences in the chemical composition of water samples from six Pilbara aquifers indicate that they represent distinct environments for organisms (see Table 2 in Johnson 2004).
LAND TENURE AND DEMOGRAPHICS
The Pilbara’s land area is approximately 60% pastoral lease, 10% conservation reserve, 5% Aboriginal Reserve and 25% unallocated Crown land (Figure 1). It has a resident population of about 40,000 people, mostly living in towns associated with ports along the coast (Dampier, Karratha, Roebourne, Port Hedland and South Hedland). There are six towns inland, all associated
![Page 15: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Pilbara Biodiversity Survey Introduction 17
with mines (Marble Bar, Nullagine, Newman, Paraburdoo, Tom Price and Pannawonica), the largest being Newman in the region’s south-eastern corner, with a resident population of about 5,200. Traditional owners comprise about 10% of the Pilbara population. The Region’s population is expected to reach 44,200 by 2010, 48,000 by 2020, and 50,200 by 2031 (Anon. 2006). The Pilbara bioregion includes the Local Governments of the Town of Port Hedland, Shire of Roebourne and large parts of the Shire of Ashburton and Shire of East Pilbara.
The Pilbara is the leading resources sector region in Western Australia, accounting for 63% of the value of the State’s mineral and energy production in 2007 (Ruddock 2008). The value of mineral and petroleum sales exceeded $33 billion in 2007. In 2004/05 this fi gure was b$20.6 with b$8.6 coming from mining alone (Anon. 2006). Tourism contributed b$0.2 to the Pilbara economy (Anon. 2006).
PROCESSES OF LANDSCAPE CHANGE
Aboriginal peoples used and managed land in the Pilbara for thousands of years. While they
must have infl uenced the biota, their affect has not been measured. The most widespread landscape processes modifying Pilbara biodiversity since European settlement are wildfi re and alteration of fi re regimes. In the 14 years between 1993 and 2006, over 72% (129,000 km2) of the region was burnt (Figure 5), with upwards of 28% being burnt two or more times in this period. Consequently it took considerable time during 2003 and 2005 to fi nd areas where sets of terrestrial sampling sites could be positioned in habitats that had not been burnt during the previous decade. Between 2002 and 2006, the period of our fi eld sampling program, 39% of the region was burnt. The impacts of these processes on biodiversity have not been quantifi ed across the region, but evidence from the few studies undertaken here (Suijdendorp 1981; Start 1986; Casson and Fox 1987; Casson 1994; van Etten 1998, 2000), and elsewhere in the Australian arid zone (Griffi n and Friedel 1984, 1985; Rice and Westoby 1999; Williams 2002; Hodgkinson 2002; Nano and Clarke 2008), suggests that it can be profound. For example, research undertaken by van Leeuwen et al. (1995) indicates that the extent of mulga woodland in the Central Hamersley Range is decreasing as a consequence of too-frequent fi res.
Figure 5 The pattern of fi res over the last decade. From ‘Landgate (2007). Fire Scars: Department of Land Information, Floreat: Western Australia.’ http://www.rss.dola.wa.gov.au/newsite/apps/fi rescarmap.html (accessed 5 September 2007).
![Page 16: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
18 N.L. McKenzie, S. van Leeuwen, A.M. Pinder
These woodlands support assemblages of species that do not persist in the spinifex scrublands that are replacing the mulga.
Other important processes modifying bio-diversity relate to the region’s land-use history. In 1863, the fi rst pastoral leases were established on the Roebourne Plains, near the mouths of the Harding and De Grey Rivers. Within a few years, several other properties were established on these plains and, by 1868, 24,000 km2 of land supported 38,000 sheep, and 300 bales of wool had been produced (Hennig 2004). Pastoral land-use rapidly spread eastwards and, by the end of the century, more than 50% of the region was under pastoral lease. Only the rugged range country was spared. The large properties carried up to 70,000 sheep. A series of droughts at the beginning of the 20th century reduced overall sheep and cattle numbers from 800,000 (in 1890) to 500,000 (offi cial fi gures, Australian Bureau of Statistics and the Pastoral Lease Information System) but, by 1935, numbers had increased to 1,300,000 (>98% sheep).
Livestock grazing had depleted the native grass cover along the main river channels by the 1920s, resulting in increasingly occluded drainage systems with substantial bed loads. During the same period, an introduced perennial grass (buffel, Cenchrus ciliaris) was rapidly colonising alluvial surfaces throughout the region via these river systems. Allelopathic, it has displaced indigenous shrub and grass cover from the variety of Pilbara environments that it now pervades, including some scree slopes, but offers some protection from soil erosion. Sheep numbers have declined since 1930, sharply during long droughts in the 1930s and 1970s. The development of oil-based synthetic fi bres during the 1960s reduced the market for wool, so the pastoral industry increased cattle numbers. Unfortunately, sheep numbers were maintained until the mid-1970s, effectively imposing a net grazing pressure equivalent to the 1930s peak (see fi gure 4 in Hennig 2004). After the mid-1970s, sheep grazing was effectively abandoned so that, by 2002, the region supported about 250,000 cattle but fewer than 20,000 sheep. Cattle have a severe impact on many river pools, especially late in the dry season; they trample and graze riparian zones and defecate in and around the pools with consequent eutrophication (the water essentially becomes a pool of cattle feces).
Degradation caused by increased fi re frequencies, buffel grass and/or overgrazing is overt throughout the region. Rangeland surveys of the Roebourne Plains and Pilbara Ranges identify 357 km2 as severely degraded and eroded land (Payne and Tille 1992; van Vreeswyk et al. 2004). The land systems that exhibit most of this degradation and erosion are ‘run-on alluvial’ or ‘river plains’
low in the landscape with soil surfaces protected by stony mantles and supporting preferentially grazed vegetation, typically tussock grasslands and chenopod shrublands.
Rich copper and lead deposits were found near Roebourne in the early 1870s and, by 1890, gold was being mined from the eastern Pilbara, near Marble Bar and Nullagine, and areas rich in iron ore were being reported. During the 1960s, massive tonnages of iron ore were being mined near Newman and Goldsworthy, and subsequently from other centres including Tom Price, Pannawonica and Paraburdoo. Extensive evaporative salt plants were also developed on the coastal fl ats near Port Hedland and Dampier, and gas-processing facilities have now been built on the Burrup Peninsula.
Introduced feral species are among the threats to biodiversity enumerated for the region in the National Land and Water Resources’ biodiversity audit (McKenzie et al. 2003). A great range of plants and animals has been introduced, including unmanaged livestock and invertebrates such as the feral bee. Particularly signifi cant among the introduced plants are three weeds of ‘National Signifi cance’: mesquite (Prosopis spp.), parkinsonia (Parkinsonia aculeata) and athel pine (Tamarix aphylla), as well as several ‘Environmental Weeds’ including calotropis (Calotropis procera), kapok (Ceiba pentandra), coffee bush (Leucaena leucocephala), ruby dock (Acetosa vesicaria), date palm (Phoenix dactylifera), Chinese apple (Ziziphus mauritiana), buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris), birdwood grass (C. setiger) and numerous other grasses. The effect of buffel was described in an earlier paragraph; most of the other species are similarly invasive, but form dense impenetrable thickets that shade out other plants.
Twelve introduced mammals occur in the Pilbara (McKenzie and Burbidge 2002). Besides cattle (Bos taurus) and sheep (Ovis aries) discussed earlier, house mice (Mus domesticus) are ubiquitous on fi ne-textured soils across the region, black rats (Rattus rattus) are confined to mangrove communities and coastal towns, feral domestic dogs and dingo hybrids (Canis familiaris) are widespread but most common around towns, red fox (Vulpes vulpes) have been found on many pastoral leases, cats (Felis catus) are common throughout the region, European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) favour clayey soils low in the landscape and riparian zones, brumbies (Equus caballus) and feral donkeys (Equus asinus) are found on most pastoral leases, feral pigs (Sus scrofa) occur along the De Grey River from Warrawagine Station to the coast, and camels (Camelus dromedarius) are widespread but most common in eastern parts of the study area. All compete with and/or prey on indigenous species.
Hives of feral bees are common in tree hollows
![Page 17: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Pilbara Biodiversity Survey Introduction 19
along watercourses throughout the Pilbara, presumably displacing a range of hollow-dwelling vertebrates, and competing with indigenous pollination vectors (Paton 1996; Paini 2004).
In summary, European activities, including pastoralism, the introduction of exotic plants, and mining, have modified Pilbara vegetation and landscapes, although their effects have been mitigated by the large areas of rugged upland with low pastoral value. More than 100 years of over-grazing and too-frequent bushfi res have reduced vegetation cover and stripped soils of their organic and mineral-A layers, thereby reducing their water-holding capacities. The heavy bed loads of sand now carried by most of the region’s major river systems are a direct consequence of excessive run-off volumes and velocities in substantial areas of catchments.
THREATENED COMMUNITIES
One threatened ecological community (TEC) and 16 priority ecological communities (PEC) are currently listed for the Pilbara (http://www.dec.wa.gov.au/management-and-protect ion/threatened-species/wa-s-threatened-ecological-communities.html). The TEC comprises grasslands on cracking clay plains of the Hamersley pastoral lease, dominated by the perennial kangaroo grass (Themeda) and many annual herbs and grasses. The PECs comprise the West Angelas cracking clay community, Weeli Wolli Spring community, Burrup Peninsula rock pool communities, Burrup Peninsula rock pile communities, Roebourne Plains coastal grasslands, stony chenopod associations of the Roebourne Plains, subterranean invertebrate communities of pisolitic hills in the Robe Valley, Peedamulla Marsh vegetation complex, Astrebla lappacea grasslands, Robe Valley sandsheet vegetation, Mingah Springs calcrete groundwater invertebrate assemblage, Wona land system plant assemblages, Eucalyptus victrix over Muehlenbeckia florulenta community of clay fl ats, Erawallana Spring type invertebrate assemblages on Coolawanya Station, Nyeetbury Pool type invertebrate assemblages, and stygofauna communities of the Millstream freshwater aquifer.
SURVEY SAMPLING STRATEGY
Scale, complexity and patchiness must be taken into account in sampling the biota of a study area to describe the diversity of its patterns (Braithwaite 1984; Bowers 1997). Various factors can distort the results, including:
• The sampling regime – land-class sampling regimes presume that species all respond to the same environmental factors in the same way, whereas site-based strategies allow the
relationships to be investigated (Austin et al. 1984; McKenzie et al. 1991b, 2000a; Margules and Austin 1994; Oliver et al. 2004).
• Geographical and seasonal sampling bias (Braithwaite 1984; Weins 1985; Rosenzweig and Abramski 1986).
• Historic extinctions and introductions (McKenzie et al. 2006), and storage effects that allow some organisms to persist through periods when conditions prevent recruitment (Warner and Chesson 1985).
• Limitations in scale (Dale 1983; Whitmore 1984; Bowers 1997; MacNally and Quinn 1997; Huston 2002).
• Inefficient sampling methods (Hobbs et al. 1984; Rolfe and McKenzie 2000), including the analytical implications of unreliable ‘absence’ data in the presence-absence matrix (Margules and Austin 1994).
• The assumption that guilds follow taxonomic boundaries (Adams 1985; McKenzie and Rolfe 1986; Bowers 1997). In this context, we defi ne a guild as a community of species that partitions the same resource axis.
• Uneven taxonomic resolution (McKenzie et al. 2000b; Bortolus 2008).
• Strongly localised patterns of endemism (Solem and McKenzie 1991).
• Patterns of land use. For example, almost 60% of the Pilbara study area is pastoral lease, with a strong bias towards productive soils.
Aspects of the survey’s design offset some of these problems, as follows:
• The study area was large enough to encompass signifi cant sections of both the geographical and environmental ranges of the species sampled (Austin and Heyligers 1989).
• Site-based sampling was applied, in which data were collected as biophysical attributes measured at the same place in the same time frame, so that co-occurrences between species and environmental parameters could be exposed through analysis. The climatic variables were based on long-term averages.
• The site-size (ca. 1 ha for most zoological groups, enclosing a 0.25 ha plant quadrat) was large enough to encompass the assemblages of the organisms being sampled (considering their mobility, longevity and bodysize in the context of their density, productivity and standing biomass in the study area). At the same time, the quadrats were small enough to allow the assumption that there was a reasonable level
![Page 18: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
20 N.L. McKenzie, S. van Leeuwen, A.M. Pinder
of internal homogeneity, and that there was syntopy between all biophysical attributes recorded within each quadrat (McKenzie et al. 1991b).
• The environmental attributes measured for each site were biologically relevant to the organisms being sampled and refl ected processes operating at both regional and local scales.
• To better represent ecosystem complexity, we sampled a range of organisms with very different life history strategies and ecological roles to achieve organism-based view of biodiversity patterns. Terrestrial sites were sampled for perennial and annual vascular plants, small ground-dwelling mammals, birds, reptiles, frogs, ground-dwelling spiders, ants, beetles and scorpions. Additional sites were sampled for microbats and others for mammal bones from late Holocene deposits. Sites on water bodies were sampled for aquatic invertebrates, macro- and microphytes and the fringing riparian vegetation. Boreholes were sampled for stygofauna.
• Tested sampling methods were applied by
experienced fi eld survey ecologists, and species were included in the analysis only if they were reliably captured by the sampling methods (see Burbidge et al. 2000b; Rolfe and McKenzie 2000) and confi dently identifi ed, so that the problems of unreliable ‘absence’ data in the presence-absence matrix were minimised.
• Undescr ibed spec ies were st udied by taxonomists familiar with the relevant group in Western Australia (see also Oliver and Beattie 1996).
• Sampling was carried out during an integrated program; all terrestrial and aquatic sites were sampled in two seasons, while subterranean water bores were sampled at least twice during the survey. In each case, sites were positioned across the geographical extent of the region, and selected to represent the diversity of the major physical environments in the Pilbara, as detailed below.
IMPLEMENTATION
The survey was divided into sub-projects that reflected the different sampling methods
Figure 6 The 304 sites sampled for terrestrial biodiversity in the Pilbara. The stratifi cation framework comprised 10 grid cells and 24 survey areas. For instance, the western-most of the three survey areas in the Dampier-Roebourne (DR) cell was coded DRW. There was also a (C)entral and an (E)astern survey area in this cell. Sites in cells shaded grey were sampled in 2004–05, while those in the ‘white’ cells were sampled in 2005–06.
![Page 19: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Pilbara Biodiversity Survey Introduction 21
and team expertise required: terrestrial fauna, terrestrial fl ora, surface aquatic fauna and fl ora, and stygofauna.
Terrestrial biota
The terrestrial sample sites were sited across the region in a stratified array to include the major geological formations, landform types, soils, climate and vegetation types. To achieve geographic coverage, the study area was divided into 10 grid cells based on 1:250,000 map sheet coverage of the Pilbara, for a total of 24 survey areas, arrayed in a roughly checker-board pattern. Two or three survey areas were selected in each cell, according to cell size, so that sampling was evenly dispersed across the study area’s spatial extent (Figure 6). Finally, 11, 12 or 13 sample sites were selected in each survey area to represent its geomorphic profi le (i.e. combination of geology and topographic position). Initial planning was based
on maps of vegetation (Beard 1975), land surface (van Vreeswyk et al. 2004), geology (Hickman 1983; Trendall 1990; Thorne and Trendall 2001) and surface lithology (e.g. Hickman 1978, 1983; Hickman et al. 1983). Actual sites on the ground were selected by N.L. McKenzie and S. van Leeuwen during fi eld traverses by vehicle, with assistance from A.H. Burbidge, L.A. Gibson or P.G. Kendrick in some areas.
As far as possible, sites were pseudo-replicated between survey areas and some sites were pseudo-replicated in the more extensive geomorphic units of each survey area. The pseudo-replication was to allow for the internal heterogeneity of the stratifi cation units (hypothesised scalars) and to minimise any analytical circularity introduced by the stratifi cation (Taylor and Friend 1984; McKenzie et al. 1989, 1991b; Gaston and Blackburn 1999). The sites chosen were the least disturbed examples that could be found, to minimise the effect that
Table 1 Terrestrial site environmental attribute codes.
Code Attribute Code Attribute
Tann Annual mean temperature (oC) EC Electrical conductivity (mS/m)
Tdir Temperature diurnal range (oC) pH pH
isoT Isothermality Sand Sand (%)
Tsea Temperature seasonality Silt Silt (%)
mxTwP Warmest period maximum temperature (oC) Clay Clay (%)
mnTcP Coldest period minimum temperature (oC) orgC Organic carbon (%)
Tar Temperature annual range (oC) totN Total nitrogen (%)
TweQ Wettest quarter mean temperature (oC) totP Total phosphorus (mg/kg)
TdrQ Wettest quarter mean temperature (oC) totK Total potassium (%)
TwmQ Warmest quarter mean temperature (oC) P Available (HCO3) phosphorus (mg/kg)
TcoQ Coldest quarter mean temperature (oC) exCa Exchangeable calcium (me%)
Pann Annual mean precipitation (mm) exMg Exchangeable magnesium (me%)
PweP Wettest period precipitation (mm) exNa Exchangeable sodium (me%)
Psea Precipitation seasonality exK Exchangeable potassium (me%)
PweQ Wettest quarter precipitation (mm) Subs Sandy, clayey or rocky substrate
PwmQ Warmest quarter precipitation (mm) soilD Soil depth (cm)
PcoQ Coldest quarter precipitation (mm) gm7 Geomorphic unit (in 7 categories)
Long Longitude (oE) gm10 Geomorphic unit (in 10 categories)
Lat Latitude (oS) gm13 Geomorphic unit (in 13 categories)
Elev Elevation (m) Fabu Surface fragment abundance
Sun Sun index Fmax Maximum surface rock size
Slp Slope Outcrp Outcrop extent
Asp Aspect Riv Distance to major drainage line (km)
Cst Distance to the coast (km) Gcov Total ground vegetation cover
Rug500Topographic ruggedness; standard deviation in elevation in a 500 m radius
![Page 20: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
22 N.L. McKenzie, S. van Leeuwen, A.M. Pinder
the uneven probability of disturbance among
landform units would have on the survey design,
an unavoidable source of variance. However, all
possible sites on some landform and geological
units were signifi cantly infested by buffel grass.
In total, 304 sites were selected for soils, animals
and plants. An additional 118 sites were added
subsequently to provide additional resolution on
fl oristic patterns.
The 304 terrestrial biodiversity sites were
established and sampled in two phases. This
reduced biases from year-to-year variations in
climate, and loss of sites to wildfires. Sites in
the first five grid cells (the grey rectangles in
the conceptual ‘checker board’, Figure 6) were
established in mid-2003, while those in the other
fi ve cells (the clear rectangles) were established in
mid-2005. Installation of two fenced pit trap lines
(each with five pits), five invertebrate pits and
the 50 m x 50 m fl ora quadrat at each sample site
was undertaken by fi eld teams led by J.K. Rolfe
that included R. Bromilow, P. Cullen, T. Farmer,
D. Kamien, B. Muir, C. Parker and R. Whitelaw
in 2003, and J. Dunlop, T. Farmer, A. Lang, W.
Manson, J. Nolthenius and T. Smith in 2005. General
logistical support to these teams was provided by
S. van Leeuwen in 2003 and by R. Bromilow, M. Hughes, T. Smith and S. van Leeuwen in 2005.
Soil samples from the top 10 cm of the soil profi le taken at ten sampling points across the diagonal of each fl ora quadrat were obtained and bulked for later analysis by the Chemistry Centre of Western Australia. The soil samples were all obtained by R. Bromilow in April 2004 and May 2006. The analyses included electrical conductivity, pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorous, available phosphorus, total potassium and the concentrations of exchangeable cations, namely calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K) and sodium (Na). The textural attributes assessed were the fractions of sand, silt and clay present.
Site latitude, longitude, geological unit and thumbnail descriptions of the 304 terrestrial biodiversity sites are provided in Appendix A. Latitude and longitude coordinates were determined using a hand-held GPS accurate to +/- 10 m and with the datum set to WGS84. Forty-seven climate, soil, geomorphic and vegetation attributes were determined for each terrestrial site (Table 1). The 17 climatic attributes comprised annual and seasonal average and range values for temperature and precipitation (Appendix B), and were derived
Figure 7 Surface water localities sampled. Drainage basins are bounded by heavy black lines and labelled as follows, ASH: Ashburton; DGO: De Grey Oakover; FOR: Fortescue; GSD: Great Sandy Desert; OC: Onslow Coast; PHC: Port Hedland Coast. IBRA subregions are shaded and labelled on the map.
![Page 21: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Pilbara Biodiversity Survey Introduction 23
using the BIOCLIM module of ANUCLIM (Houlder
et al. 2000). The 14 soil chemical and texture values
obtained for each site are listed in Appendix C.
Sixteen geomorphological attributes of the 304
sites are provided in Appendix D. They comprise
soil depth, main substrate type (sand, clay or rock),
geomorphic categorisation (into 7, 10 and 13 classes),
distance to the coast (Cst) and to a river (Riv), extent
of rock outcrop, surface stoniness (coarse fragment
abundance and maximum size), topography (slope,
elevation, sun index and landscape ruggedness)
and vegetation cover (Gcov). The topographical
variables (Slp, Asp, Elev and Rug500) were derived
from a 90-m resolution digital elevation model.
Aspect (Asp) was further transformed to give
north-west and south-east as the extremes. Sun
index was calculated as cos(aspect) × tan(slope)
× 100. Distances to the coast (Cst) and to major
drainage lines (Riv) were generated from digitised
hydrology information available from DEC
Corporate GIS dataset. Vegetation cover (Gcov) is
an index of total ground cover (i.e. shrubs < 2 m,
grasses and sedges) that was estimated visually.
The variables maximum fragment size (Fmax),
fragment abundance (Fabu) and extent of rock
outcrop (Outcrp) were estimated visually and
categorised following McDonald et al. (1984). Because surface geology (from 1:250,000 maps, see Appendix A) was used to position the quadrats in each survey area, it could not also be used as an attribute in modelling species assemblages. Equivalent and additional data for the 118 fl ora-only sites are provided as an appendix to the relevant paper.
Surface aquatic biota
Ninety-eight wetlands were chosen by M.N. Lyons and A.M. Pinder (Figure 7). To assist with an even geographic spread of sites:
• the coastal rivers near Port Hedland were divided into Roebourne Plain and Chichester sections,
• the Ashburton and Fortescue Rivers were divided into upper, middle and lower sections, and
• the De Grey River was divided into the Oakover/Nullagine and Coongan/Shaw subcatchments.
Within each catchment section, an attempt was made to select representatives of all the broad wetland types present (especially claypans, river
Figure 8 Water bores sampled for stygofauna. Drainage basins are bounded by heavy black lines and labelled as fol-lows, ASH: Ashburton; DGO: De Grey Oakover; FOR: Fortescue; GSD: Great Sandy Desert; OC: Onslow Coast; PHC: Port Hedland Coast. IBRA subregions are shaded and labelled on the map.
![Page 22: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
24 N.L. McKenzie, S. van Leeuwen, A.M. Pinder
pools within a variety of stream orders and
springs). Generally one ‘site’ within each wetland
was sampled, with the exception of Fortescue
Marsh where the western and eastern ends were
sampled separately. Wetlands were selected
following consultation with local experts (including
landholders and regional DEC staff), use of
topographic maps, a reconnaissance trip and aerial
surveys along the De Grey/Oakover, Fortescue and
Ashburton Rivers. Eleven ephemeral sites were
sampled only once (in spring, summer or autumn)
but other wetlands were sampled in both spring
and autumn (85 wetlands) or in spring and summer
(3 wetlands). All riparian quadrats were sampled
twice.
The locations of sampling sites were determined
by GPS using the GDA94 datum. Aquatic
invertebrates, aquatic vascular plants, benthic
diatoms, charophytes, fi lamentous algae, planktonic
algae and riparian plants were sampled at each site,
and waterbirds were surveyed within a portion
or all of the wetland. During the fi rst sampling
trip (spring 2003), only 13 of the 29 wetlands were
sampled for diatoms, and planktonic algae were
not sampled at all. These 29 sites were sampled
for all aquatic plant groups (and re-sampled for
water chemistry) in spring 2006. On each sampling
occasion:
• water chemistry variables were measured
and water samples were taken for laboratory
analysis,
• submerged macrophyte biomass and cover were estimated,
• emergent macrophyte cover was estimated,
• sediment particle size distribution was estimated for fractions greater than gravel and measured for fi ne sediments (as silt+clay, sand and gravel), and
• soil samples within riparian vegetation quadrats were taken for laboratory chemical and physical analyses during the fi rst wetland visit.
The following aquatic physico-chemistry variables were measured: maximum flow rate, water temperature, total dissolved solids, pH, turbidity, colour, total filterable nitrogen and phosphorus, iron, silica, alkalinity, hardness and composition of the major ions. Strahler stream order was calculated using 1:250,000 topographic maps, and distance to coast was measured as a straight line using ArcGIS and the Western Australian coastline in the DEC Corporate dataset 2007. Because they are single-paper specifi c, these data will be provided as appendices to the relevant paper.
Stygofauna
Stygofauna were sampled in bores and wells, principally drilled for groundwater extraction or groundwater monitoring. The study area was divided into 12 sub-regions based on the major river catchments and distance from the coast
Table 2 Personnel involved in sampling for terrestrial vertebrates.
Session Personnel
October 2004
Reptiles and Mammals: C. Baker-Sadlerd, P. Doughtyb, B.J. Durranta, L.A. Gibsona, N.A. Guthriea, P.G. Kendricka, N.L. McKenziea, K.D. Morrisa, D.J. Pearsona, M. Pepperd, D. Raboskyd, J.K. Rolfea, T.A. Smithd and N. Thomasa.
Birds: A.H. Burbidgea, N. Hamiltona, R.E. Johnstoneb, L.A. Smithb and P. Stoneb.
May 2005
Reptiles and Mammals: P. Doughty, K. Edwardsd, K. Georged, L.A. Gibson, K. Himbeck, M. Hughes, B. Johnson, P.G. Kendrick, N.L. McKenzie, P. Oliverd, M. Pepper and J.K. Rolfe.
Birds: A.H. Burbidge, R. Davis, N. Hamilton, D.J. Pearson, W. Rutherfordc and L.A. Smith
October 2005
Reptiles and Mammals: L. Beasleyd, P. Cullend, P. Doughty, L.A. Gibson, B. Johnson, P.G. Kendrick, K.D. Morris, J.K. Rolfe and N. Thomas.
Birds: A.H. Burbidge, N. Hamilton, R.E. Johnstone, B. Rutherford, C. Stevensonb and P. Stone.
May 2006
Reptiles and Mammals: P. Doughty, S. Fleischerd, K. George, L.A. Gibson, P.G. Kendrick, N.L. McKenzie, J.K. Rolfe and C. Sorokined.
Birds: A.H. Burbidge, R.E. Johnstone, D.J. Pearson, C. Stevenson and P. Stone
October 2006eReptiles and Mammals: J.K. Rolfe and T. Limantachaid.
Birds: A.H. Burbidge
a Department of Environment and Conservationb Western Australian Museumc Ornithological Technical Servicesd Volunteere Selected sites at PHYC, PHYE and NE
![Page 23: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Pilbara Biodiversity Survey Introduction 25
Table 3 Personnel involved in sampling for terrestrial fl ora.
PersonnelAgency Affi liation
Sampling Year
2004 2005 2006
Apr MayAug-Sep Jul Aug Feb
Apr-May May
May -Jun Jun Jun Jun Aug Sep
Survey Team
Stephen van Leeuwen DEC √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Neil Gibson DEC √ √ √ √ √ √
Greg Keighery DEC √ √ √ √ √
Sue Patrick DEC √ √ √
Bob Bromilow DEC √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Margaret Langley DEC √ √ √ √ √
Bill Muir DEC √ √ √
Collaborators
Kate Brown Volunteer √
Margaret Byrne DEC √
David Coates DEC √
Doug Cook DEC √
Rowan Dawson DEC √
Daphne Edinger Volunteer √
Jodie Fraser Rio Tinto √
Regina Flugge Volunteer √ √ √ √
Gilbert Marsh Volunteer √
Julie Morthy DEC √
Yvonne Muller DEC √
Emil Thoma Rio Tinto √
Visiting Botanists
David Albrecht NT √
Bill Barker AD √
Tony Bean BRI √
Bob Chinnock AD √ √
Lyn Craven CANB √
Rob Davis PERTH √ √
Richard Fairman PERTH √
David Halford BRI √
Wayne Harris BRI √ √
Brendan Lepschi CANB √
David Mallinson CANB √
Bruce Maslin PERTH √
Frank Obbens PERTH √
Jo Palmer CANB √
Leigh Sage PERTH √ √
Neville Walsh MEL √
Carol Wilkins UWA √
Karen Wilson NSW √
Peter Wilson NSW √
![Page 24: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
26 N.L. McKenzie, S. van Leeuwen, A.M. Pinder
and, insofar as possible, all were sampled with similar effort. An attempt was made to sample all geologies of the Pilbara, although the reliance on existing bores meant that there was bias towards transmissive aquifers (e.g. alluvium, calcrete). A total of 508 bores was sampled (Figure 8), mostly twice, though with a few only sampled once and a small subset sampled up to seven times to investigate the importance of sampling effort for determining aquifer species richness. In all, 1084 samples were collected.
Each time a bore was sampled, a range of water chemistry variables was recorded, water samples were collected for laboratory analyses and stygofaunal invertebrates were sampled using weighted conical nets. The following aquatic physico-chemistry variables were measured: water temperature, oxygen, redox, total dissolved solids, pH, total soluble nitrogen and phosphorus, iron, strontium, silica, alkalinity, hardness and concentrations of the major ions. Details of bore construction, dimensions and depth were collected in the fi eld and from various databases. In many cases little information was available. These data are provided as an appendix to the stygofauna paper.
Milestones
Terrestrial fauna
The fi rst 151 sampling sites were selected during
July 2003, and trap systems for invertebrates and vertebrates installed between July and late-September 2003. Invertebrate sampling commenced at these sites in November 2003 and was completed by June 2005, while vertebrates were sampled in October 2004 and re-sampled in May 2005 (Table 2). The second set of sites (153) was selected by September 2005, and trap systems installed by late September 2005. They were sampled for invertebrates from September 2005 until June 2006, and for vertebrates during October 2005 with re-sampling in May 2006. The invertebrate sampling was carried out by B.J. Durrant and N.A. Guthrie, with assistance from other team members.
Two or three sites in each of the 24 survey areas (Figure 6) were sampled for microbats (echolocation recordings) during the vertebrate trapping program. During separate fi eld trips in August 2004, February 2006, May 2007 and November 2007, the echolocation calls, fl ight capabilities and foraging niches of all microbat species represented in the Pilbara fauna were documented by N.L. McKenzie with assistance from T.A. Smith, R.D. Bullen, M.H. McKenzie and A.N. Start, respectively.
In August 2004, T.A. Smith, M.C. McDowell and A. Baynes searched rock shelters and overhangs across the Pilbara for mammal bones. These were cleaned, sorted and identified, along with all previously collected material from the region held by the Western Australian Museum, including material from a sinkhole in the Ripon Hills
Table 4 Personnel involved in sampling for aquatic fl ora and fauna.
Session Personnel Sampling
August–September 2003A.M. Pindera, J.M. McRaea, M.N. Lyonsa, S.D. Lyonsa
29 wetlands (only 13 for diatoms, no planktonic algae sampling)
May–June 2004A.M. Pinder, H. Barrona, M.N. Lyons, D.A. Micklea 26 wetlands
August–September 2004A.M. Pinder, L. Grantb, N. Gibsona, D.A. Mickle
29 wetlands
April–May 2005A.M. Pinder, J.M. McRae, M.N. Lyons, D.A. Mickle
38 wetlands
August–September 2005A.M. Pinder, J.M. McRae, M.N. Lyons, D.A. Mickle
28 wetlands
January–February 2006A.M. Pinder, J.M. McRae, M.N. Lyons, S.D. Lyons
8 wetlands
April–May 2006A.M. Pinder, J.M. McRae, D.A. Mickle, N.Y. Huanga and J.A. Dunlopa 26 wetlands
August–September 2006S.A. Halsea, J. Powlingc, M.N. Lyons, M.T. Casanovad and D.A. Mickle
4 wetlands for all taxonomic groups (29 for all aquatic plant groups)
a Department of Environment and Conservationb James Cook Universityc The University of Melbourned Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne
![Page 25: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Pilbara Biodiversity Survey Introduction 27
collected by P.G. Kendrick and G.J. Angus.
By June 2008, all terrestrial fauna records were identified, the data compiled and analysis and written interpretation commenced for separate papers reporting the spider, scorpion, beetle, ant, reptile and frog, small ground-dwelling mammal, microbat, original mammal fauna and bird data-sets.
Terrestrial fl ora
Flora sampling at the 304 terrestrial sites and an additional 118 fl ora-only sites commenced in April 2004 (fi rst 151 terrestrial and 60 fl ora-only sites) and, for the second 153 terrestrial and 58 fl ora-only sites, in April 2006, with at least two visits to each site in different seasons, depending on rainfall patterns (Table 3). Two cyclones in early 2004, following an unusually dry year in 2003, delayed the program, but 2005 brought good dry-season then wet-season rains that allowed the fl ora sampling to be completed at all sites by September 2006. Specimen curation, identifi cation and data-entry of the 80,000 voucher specimens commenced in November 2004 and are expected to be completed by December 2009, when analysis and interpretation can begin.
In addition to the core survey team of seven personnel from the Department of Environment and Conservation, a further 31 people were involved in the fi eld program (Table 3). Most of these were botanists, ecologists and volunteers affi liated with the Western Australian Herbarium or herbaria in eastern and northern Australia. The three-year fi eld program involved 180 days of fi eldwork, a total of 1,260 person days of collecting and close to 128,000 km of vehicle travel.
Surface aquatic biota
Following a site selection trip in June/July 2003,
sampling of the fi rst 29 wetlands commenced in August and September 2003 (Table 4). Between 26 and 38 wetlands were sampled on each subsequent trip – at the beginning and end of the 2004 and 2005 wet seasons, and at the end of the 2006 wet season. Eight ephemeral wetlands were sampled towards the end of the 2006 wet season, following cyclone Clare, and four wetlands were sampled towards the end of the 2006 dry season. All invertebrate specimens were identifi ed by April 2007 and aquatic fl ora specimens by February 2008, with analysis and writing of separate papers on aquatic invertebrates and aquatic fl ora commencing thereafter.
Stygofauna
In the fi rst year of fi eldwork (2002), bores on mine leases were the focus of sampling. As the survey progressed, emphasis shifted to Western Australian Departments of Water and Main Roads bores and then pastoral-lease bores. Fieldwork was conducted during most dry season months between October 2002 and August 2006 by M. Scanlon, J. Cocking and H. Barron, with assistance from S.A. Halse, J.M. McRae, S. Eberhard and A. MacIntosh. Sampling methods were refined during a preliminary fi eldtrip by S.A. Halse, M. Scanlon, J. Cocking, J. Bradbury and R. Shiel (Adelaide University) and R. Leijs (South Australian Museum). A review of sampling methods was undertaken with P. De Deckker (Australian National University).
Wet season months were spent sorting stygofauna samples and either undertaking identifications or processing specimens for identification by relevant morphological and molecular taxonomists. A considerable amount of taxonomic work was commissioned or facilitated, including work on ostracods (Ivana Karanovic, Western Australian
Table 5 Year-to-year comparison of bi-monthly rainfall (mm), averaged across the Pilbara. Table values are from Bu-reau of Meteorology weather stations as represented in Figure 2: Port Hedland (004032), Roebourne (004035), Marble Bar (004020), Wittenoom (005026) and Newman (007151). The period of the stygofauna survey is outlined; the period of the terrestrial zoology survey is shaded grey; the period of the botanical sampling is underlined; and the period of the surface aquatic survey is shown in bold.
Year
Bi-monthly rainfall (mm)
Annual (mm)Dec & Jan Feb & Mar Apr & May Jun & July Aug & Sep Oct & Nov
2001 164 13 12 19 1 0 418
2002 40 12 30 0 1 21 207
2003 112 48 15 4 0 3 319
2004 90 92 5 3 1 4 390
2005 10 5 18 44 0 33 222
2006 200 160 1 0 12 8 614
Long-term average 78 42 24 10 2 18 348
![Page 26: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
28 N.L. McKenzie, S. van Leeuwen, A.M. Pinder
Museum), copepods (Tom Karanovic, Western Australian Museum; Danny Tang, University of Western Australia), isopods (Buz Wilson and Stephen Keable, Australian Museum; Niel Bruce, Museum of Tropical Queensland) and water mites (Mark Harvey, Western Australian Museum). Identifi cations were completed by January 2007, except for some continuing taxonomic refi nements, and data analysis began in June 2008.
Integration of information
Papers i nteg rat i ng t he su r vey resu lt s (including manuscripts on species/community distributions, environmental patterns and reserve recommendations) will be prepared as soon as all datasets become available. As papers are completed, all records will be stored in accessible archives, and all specimens lodged in relevant State natural history collections along with relevant databases.
Conditions at the time of sampling
Rainfall averages across the Pilbara were unusually dry during 2002 and 2005, although there was above-average dry season rainfall in 2005 that resulted in minor fl ood events across most of the Pilbara (Table 5). Tropical cyclones Monty and Fay in early 2004 caused widespread inundation and severe fl oods in all major Pilbara river systems. Tropical cyclones Clare and Glenda in early 2006 also caused widespread inundation, and resulted in severe fl oods in the Ashburton, Robe, Fortescue and Port Hedland coastal rivers but only minor fl ooding in the De Grey/Oakover system. No cyclones affected the Pilbara in the 2004/5 wet season.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The project was funded by the Western Australian Department of Environment and Conservation, with contributions from the Western Australian Museum, the Commonwealth Government through its National Heritage Trust (NHT2), Straits Resources (Whim Creek Operation) and Rio Tinto Iron Ore (Dampier Salt Operation). In-kind support was provided by Rio Tinto Iron Ore, BHP Billiton Iron Ore and Kitchener Mining’s Bamboo Creek operation.
We gratefully acknowledge each of the numerous Pilbara pastoralists and Aboriginal communities for permission to access their leases and/or land. In particular, Robyn and Tony Richardson of Mt Florance Station provided free access to their camping ground for the survey site installation and sampling teams, and Rio Tinto Iron Ore provided access to subsidised housing for the fi rst installation team while operating out of Karratha.
Department of Conservation and Environment staff in Karratha, Karijini and Millstream provided
subsidised accommodation for the site selection, instal lat ion and sampling teams, and the Department of Water provided access to Table Hill, Harding Dam and sites along the West Pilbara water supply pipeline. Rio Tinto Iron Ore and BHP Billiton Iron Ore gave permission for survey teams to enter their exploration leases and use their rail access roads.
Allan Burbidge and Lesley Gibson provided helpful comments on the draft.
REFERENCES
Adams, J. (1985). The defi nition and interpretation of
guild structure in animal communities. Journal of Animal Ecology 54: 43–59.
ANCA (1996). A directory of important wetlands in Australia.
2nd edition. Australian Nature Conservation Agency:
Canberra, Australia.
Anon. (1991). Ecological survey of Abydos-Woodstock Reserve, Western Australia. Western Australian
Museum, Perth.
Anon. (2006). Pilbara economic perspective: an update on the economy of Western Australia’s Pilbara region. Department of Local Government and Regional
Development: Perth, Australia.
Austin, M.P., Cunningham,R.B. and Fleming, P.M. (1984).
New approaches to direct gradient analysis using
environmental scalars and statistical curve-fitting
procedures. Vegetatio 55: 11–27.
Austin, M.P. and Heyligers, P.C. (1989). Vegetation
survey design for conservation: gradsec sampling of
forests in north-eastern New South Wales. Biological Conservation 50: 13–32.
Beard, J.S. (1975). Vegetation survey of Western Australia. 1:1 000 000 Vegetation Series sheet 5 - Pilbara. Map and explanatory notes. University of Western Australia
Press: Nedlands, Australia.
Beard, J.S. (1990). Plant life of Western Australia. Kangaroo
Press: Kenthurst, Australia.
Bettenay, E., Churchwood, H.M. and McArthur, W.M.
(1967). Atlas of Australian soils sheet 6, Meekatharra to Hamersley Range area. CSIRO and Melbourne
University Press: Melbourne, Australia.
Biota Environmental Sciences (2002). Proposed Hope Downs rail corridor from Weeli Wolli Siding to Port Hedland – vertebrate fauna survey. Hope Downs Management
Services: Perth, Australia.
Biota Environmental Sciences (2007). Mesa A troglobitic fauna studies update. Unpublished report prepared
for Pilbara Iron: Perth, Australia. (online: http://
www.pilbarairon.com/documents/Mesa%20A%20
Troglofauna%20Studies%20Update%20July%2007.
pdf)
Bortolus, A. (2008). Error cascades in the biological
sciences: the unwanted consequences of using bad
taxonomy in ecology. Ambio 37: 114–118.
Bowers, M.A. (1997). Mammalian landscape ecology.
Journal of Mammalogy 78: 997–998.
Braithwaite, R.W. (1984). Problems of scale, complexity
and patchiness in sampling vertebrate fauna (pp 131–
![Page 27: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Pilbara Biodiversity Survey Introduction 29
156). In: Myers, K., Margules, C.R. and Musto, I. (eds), Survey methods for nature conservation vol. 1. CSIRO
Division of Water and Land Resources: Canberra,
Australia.
Burbidge, A.A. and McKenzie, N.L. (eds) (1983). Wildlife of the Great Sandy Desert. Western Australian Wildlife
Research. Bulletin No. 12: 1–127. Department of
Fisheries and Wildlife: Perth, Australia.
Burbidge, A.H., Harvey, M.S. and McKenzie, N.L. (eds)
(2000a). Biodiversity of the southern Carnarvon Basin,
Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement 61: 1–595.
Burbidge, A.H., Johnstone, R.E., Fuller, P.J. and Stone, P.
(2000b). Terrestrial birds of the southern Carnarvon
Basin, Western Australia: contemporary patterns of
occurrence. Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement 61: 449–464.
Burbidge, N.T. (1959). Notes on plants and plant habitats observed in the Abydos-Woodstock area, Pilbara district, Western Australia. CSIRO Division of Plant Industry
Technical Paper No. 12. CSIRO: Melbourne, Australia.
CALM (1999). Karijini National Park. Management Plan
No. 40. Department of Conservation and Land
Management: Perth, Australia.
Casson, N. (1994). The biology and ecology of T. basedowii
and T. wiseana associations in relation to aridity and fi re.
PhD thesis. Curtin University of Technology: Perth,
Australia.
Casson, N.E. and Fox, J.E.D. (1987). The post-fire
regeneration responses of Triodia wiseana and T. basedowii. Australian Rangelands Journal 9: 53–55.
Colls, K. and Whitaker, R. (1995). The Australian weather book. National Books: Frenchs Forest, Australia.
CSIRO and Bureau of Meteorology (2007). Climate change in Australia. Technical Report 2007. Offi ce of Climate
Change: Canberra, Australia.
Dale, P.E.R. (1983). Scale problem in classifi cation: an
application of a stochastic method to evaluate the
relative homogeneity of sample units. Australian Journal of Ecology 8: 189–198.
Dunlop, M. and Brown, P.R. (2008). Implications of climate change for Australia’s National Reserve System – a preliminary assessment, CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems,
Report to the Department of Climate Change, and the
Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and
the Arts: Canberra, Australia.
Dunlop, J.N. and Porter, B. (1985). The conservation of mulga communities in south-eastern Pilbara. Mulga Research
Centre Special Report. Prepared for the Department of
Conservation and Environment: Perth, Australia.
Eberhard, S.M., Halse, S.A. and Humphreys, W.F. (2005).
Stygofauna in the Pilbara region, north-west Western
Australia: a review. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 88: 167–176.
Eberhard, S.M. and Humphreys, W.F. (1999). Management
of stygofauna in Western Australia. Proceedings of the 13th Australasian conference on cave and karst management, Mount Gambier, South Australia, April 1999.
Australasian Cave and Karst Management Association
Inc.: Adelaide, Australia.
ecologia Environmental Consultants (1997). Hope Downs biological survey. Unpublished report prepared for
Hope Downs Management Services: Perth, Australia.
Environment Australia (2001). A directory of important wetlands in Australia. 3rd edition. Environment
Australia: Canberra, Australia.
Environment Australia (2008). Revision of the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA) and development of version 6.1. National Reserves System.
Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and
the Arts: Canberra, Australia. (online: http://
www.environment.gov.au/parks/nrs/science/
bioregionframework/ibra/index.html)
Environmental Protection Authority (1992). Marandoo mine and central Pilbara railway: report and recommendations of the Environmental Protection Authority. Bulletin 643. Department of Environmental
Protection: Perth, Australia.
Environmental Protection Authority (1999). West Angelas Iron Ore Project, East Pilbara, Ashburton, Roebourne: report and recommendations of the Environmental Protection Authority. Bulletin 924, Department of
Environmental Protection: Perth, Australia.
Ferrier, S. and Watson, G. (1997). An evaluation of the effectiveness of environmental surrogates and modelling techniques in predicting the distribution of biological diversity. NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service:
Sydney, Australia. (online: http://www.environment.
gov.au/biodiversity/publications/technical/
surrogates/pubs/surrogates.pdf)
Fleishman, E., Betrus, C.J., Blair, R.B., MacNally, R.
and Murphy, D.D. (2002). Nestedness analysis and
conservation planning: the importance of place,
environment, and life history across taxonomic
groups. Oecologia 133: 78–89.
Fox, J.E.D. and Dunlop, J.N. (1983). Mulga study, National Highway Project, Packsaddle to Munjina. Mulga
Research Centre Report No. 1. Prepared for Main
Roads Department: Perth, Australia.
Gaston, K.J. and Blackburn, T.M. (1999). A critique for
macroecology. Oikos 84: 353–368.
Griffi n, G.F. and Friedel, M.H. (1984). Effects of fi re on
central Australian rangelands. II Changes in tree and
shrub populations. Australian Journal of Ecology 9:
395–403.
Griffi n, G.F. and Friedel, M.H. (1985). Discontinuous
change in central Australia: some implications of
major ecological events for land management. Journal of Arid Environments 9: 63–80.
Harvey, M.S., Berry, O., Edward, K.L. and Humphreys,
G. (2008). Molecular and morphological systematics
of hypogean schizomids (Schizomida: Hubbardiidae)
in semiarid Australia. Invertebrate Systematics 22:
167–194.
Hennig, P. (2004). A brief land-use history (pp 13–18).
In: van Vreeswyk, A.M.E., Payne, A.L., Leighton,
K.A. and Hennig, P. (eds), An inventory and condition survey of the Pilbara region, Western Australia. Technical
Bulletin No. 92. Western Australian Department of
Agriculture: Perth, Australia.
Hickman, A.H. (1978). Nullagine, Western Australia, Sheet SF 51-5 International Index. 1:250 000 Geological Series Explanatory Notes. Australian Government Publishing
Service: Canberra, Australia.
![Page 28: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
30 N.L. McKenzie, S. van Leeuwen, A.M. Pinder
Hickman, A.H. (1983). Geology of the Pilbara Block and its environs. Bulletin 127, Western Australian Geological
Survey: Perth, Australia.
Hickman, A.H., Chin, R.J. and Gibson, D.L. (1983).
Yarrie, Western Australia, Sheet SF 51-1 International Index. 1:250 000 Geological Series Explanatory Notes.
Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra,
Australia.
Higgs, P. (2005). Cataloguing biological surveys within
Western Australia: the Pilbara experience. Journal of Royal Society of Western Australia 88: 51–56.
Hobbs, R.J. and McIntyre, S. (2005). Categorizing
Australian landscapes as an aid to assessing the
generality of landscape management guidelines.
Global Ecology and Biogeography 14: 1–15.
Hobbs, T.J., Morton, S.R., Masters, P. and Jones, K.R.
(1984). Infl uence of pit-trap design on sampling of
reptiles in arid spinifex grasslands. Wildlife Research
21: 483–490.
Hodgkinson, K.F. (2002). Fire regimes in Acacia wooded
landscapes: effects of functional processes and
biological diversity (pp 259–280). In: Bradstock,
R.A., Williams, J.E. and Gill, A.M. (eds), Flammable Australia: the fi re regimes and biodiversity of a continent. Cambridge University Press: Melbourne, Australia.
Houlder, D.J., Hutchinson, M.F., Nix, H.A. and McMahon,
J.P. (2000). ANUCLIM user guide, version 5.1. Centre
for Resource and Environmental Studies, Australian
National University: Canberra, Australia.
How, R.A. and Cowan, M.A. (2006). Collections in space
and time: A biogeographical examination of native
frogs, mammals and reptiles in Western Australia.
Pacifi c Conservation Biology 12: 111–133.
Huston, M.A. (2002). Introductory essay: critical issues
for improving predictions (pp 7–21). In: Scott, J.M.,
Heglund, P.J., Morrison, M.L., Haufl er, J.B., Raphael,
M.G., Wall, W.A. and Samson, F.B. (eds), Predicting species occurrences: issues of accuracy and scale. Island
Press: Washington, U.S.A.
Integrated Environmental Services (1980). An ecological appreciation of the West Angelas area, Western Australia.
Report prepared for Cliffs International Inc.
Jennings, J.N. and Mabbutt, J.A. (1977). Physiographic
outlines and regions. In: Jeans, D.N. (ed.), Australia – a geography. Sydney University Press: Sydney, Australia.
Johnson, S.L. (2004). Geology and hydrogeology (pp 39–
51). In: van Vreeswyk, A.M.E., Payne, A.L., Leighton,
K.A. and Hennig, P. (eds), An inventory and condition survey of the Pilbara region, Western Australia. Technical
Bulletin No. 92. Western Australian Department of
Agriculture: Perth, Australia.
Keighery, G.J., Gibson, N., van Leeuwen, S., Lyons, M.N.
and Patrick, S. (2007). Biological survey and setting
priorities for fl ora conservation in Western Australia.
Australian Journal of Botany 55: 308–315.
Keighery, G.J., Halse, S.A., Harvey, M.S. and McKenzie,
N.L. (2004). A biodiversity survey of the Western
Australian agricultural zone. Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement 67: 1–384.
Leighton, K.A. (2004). Climate (pp 19–38). In: van
Vreeswyk, A.M.E., Payne, A.L., Leighton, K.A. and
Hennig, P. (eds), An inventory and condition survey
of the Pilbara region, Western Australia. Technical
Bulletin No. 92. Western Australian Department of
Agriculture: Perth, Australia.
MacNally, R. and Quinn, G.P. (1997). Symposium
introduction: the importance of scale in ecology.
Australian Journal of Ecology 23: 1–7.
Margules, C.R. and Austin, M.P. (1994). Biological
models for monitoring species decline. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 344: 69–75.
Maslin, B.R. and van Leeuwen, S. (2008). New taxa of
Acacia (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) and notes on
other species from the Pilbara and adjacent desert
regions of Western Australia. Nuytsia 18: 139–188.
McDonald, R.C., Isabelle, R.L., Speight, J.G., Walker,
J. and Hopkins, M.S. (1984). Australian soil and land survey fi eld handbook. 2nd edition. Inkata Press:
Melbourne, Australia.
McKenzie, N.L., Belbin. L., Margules, C.R. and Keighery,
G.J. (1989). Selecting representative reserve systems
in remote areas: a case study in the Nullarbor region,
Australia. Biological Conservation 50: 239–261.
McKenzie, N.L. and Burbidge, A.A. (2002). Mammals
(pp 84–96). In: Sattler, P. and Creighton, C. (eds),
Australian terrestrial biodiversity assessment 2002. National Land and Water Resources Audit: Canberra,
Australia.
McKenzie, N.L., Burbidge, A.A., Baynes, A., Brereton, R.,
Dickman, C.R., Gibson, L.A., Gordon, G., Menkhorst,
R.W., Robinson, A.C., Williams, M.R. and Woinarski,
J.C.Z. (2006). Analysis of factors implicated in the
recent decline of Australia’s mammalian fauna.
Journal of Biogeography 34 (4): 597–611.
McKenzie, N.L., Gibson, N., Keighery G.J. and Rolfe,
J.K. (2004). Patterns in the biodiversity of terrestrial
environments in Western Australian wheatbelt.
Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement 67: 293–336.
McKenzie, N.L., Halse, S.A. and Gibson, N. (2000a). A
nature reserve system for the southern Carnarvon
Basin, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement 61: 547–567.
McKenzie, N.L., Johnston, R.B. and Kendrick, P.G. (eds)
(1991a). Kimberley rainforests of Australia. Surrey Beatty
& Sons: Chipping Norton, Australia.
McKenzie, N.L., May, J.E. and McKenna, S. (2003).
Bioregional summary of the 2002 biodiversity audit for Western Australia. Department of Conservation and
Land Management: Perth, Australia.
McKenzie, N.L., Robinson, A.C. and Belbin, D.L. (1991b).
Biogeographic survey of the Nullarbor district,
Australia (pp 109–126). In: Margules, C.R. and Austin,
M.P (eds), Nature conservation: cost effective biological surveys and data analysis. CSIRO Division of Wildlife
and Ecology: Canberra, Australia.
McKenzie, N.L. and Rolfe, J.R. (1986). Structure of bat
guilds in the Kimberley mangroves, Australia. Journal of Animal Ecology 55: 401–420.
McKenzie, N.L., Rolfe, J.K., Aplin, K.P., Cowan, M.A. and
Smith, L.A. (2000b). Herpetofauna of the southern
Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement 61: 335–360.
Miles, J.M. and Burbidge, A.A. (eds) (1975). A biological
![Page 29: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Pilbara Biodiversity Survey Introduction 31
survey of the Prince Regent River Reserve, north-west Kimberley, Western Australia. Western Australian
Wildlife Research. Bulletin No. 3. Department of
Fisheries and Wildlife: Perth, Australia.
Morgan, G. (2001). Landscape health in Australia: a rapid assessment of the relative condition of Australia’s bioregions and subregions. National Land and Water Resources
Audit, Environment Australia: Canberra, Australia.
Morton, S.R., Short, J. and Barker, R.D. (1995). Refugia for biological diversity in arid and semi-arid Australia: A
report to the Biodiversity Unit of The Department of
Environment, Sport and Territories, Biodiversity Series,
Paper No. 4: Canberra, Australia.
Muir, B.G. (ed.) (1983). A fauna survey of the Hamersley Range National Park Western Australia 1980. National Parks
Authority of Western Australia: Perth, Australia.
Nano, C.E.M. and Clarke, P.J. (2008). Variegated desert
vegetation: covariation of edaphic and fi re variables
provides a framework for understanding mulga–
spinifex coexistence. Austral Ecology 33: 848–862.
Oliver, I. and Beattie, A.J. (1996). Designing a cost-effective
invertebrate survey: a test of methods for rapid
assessment of biodiversity. Ecological Applications 6:
594–607.
Oliver, I., Holmes, A., Dangerfi eld, J.M., Gillings, M., Pik,
A.J., Britton, D.R., Holley, M., Montgomery, M.E.,
Raison, M., Logan, V., Pressey, R.L. and Beattie, A.J.
(2004). Land systems as surrogates for biodiversity
in conservation planning. Ecological Applications 14:
485–503.
Paini, D.R. (2004). Impact of the feral honeybee (Apis mellifera) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) on native bees: a
review. Austral Ecology 29: 399–407.
Paton, D.C. (1996). Overview of the feral and managed honeybees of Australia: distribution, extent of interactions with native biota, evidence of impacts and future research.
Australian Nature Conservation Society: Canberra,
Australia.
Payne, A.L. (2004). Land systems (pp 19–38). In: van
Vreeswyk, A.M.E., Payne, A.L., Leighton, K.A. and
Hennig, P. (eds), An inventory and condition survey of the Pilbara region, Western Australia. Technical Bulletin
No. 92. Western Australian Department of Agriculture:
Perth, Australia.
Payne, A.L., Mitchell, A.A. and Holman, W.F. (1988).
An inventory and condition survey of rangelands in the Ashburton River catchment, Western Australia. Revised
edition. Technical Bulletin No. 62. Western Australian
Department of Agriculture: Perth, Australia.
Payne, A.L. and Tille, P.J. (1992). An inventory and condition survey of the Roebourne plains and surrounds, Western Australia. Technical Bulletin No. 83. Western Australian
Department of Agriculture: Perth, Australia.
Playford, P. (2001). Subterranean biotas in Western Australia:
Report for the Environmental Protection Authority, 10
September 2001. Environmental Protection Authority:
Perth, Australia.
Rice, B. and Westoby, M. (1999). Regeneration after fi re in
Triodia R. Br. Australian Journal of Ecology. 24: 563–572.
Rolfe, J.K. and McKenzie, N.L. (2000). Comparison of
methods used to capture herpetofauna: An example
from the Carnarvon Basin. Records of the Western
Australian Museum, Supplement 61: 361–370.
Rosenzweig, M.L. and Abramski, Z. (1986). Detecting
density-dependent habitat selection. The American Naturalist 126: 405–417.
Ruddock, A. (2008). Resource sector engagement: the Pilbara region. The Chamber of Minerals and Energy of
Western Australia: Perth, Australia. (online: http://
www.bitre.gov.au/publications/49/Files/Amy_
Ruddock.ppt#285,1 accessed 17 October 2008)
Solem, A. and McKenzie, N.L. (1991). The composition
of land snail communities in Kimberley rainforest
communities (pp 247–263). In: McKenzie, N.L.,
Johnston, R.B. and Kendrick, P.G. (eds), Kimberley rainforests of Australia. Surrey Beatty and Sons Pty Ltd:
Chipping Norton, Australia.
Start, A.N. (1986). Status and management of mulga in
the Pilbara region of Western Australia (pp 136–138).
In: Sattler, P. (ed.), The mulga lands. Royal Society of
Queensland: Brisbane, Australia.
Suijdendorp, H. (1981). Responses of the hummock
grasslands of north-western Australia to fire (pp
117–126). In: Gill, A.M., Groves, R.H. and Noble, I.R.
(eds), Fire and the Australian biota. Australian Academy
of Science: Canberra, Australia.
Taylor, J.A. and Friend, G.R. (1984). Sampling strategies for
fauna surveys (pp 179–192). In: Myers, K., Margules,
C.R. and Musto, I. (eds), Survey methods for nature conservation, Vol. 1. CSIRO Division of Water and Land
Resources: Canberra, Australia.
Thackway, R., and Cresswell, I.D. (eds) (1995). Toward an
Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia: a
framework for setting priorities in the national reserves
system cooperative program. Australian Nature
Conservation Agency: Canberra, Australia.
Thorne, A.M. and Trendall, A.F. (2001). Geology of the Fortescue Group, Pilbara Craton, Western Australia.
Bulletin No. 144. Geological Survey of Western
Australia: Perth, Australia.
Thorne, A.M. and Tyler, I.M. (1997). Roy Hill, Western Australia, Sheet SF 50-12 International Index. 1:250 000 Geological Series Explanatory Notes. Australian
Government Publishing Service: Canberra, Australia.
Tille, P. (2006). Soil-landscapes of Western Australia’s rangelands and arid interior. Resource Management
Technical Report No. 313. Department of Agriculture
and Food: Perth, Australia.
Tongway, D.J., Valentin, C. and Seghieri, J. (2001). Banded vegetation patterning in arid and semi-arid environments: ecological processes and consequences for management. Ecological Studies no. 149. Springer Verlag: New York,
U.S.A.
Trendall, A.F. (1990). Pilbara Craton (pp 128–158). In:
Geology and mineral resources of Western Australia.
Memoir 3, Geological Survey of Western Australia:
Perth, Australia.
Trudgen, M.E. and Casson, N. (1998). Flora and vegetation surveys of Orebody A and Orebody B in the West Angelas Hill Area, an area surrounding them, and of rail options considered to link them to the existing Robe River Iron Associates rail line. Report prepared for Robe River Iron
Associates: Perth, Australia.
Tyler, I.M., Hunter, W.M. and Williams, I.R. (1990).
![Page 30: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
32 N.L. McKenzie, S. van Leeuwen, A.M. Pinder
Newman, Western Australia, sheet SF50-16. 1:250 000 Geological Series Explanatory Notes (2nd edition). Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra, Australia.
van Etten, E.J.B. (1998). Environmental factors effecting the boundary between mulga (Acacia aneura) and hummock grassland (Triodia spp.) communities. Master of Applied Science (Natural Resources) thesis. Curtin University of Technology: Bentley, Australia.
van Etten, E.J.B. (2000). Vegetation of the Hamersley Range, Western Australia – characteristics and comparisons. Doctor of Philosophy thesis. School of Environmental Biology, Curtin University of Technology: Perth, Australia.
van Leeuwen, S.J., Start, A.N., Bromilow, R.B. and Fuller, P.J. (1995). Fire and fl oristics of mulga woodlands in the Hamersley Range, Western Australia (pp 169–175). In: Page, M.J. and Beutel, T.S. (eds), Ecological research and management in the mulga lands. Gatton College, University of Queensland: Lawes, Australia.
van Vreeswyk, A.M.E. (2004). Resource condition (pp 385–400). In: van Vreeswyk, A.M.E., Payne, A.L., Leighton, K.A. and Hennig, P. (eds), An inventory and condition survey of the Pilbara region, Western Australia. Technical Bulletin No. 92. Western Australian Department of Agriculture: Perth, Australia.
van Vreeswyk, A.M.E., Payne, A.L., Leighton, K.A. and Hennig, P. (eds) (2004). An inventory and condition survey of the Pilbara region, Western Australia. Technical Bulletin No. 92. Western Australian Department of Agriculture: Perth, Australia.
Warner, R.R. and Chesson, P.L. (1985). Co-existence
mediated by recruitment fl uctuations: a fi eld guide to the storage effect. The American Naturalist 125: 769–787.
WEL (2007). Pluto LNG development—public environment report / public environment review. supplement and response to submissions. Woodside Energy Limited, March 2007.
Western Australian Government (2002). Focus on the future: the Western Australian State sustainability strategy, consultation draft. Department of Premier and Cabinet: Perth, Australia.
Whitmore, T.C. (1984). Tropical rainforests of the Far East. Clarendon Press: Oxford, U.K.
Wiens, J.A. (1985). Vertebrate responses to environmental patchiness in arid and semi-arid ecosystems (pp 169–193). In: Pickett, S.T.A. and White, P.S. (eds), The ecology of natural disturbance and patch dynamics. Academic Press: New York, U.S.A.
Williams, J.E. (2002). Fire regimes and their impacts in the mulga (Acacia aneura) landscapes of central Australia. Environment Australia: Canberra, Australia. (online: http://www.environment.gov.au/soe/2001/publications/technical/fi re/pubs/part3.pdf)
Woinarski, J., Fensham, R., Whitehead, P. and Fisher, A. (2000). Digest of biodiversity changes and threatening processes across each rangeland bioregion. Appendix A to background paper 1: A review of changes in status and threatening processes. In: Developing an analytical framework for monitoring biodiversity in Australia’s rangelands. Tropical Savannas Cooperative Research Centre: Darwin, Australia. (online: http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/rangelands/pubs/change/bp01-part2.pdf)
![Page 31: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Pilbara Biodiversity Survey Introduction 33
AP
PE
ND
IX A
Bri
ef d
escr
ipti
on
of
the
304 t
erre
stri
al
bio
div
ersi
ty s
ites
sa
mp
led
fo
r p
lan
ts a
nd
an
ima
ls d
uri
ng
th
e P
ilb
ara
bio
log
ica
l su
rvey
. E
ach
en
try
co
nsi
sts
of
site
lab
el t
hat
co
mp
rise
s th
e su
rvey
are
a c
od
e (F
ig.
1) c
on
cate
nat
ed w
ith
th
e si
te n
um
ber
, th
en t
he
site
’s l
atit
ud
e, l
on
git
ud
e, 1
:250,
00
0 m
ap s
hee
t su
rfac
e g
eolo
gy
co
de
ass
esse
d
by
tw
o o
f th
e au
tho
rs o
n t
he
site
(N
McK
& S
vL
), f
oll
ow
ed b
y a
des
crip
tio
n o
f th
e si
te’s
su
rfac
e a
nd
/or
veg
etat
ion
. T
he
fi n
al
colu
mn
s a
re t
he
stra
tig
rap
hic
an
d
reg
oli
th u
nit
s, d
eter
min
ed b
y i
nte
rsec
tin
g t
he
site
co
ord
inat
es w
ith
th
e D
epa
rtm
ent
of
Min
era
ls a
nd
En
erg
y (
Geo
log
ica
l S
urv
ey)
geo
gra
ph
ica
l in
form
atio
n
syst
em,
incl
ud
ing
a p
ho
to i
nte
rpre
tati
on
of
the
site
(R
. L
an
gfo
rd,
per
son
al
com
mu
nic
atio
n).
L
atit
ud
es &
lo
ng
itu
des
wer
e d
eter
min
ed b
y G
PS
usi
ng
th
e A
ust
rali
an
Geo
det
ic D
atu
m 1
984;
pre
cisi
on
wa
s a
bo
ut
10 m
. B
edro
ck a
nd
reg
oli
th c
od
es a
re e
xp
lain
ed b
elo
w t
he
tab
ula
tio
n.
Sit
eL
at
SL
on
g E
Ha
bit
at
De
scri
pti
on
(b
y s
ite s
ele
ctio
n t
ea
m)
Be
dro
ckR
eg
oli
thP
ho
to I
nte
rpre
tati
on
BD
RN
012
2.4
44
312
1.2
320
Qs.
Red
sa
nd
du
ne
of
Lit
tle
Sa
nd
y D
eser
t. D
eep
red
sa
nd
.P
_-M
N-s
Qs
Sa
nd
du
ne
BD
RN
02
22
.441
712
1.12
90
Qw
. D
epre
ssio
ns
in u
nd
ula
tin
g u
pla
nd
. S
ton
y c
lay
to
les
s th
an
30
cm
ov
er
du
ricr
ust
. M
ixed
peb
ble
s a
nd
gra
vel
in
pro
fi le
an
d a
s su
rfac
e st
rew
. M
ulg
a.A
P_-_
pj-
ccx
Qw
Ro
ck;
pro
xim
al
coll
uv
ium
BD
RN
03
22
.411
812
1.07
20 T
b.
Un
du
lati
ng
up
lan
d.
Dis
con
tin
uo
us
sha
llo
w s
ton
y c
lay
ov
er m
ass
ive
sheet
cap
rock
. S
urf
ace
cov
ered
in
co
ars
e T
erti
ary
gra
vel
.A
P_-_
pj-
ccx
Tb
Sil
iceo
us
lag
BD
RN
04
22
.63
08
120.
996
0Q
e. Q
uat
ern
ary
ell
uv
ial
pla
in.
Bro
wn
sa
nd
y c
lay
to
20 c
m w
ith
sto
nes
in
p
rofi
le &
su
rfac
e st
rew
. O
ver
?ro
ck h
ard
pa
n.
Lo
w o
pen
wo
od
lan
d o
f m
ulg
a.P
_-M
N-s
Qe
Ro
ck;
pro
xim
al
coll
uv
ium
BD
RN
05
22
.60
38
120.
784
0C
zc.
Ro
llin
g c
ou
ntr
y. T
erti
ary
co
llu
viu
m (
Tc)
. D
eep
cla
y (
red
-bro
wn
) w
ith
su
rfac
e co
ver
of
iro
nst
on
e g
rav
el &
ro
cks.
Aca
cia
shru
bla
nd
.A
P_-_
pj-
ccx
Tc
Fer
rug
ino
us
gra
vel
; co
llu
viu
m o
r la
g
BD
RN
06
22
.578
112
0.8
00
0d
d’.
Ste
ep D
avis
Do
leri
te h
ills
ide.
Sto
ny
cla
y w
ith
su
rfac
e co
ver
of
bro
ken
ro
ck t
o 2
0 c
m o
ver
ma
ssiv
e ro
ck.
P_-o
dR
ock
; p
rox
ima
l co
llu
viu
m
BD
RN
072
2.5
44
212
0.8
00
0M
Nb
. U
nd
ula
tin
g v
all
ey s
ide-s
lop
e (g
entl
e) &
fl o
or.
Deep
sa
nd
y c
lay
wit
h
va
rnis
hed
gra
vel
& p
ebb
le s
urf
ace
cov
er.
Ba
lfo
ur
Ma
ng
an
ese
Fo
rmat
ion
.P
_-M
N-s
Fer
rug
ino
us
gra
vel
; co
llu
viu
m o
r la
g
BD
RN
08
22
.53
44
120.
783
0 C
zk
. U
nd
ula
tin
g c
alc
rete
pla
in.
Pa
le c
alc
are
ou
s fi
ne
loa
my
cla
y w
ith
su
rfac
e o
f ca
lcre
te &
iro
nst
on
e g
rav
el &
peb
ble
s. E
ucal
yptu
s so
cial
is m
all
ee.
AP
_-_
pj-
ccx
Cz
kM
ixed
ca
lcre
te a
nd
fe
rru
gin
ou
s g
rav
el
BD
RN
09
22
.60
9812
0.729
0F
n.
Ste
ep N
ym
erin
a b
asa
lt h
ills
ide.
Bo
uld
er s
cree
bel
ow
bre
ak
away
. B
row
n
clay
to
dep
th w
ith
ro
cks
& f
rag
men
ts i
n p
rofi
le &
as
surf
ace
cov
er b
etw
een
b
ou
lder
s. M
ulg
a.A
-FO
m-b
-HA
EF
erru
gin
ou
s d
uri
cru
st;
wea
ther
ed r
ock
BD
RN
102
2.5
186
120.
678
0T
l. T
erti
ary
lat
erit
e ri
se (
?=C
zl
Tb
Cz
p).
Fin
e lo
am
y l
igh
t b
row
n s
an
d w
ith
la
teri
te f
rag
men
ts &
gra
vel
to
20 c
m o
ver
pav
emen
t. S
urf
ace
stre
w o
f ro
cks,
p
ebb
les
& g
rav
el.
A-F
Om
-b-H
AE
Fer
rug
iniz
ed r
ock
; p
rox
ima
l co
llu
viu
m
BD
RN
112
2.5
169
120.
659
0F
t. L
ow
sto
ny
mu
dst
on
e &
ba
salt
ris
e in
va
lley
of
un
du
lati
ng
up
lan
d.
Sh
all
ow
bro
wn
cla
y p
ack
ed w
ith
bro
ken
ro
cks
to 1
5 c
m o
ver
ma
ssiv
e b
asa
lt
rock
ou
tcro
p.
So
il s
urf
ace
mo
stly
co
ver
ed b
y s
ton
es &
ro
cks.
A-F
Ot-
xb
-k-H
AE
Ro
ck;
pro
xim
al
coll
uv
ium
BD
RN
122
2.7
177
120.
64
60
Ag
b.
Gra
nit
oid
hil
lsid
e. M
ass
ive
ou
tcro
p.
Sh
all
ow
po
cket
s &
cre
vic
es o
f sa
nd
y g
ran
ite
gri
t w
ith
qu
art
zit
e fr
agm
ents
& d
ecay
ing
gra
nit
e ro
cks.
A-g
-PC
NR
ock
ris
e ad
jace
nt
san
d
sheet
![Page 32: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
34 N.L. McKenzie, S. van Leeuwen, A.M. Pinder
Sit
eL
at
SL
on
g E
Ha
bit
at
De
scri
pti
on
(b
y s
ite s
ele
ctio
n t
ea
m)
Be
dro
ckR
eg
oli
thP
ho
to I
nte
rpre
tati
on
BD
RN
132
2.7
011
120.
7370
Fk
. U
nd
ula
tin
g u
pla
nd
va
lley
fl o
or
un
it o
f K
yle
na b
asa
lt.
Hea
vy
red
-bro
wn
cl
ay (
wit
h s
ton
es &
gra
vel
in
pro
fi le
& a
s su
rfac
e co
ver
) a
s 20
cm
th
ick
v
eneer
ov
er m
ass
ive
rock
.A
-FO
k-b
-HA
ER
ock
; p
rox
ima
l co
llu
viu
m
BD
RS
012
3.39
1312
0.52
30
Qc.
Gen
tly
slo
pin
g p
lain
of
coll
uv
ial
clay
wit
h r
ock
fra
gm
ents
& b
uck
sho
t in
p
rofi
le t
o d
epth
(L
ittl
e S
an
dy
Des
ert
veg
etat
ion
).P
_-H
Aj-
xci
-od
Qc
Co
llu
viu
m;
coll
uv
ial
fan
BD
RS
02
23.
38
40
120.
479
0Q
a. P
lain
of
hea
vy
all
uv
ial
clay
. S
catt
ered
Euc
alyp
tus
vict
rix
& C
orym
bia.
P_-H
Aj-
xci
-od
Qa
All
uv
ium
on
fl o
od
pla
in
BD
RS
03
23.
359
512
0.4
60
0M
Ns(
c).
Ro
cky
scr
ee
& o
utc
rop
slo
pe
& h
ill
top
. Q
ua
rtz s
an
dst
on
e in
terb
edd
ed w
ith
co
ng
lom
erat
e. S
ha
llo
w s
kel
eta
l so
il i
n p
ock
ets
&
crev
ices—
fi n
e b
row
n c
lay
ey s
an
d.
P_-M
N-s
Sil
iceo
us
bed
rock
slo
pes
BD
RS
04
23.
372
512
0.4
590
Ql.
All
uv
ial
san
dy
cla
y p
lain
in
cise
d b
y v
ery
na
rro
w c
reek
bed
wit
h r
iver
sa
nd
bed
. E
ucal
yptu
s vi
ctri
x.P
_-H
Ao
-cib
Qa
Sa
nd
y d
rain
age
cha
nn
el i
n
all
uv
ial
fl o
od
pla
in
BD
RS
05
23.
36
53
120.
34
50
Qs.
Qu
ater
na
ry a
eoli
an
sa
nd
pla
in.
Fir
m r
ed c
lay
ey s
an
d t
o d
epth
(L
ittl
e S
an
dy
Des
ert
veg
etat
ion
).P
_-H
Aj-
xci
-od
Qs
Aeo
lia
n s
an
d p
lain
BD
RS
06
23.
362
712
0.29
50
Qw
. P
lain
bel
ow
ba
nd
ed i
ron
hil
ls w
ith
su
rfac
e st
rew
of
ba
nd
ed i
ron
p
ebb
les
in p
lace
s. F
irm
sa
nd
y c
lay
to
dep
th.
P_-H
Ab
-cib
Cz
cR
ock
; p
rox
ima
l co
llu
viu
m
BD
RS
072
3.38
0712
0.2
510
Hb
. S
teep
ba
nd
ed i
ron
hil
lsid
e &
to
p.
Sh
eet
ou
tcro
p,
scre
e, r
ock
str
ew &
sh
all
ow
sk
elet
al
clay
in
po
cket
s, c
rev
ices
etc
.P
_-H
Ab
-cib
Fer
rug
iniz
ed r
ock
; p
rox
ima
l co
llu
viu
m
BD
RS
08
23.
458
812
0.15
50
Ab
. S
teep
ba
salt
hil
lsid
e. O
utc
rop
& r
ock
-str
ewn
slo
pe.
Dis
con
tin
uo
us,
sh
all
ow
cla
y s
oil
s p
ack
ed w
ith
ro
ck f
rag
men
ts &
sto
nes
.A
-og
-PS
YR
ock
; p
rox
ima
l co
llu
viu
m
BD
RS
09
23.
46
5912
0.17
60
Au
a. S
chis
t h
ills
ide.
Ou
tcro
p &
ro
ck-s
trew
n s
lop
e u
nd
er r
ock
wa
ll,
wit
h
dis
con
tin
uo
us
sha
llo
w c
lay
so
ils
pac
ked
wth
ro
ck f
rag
men
ts.
A-u
-PS
YF
erru
gin
ized
ro
ck;
pro
xim
al
coll
uv
ium
BD
RS1
02
3.47
03
120.
215
0C
zc.
Cen
oz
oic
co
llu
via
l p
lain
wit
h s
urf
ace
stre
w o
f q
ua
rtz
ite
peb
ble
s &
o
ther
ro
ck f
rag
men
ts o
n fi
rm
red
sa
nd
y c
lay.
Gro
ves
of
mu
lga.
A-u
-PS
YC
zc
Co
llu
viu
m
BD
RS1
12
3.49
8212
0.29
00
Cz
c. P
lain
of
fi n
e sa
nd
y c
lay
wit
h q
ua
rtz &
ca
lcre
te f
rag
men
ts i
n p
rofi
le &
o
n s
urf
ace
as
peb
ble
s &
dec
ayin
g r
ock
s.A
-g-P
SY
Pro
xim
al
coll
uv
ium
BD
RS1
22
3.5352
120.
325
0A
g.
Un
du
lati
ng
gra
nit
e p
lain
wit
h s
catt
ered
ou
tcro
ps
& s
ha
llo
w s
heet
s &
p
ock
ets
of
fria
ble
bro
wn
gri
tty
cla
y m
an
tlin
g d
ecay
ing
gra
nit
e o
utc
rop
.A
-g-P
SY
Dis
tal
coll
uv
ium
or
all
uv
ial
gra
vel
BD
RS1
32
3.41
28
120.
3170
Qw
. L
igh
t b
row
n fi
ne-t
extu
red
cla
y t
o d
epth
. M
ulg
a w
oo
dla
nd
.A
-g-P
SY
Qw
Dis
tal
coll
uv
ium
or
all
uv
ial
gra
vel
DR
C01
20.7
68
011
6.8
420
Arw
b?.
Lo
w s
ton
y h
ills
; sm
all
tre
es s
catt
ered
/Tr
iodi
a.A
-RO
r-x
b-u
Ro
ck;
pro
xim
al
coll
uv
ium
DR
C02
20.7
716
116.
85
00
Ql.
Hea
vin
g c
lay
pla
in w
ith
Ro
ebo
urn
e P
lain
s g
rass
lan
d.
A-C
Ek
r-g
gQ
wb
Dis
tal
coll
uv
ial
or
sheet
-fl
oo
d f
an
DR
C0
320
.794
511
6.8
570
Qw
. S
na
kew
oo
d/
Trio
dia;
ou
twa
sh p
lain
; sa
nd
y c
lay
wit
h q
ua
rtz
ite
surf
ace
stre
w.
A-C
Ek
r-g
gQ
wb
Dis
tal
coll
uv
ial
or
sheet
-fl
oo
d f
an
DR
C0
420
.852
111
6.94
50
Ql.
Euc
alyp
tus
vict
rix
ov
er t
uss
ock
gra
ss &
Aca
cia
shru
bs
on
fl o
od
pla
in/
riv
er
ba
nk
all
uv
ium
.A
-RO
n-x
ca-f
Qa
aA
llu
via
l ch
an
nel
an
d
ov
erb
an
k d
epo
sits
on
fl
oo
dp
lain
![Page 33: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Pilbara Biodiversity Survey Introduction 35
DR
C0
520
.939
911
7.0
35
0A
b.
Trio
dia
wit
h s
catt
ered
eu
caly
pts
& A
caci
a sh
rub
s; s
ton
y u
nd
ula
tin
g h
illy
co
un
try
; B
rad
ley
ba
salt
.A
-WH
b-b
Ro
ck;
pro
xim
al
coll
uv
ium
DR
C0
621
.036
411
7.10
60
Afd
c. T
rue
Pil
ba
ra h
illt
op
; C
oo
ya
Po
oy
a d
ole
rite
; to
p o
f m
ass
ive
mes
a. B
are
b
lack
bo
uld
er s
cree.
Sto
ny
cre
vic
e so
il w
ith
Tri
odia
& s
catt
ered
sh
rub
s.A
-FO
h-x
s-f-
HA
WR
ock
; p
rox
ima
l co
llu
viu
m
DR
C07
20.9
34
611
7.11
50
Qc.
Aca
cia
& G
revi
llea/
Trio
dia;
sto
ny
va
lley
fl o
or.
A-F
Or-
b-H
AW
Qc
Co
llu
viu
m i
n l
ow
er s
lop
es
an
d f
an
s
DR
C0
820
.852
611
7.0
960
Aao
. G
ran
ito
id h
ills
wit
h b
are
bo
uld
ers
on
slo
pes
wit
h s
hru
bs
& T
riod
ia.
A-O
Pa
n-x
o-a
Bed
rock
ou
tcro
p
DR
C0
920
.80
80
117.
073
0Q
w.
Sh
eet
wa
sh d
epo
sits
on
lo
wer
slo
pes
to
hil
ls.
A-R
Or-
xb
-uQ
cS
heet
-fl o
od
fa
n o
r co
llu
via
l fo
ots
lop
es
DR
C10
20.7
36
411
7.0
99
0A
Ci.
Ro
cky
hil
ls s
lop
e &
to
p w
ith
Tri
odia
& s
catt
ered
Aca
cia
in g
ull
ies.
A-G
Ce-c
aR
ock
; p
rox
ima
l co
llu
viu
m
DR
C11
20.6
88
411
7.0
070
AF
r. R
ock
hil
ls w
ith
scr
ee
& T
riod
ia.
A-_
re-b
Ro
ck;
pro
xim
al
coll
uv
ium
DR
C12
20.6
676
116.
997
0Q
hm
. U
n-s
am
ple
d f
or
fau
na.
In
ter-
tid
al
mu
d s
heet
beh
ind
ma
ng
rov
e.A
-GC
e-c
aQ
hm
uS
up
rati
da
l fl
ats
DR
E01
20.4
80
611
7.9
940
Qh
m.
Sa
mp
hir
e.A
-MR
-gm
Qh
mS
up
rati
da
l m
ud
fl a
ts
DR
E02
20.4
756
117.
995
0Q
pm
b.
Bea
ch s
an
d d
un
e.A
-MR
-gm
Qp
mb
Co
ast
al
san
d d
un
es
DR
E03
20.4
302
118.
06
40
Qh
m.
Lim
esto
ne
coa
sta
l ri
dg
es.
A-M
R-g
mQ
pm
bC
alc
are
nit
e ru
bb
le
DR
E0
420
.428
611
8.0
620
0. T
uss
ock
gra
ss fl
at;
deep
no
n-s
ali
ne
clay
.A
-MR
-gm
Qh
mS
up
rati
da
l m
ud
fl a
ts
DR
E0
520
.48
04
118.
04
00
Qx
. S
pin
ifex
fl a
t; o
ran
ge
loa
my
sa
nd
.A
-MR
-gm
Qh
ms
Su
pra
tid
al
mu
d fl
ats
DR
E0
620
.52
56
118.
0770
Qa.
Flo
od
pla
in;
Co
oli
ba
h,
Aca
cia,
Bu
ffel
Gra
ss.
A-M
R-g
mQ
aoA
llu
via
l si
lt a
nd
cla
y i
n
fl o
od
pla
in
DR
E07
20.6
074
118.
1570
Acf
. C
orym
bia/
Aca
cia/
Trio
dia.
A-S
Tp
t-g
fQ
aoA
llu
via
l si
lt a
nd
cla
y i
n
fl o
od
pla
in
DR
E0
820
.84
85
117.
855
0A
dm
. S
teep
slo
pe
of
ran
ge;
Tri
odia
wit
h s
catt
ered
sh
rub
s o
n s
cree
& o
utc
rop
.A
-WC
r-f
Bed
rock
ou
tcro
p
DR
E0
920
.869
911
7.8
590
Afr
. sc
atte
red
sh
rub
s o
ver
Tri
odia
on
gen
tle
slo
pe.
A-C
Dm
-sQ
cC
oll
uv
ium
in
lo
wer
slo
pes
a
nd
fa
ns
DR
E10
20.9
198
117.
861
0A
s. s
catt
ered
sh
rub
s o
ver
Tri
odia
; fl
at.
A-C
Dm
-sT
hin
sa
nd
an
d c
oll
uv
ium
DR
E11
20.9
499
117.
85
00
Qx
. E
ucal
yptu
s/O
wen
ia/A
caci
a/Tr
iodi
a; fl
at
red
sa
nd
y l
oa
m w
ith
?ca
lcre
te i
n
pro
fi le
.A
-CD
m-s
Qw
bS
heet
-fl o
od
fa
n
DR
E12
20.9
101
117.
983
0C
zk
. E
ucal
yptu
s lo
w o
pen
wo
od
lan
d o
ver
Tri
odia
.A
-CD
m-s
Qao
All
uv
ial
silt
an
d c
lay
in
fl
oo
dp
lain
DR
E13
20.9
696
118.
04
80
Ag
. P
lain
wit
h s
catt
ered
ou
tcro
ps;
red
lo
am
y c
lay
pla
in;
spa
rse
low
tre
es &
sp
ars
e sh
rub
s o
ver
Tri
odia
.A
-ST
pe-g
iT
hin
sa
nd
an
d c
oll
uv
ium
DR
W01
20.8
429
116.
367
0Q
sc.
Co
ast
al
san
d d
un
es;
Aca
cia
cori
acea
; b
uff
el &
sp
inif
ex.
A-M
Rer
-gm
Qh
ms
Sa
nd
du
ne
or
fore
du
ne
DR
W02
20.8
44
611
6.3
670
Qh
m.
Co
ast
al
lim
esto
ne
rid
ge;
sp
inif
ex &
bu
ffel
.A
-MR
er-g
mQ
hm
sB
road
sw
ale
beh
ind
fo
red
un
e
DR
W0
320
.851
411
6.37
70Q
hm
. C
oa
sta
l sa
mp
hir
e &
bu
ffel
; Tr
iodi
a sa
nd
pla
in.
A-M
Rer
-gm
Qh
ms
Lo
w c
oa
sta
l d
un
e
![Page 34: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
36 N.L. McKenzie, S. van Leeuwen, A.M. Pinder
Sit
eL
at
SL
on
g E
Ha
bit
at
De
scri
pti
on
(b
y s
ite s
ele
ctio
n t
ea
m)
Be
dro
ckR
eg
oli
thP
ho
to I
nte
rpre
tati
on
DR
W0
420
.876
111
6.6
470
Ql.
Riv
er f
ron
tag
e; r
iver
ine.
A-M
Rw
h-g
gp
Qa
aA
llu
viu
m i
n r
iver
ch
an
nel
s a
nd
ov
erb
an
k d
epo
sits
DR
W0
520
.8539
116.
669
0A
rnc.
Scr
ee
slo
pe
of
na
rro
w a
bru
pt
ran
ge.
A-R
On
-xca
-fR
ock
an
d p
rox
ima
l co
llu
viu
m
DR
W0
621
.061
911
6.26
50
Qlx
. S
na
kew
oo
d o
n p
lain
.A
-MR
er-g
mQ
pF
loo
dp
lain
or
dis
tal
coll
uv
ial
fan
s; c
ha
nn
elle
d
DR
W07
21.0
557
116.
252
0Q
x.
Qx
sa
nd
y c
lay
ma
ntl
ing
; A
g e
xp
ress
ed a
s p
lain
wit
h s
catt
ered
fl a
t o
utc
rop
s; A
caci
a &
eu
caly
pts
(sc
atte
red
) o
ver
Tri
odia
.A
-MR
er-g
mC
oll
uv
ium
wit
h c
alc
rete
DR
W0
821
.06
33
116.
23
40
Qw
. E
llu
via
l &
ou
twa
sh p
lain
ma
ntl
ing
Ag
wit
h q
ua
rtz
ite
stre
w o
n s
urf
ace
as
ou
twa
sh p
lain
; sa
nd
y c
lay
; A
caci
a sh
rub
s o
ver
Tri
odia
.A
-MR
er-g
mQ
bC
oll
uv
ial
foo
tslo
pes
DR
W0
921
.069
911
6.20
70Q
w.
Ky
len
a v
olc
an
ic o
utw
ash
slo
pe;
sa
nd
y c
lay
; ta
ll A
caci
a sh
rub
th
ick
et
ov
er T
riod
ia.
A-F
Om
-b-H
AW
Co
llu
via
l fo
ots
lop
es
DR
W10
21.0
699
116.
204
0P
fm.
Ky
len
a v
olc
an
ic s
pu
r; r
ock
y r
idg
e o
f sp
ur
wit
h T
riod
ia &
sca
tter
ed
shru
bs.
A-F
Om
-b-H
AW
Pro
xim
al
coll
uv
ium
DR
W11
21.0
655
116.
150
0P
hb
. S
cree,
bo
uld
er &
ou
tcro
p s
lop
e w
ith
sh
all
ow
po
cket
s o
f so
il.
P_
-HA
b-c
ibR
ock
an
d p
rox
ima
l co
llu
viu
m
DR
W12
21.0
539
116.
134
0Q
x.
Gen
tle
Qx
slo
pe;
cla
y &
cra
b h
ole
s; S
na
kew
oo
d &
sa
ltb
ush
& t
uss
ock
g
rass
.P
_-H
Ab
-cib
Co
llu
viu
m i
n l
ow
er s
lop
es
an
d f
an
s
DR
W13
21.0
197
116.
1110
Qh
m.
Co
ast
al
sam
ph
ire
fl at
beh
ind
ma
ng
al.
P_-H
Ab
-cib
Ql
All
uv
ial
cha
nn
el a
nd
o
ver
ba
nk
dep
osi
ts o
n
fl o
od
pla
in
MB
E01
21.2
882
119.
6770
Qc.
Un
du
lati
ng
pla
in o
f Q
uat
ern
ary
co
llu
viu
m w
ith
ca
lcre
te r
ises
. P
ale
b
row
n s
an
dy
cla
y w
ith
ca
lcre
te &
ba
salt
peb
ble
s a
s w
ell
as
va
rnis
hed
gra
vel
in
pro
fi le
& a
s su
rfac
e st
rew
.A
-FO
h-x
s-f-
HA
MD
ista
l co
llu
viu
m i
n o
utw
ash
fa
ns
MB
E02
21.3
116
119.
601
0P
k.
Ky
len
a B
asa
lt u
nd
ula
tin
g u
pla
nd
& r
oll
ing
hil
ls.
Ou
tcro
p &
ro
cks
wit
h
thin
ven
eer
of
bro
wn
sa
nd
y c
lay
& s
urf
ace
stre
w o
f st
on
es,
rock
s, p
ebb
les
&
qu
art
z.
A-F
Oh
-xs-
f-H
AM
Co
llu
via
l fo
ots
lop
es
MB
E0
321
.42
55
119.
552
0 A
g.
Gra
nit
oid
pla
in.
Co
ars
e g
ritt
y p
lain
ov
er m
ass
ive
gra
nit
e at
50
cm
d
epth
.A
-g-P
SS
heet
-fl o
od
fa
n o
r d
ista
l co
llu
viu
m i
n o
utw
ash
fa
ns
MB
E0
421
.437
611
9.5
40
0Q
l. R
iver
ine
lev
ee
ba
nk
& b
ed o
f co
ars
e ri
ver
sa
nd
. R
iver
gu
ms
&
pap
erb
ark
s.A
-g-P
SQ
aA
llu
via
l ch
an
nel
MB
E0
521
.449
011
9.539
0P
d.
Ma
ssiv
e b
are
bla
ck d
olo
rite
scr
ee
& b
ou
lder
s a
s to
p &
sid
es o
f a
bru
pt
ran
ge.
Fin
e b
row
n s
an
dy
sil
t in
cre
vic
es b
etw
een
bo
uld
ers.
A-g
-PS
Pro
xim
al
coll
uv
ial
foo
tslo
pes
MB
E0
621
.50
6211
9.41
80
Ag
. M
ass
ive
gra
nit
oid
hil
l w
ith
scr
ee
& s
heet
ou
tcro
p.
Bro
wn
sil
ty g
rit
in
crev
ices.
A-S
R-g
Gra
nit
e b
edro
ck
MB
E07
21.3
759
119.
3720
Qa.
All
uv
ial
pla
in o
f li
gh
t b
row
n g
ritt
y c
lay.
Hea
vil
y g
raz
ed.
A-g
-PS
Cz
cgS
an
d a
nd
sil
t in
ou
twa
sh f
an
![Page 35: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Pilbara Biodiversity Survey Introduction 37
MB
E0
821
.339
311
9.3
66
0Q
b.
Hea
vin
g c
lay
pla
in w
ith
ro
cks
in p
rofi
le;
gil
ga
i.A
-WA
-xb
-fQ
wD
ista
l co
llu
viu
m i
n o
utw
ash
fa
ns
MB
E0
921
.279
011
9.41
30
Ph
r. M
ass
ive
ba
salt
scr
ee
slo
pe
of
ran
ge
wit
h s
kel
eta
l so
il i
n c
rev
ices
.A
-FO
r-b
-HA
MF
erru
gin
ised
bed
rock
rid
ge
MB
E11
21.2
36
511
9.4
08
0A
b.
Gen
tle
ba
salt
hil
l sl
op
e &
to
p.
Ma
ssiv
e o
utc
rop
pin
g b
asa
lt;
bro
wn
sa
nd
y
loa
m w
ith
ro
cks
in p
rofi
le.
A-W
A-x
b-f
Co
llu
via
l fo
ots
lop
es b
elo
w
bed
rock
ou
tcro
p
MB
E12
21.2
184
119.
401
0A
b.
Sm
all
va
lley
in
ma
ssiv
e b
asa
lt r
an
ges
wit
h s
cree,
bro
wn
sa
nd
y c
lay
wit
h
sto
nes
in
pro
fi le
& s
urf
ace
stre
w.
A-W
A-x
b-f
Co
llu
via
l fo
ots
lop
es
MB
E13
21.1
56
311
9.4
06
0C
zk
. C
eno
zo
ic c
alc
rete
ris
es.
Pa
le s
an
dy
cla
y w
ith
ca
lcre
te f
rav
el a
s su
rfac
e st
rew
& i
n p
rofi
le.
A-W
A-x
b-f
Cz
rkC
alc
rete
mo
un
d
MB
W01
21.0
296
118.
9110
Au
. U
ltra
ma
fi c
rid
ge.
Ma
ssiv
e ro
ck o
utc
rop
& s
urf
ace
wit
h s
kel
eta
l so
il i
n
crev
ices.
A-W
A-x
b-f
Bed
rock
an
d p
rox
ima
l co
llu
viu
m
MB
W02
21.0
28
811
8.91
70A
b.
Lo
wer
slo
pe
of
ma
ssiv
e b
asa
lt h
ill
wit
h p
atch
es o
f b
row
n s
an
dy
lo
am
w
ith
ro
cks
in p
rofi
le &
as
surf
ace
cov
er b
ut
ma
inly
ma
ssiv
e b
asa
lt o
utc
rop
.A
-WA
-xb
-fB
edro
ck a
nd
pro
xim
al
coll
uv
ial
foo
tslo
pes
MB
W0
321
.061
311
8.91
10A
b.
Sid
e o
f m
ass
ive
ba
salt
hil
l w
ith
ro
cks,
ou
tcro
p &
are
as
of
san
dy
cla
y
wit
h r
ock
fra
gm
ents
in
pro
fi le
& a
s su
rfac
e st
rew
.A
-WA
-xb
-fC
oll
uv
ial
foo
tslo
pes
MB
W0
421
.067
311
8.89
90
Au
. M
ass
ive
ou
tcro
ps
& r
ock
-sh
eet
s a
s ti
lted
str
ata f
orm
ing
ult
ram
afi
c h
ills
ide.
Sk
elet
al
bro
wn
sa
nd
y c
lay
in
gap
s w
ith
ro
cks
in p
rofi
le &
su
rfac
e st
rew
.A
-WA
-xb
-fB
edro
ck
MB
W0
521
.095
011
8.8
870
Cz
k.
Slo
pes
& l
ow
hil
ls o
f C
eno
zo
ic c
alc
rete
. S
heet
& r
ub
ble
ca
lcre
te.
Pa
le
bro
wn
sa
nd
y r
ub
ble
in
pro
fi le
wit
h s
ton
y s
urf
ace
stre
w.
A-g
-PY
Cz
agC
alc
rete
ru
bb
le a
nd
co
llu
viu
m i
n d
ista
l sl
op
es
MB
W0
621
.115
611
8.8
520
Qg
. Q
uat
ern
ary
gra
vel
ly s
an
dp
lain
. D
eep
fi r
m p
ale
bro
wn
sa
nd
wit
h
surf
ace
of
va
rnis
hed
gra
vel
& s
catt
ered
peb
ble
s.A
-g-P
YC
zag
Dis
tal
coll
uv
ium
in
ou
twa
sh
fan
s
MB
W07
21.0
63
311
8.76
00
Ql.
Riv
erin
e le
vee
of
all
uv
ial
san
d w
ith
riv
er s
ton
es t
hro
ug
h p
rofi
le i
n
cha
nn
els,
riv
er g
um
s et
c.A
-g-P
LQ
aoA
llu
via
l st
rea
m b
ed a
nd
b
an
ks
MB
W0
821
.071
111
8.6
820
Qs.
Qu
ater
na
ry s
an
d s
heet
. F
irm
red
cla
yey
sa
nd
.A
-g-P
LQ
aoA
llu
via
l fl
oo
dp
lain
MB
W0
921
.128
811
8.69
00
Qeg
. Q
uat
ern
ary
ell
uv
ial
gra
vel
. F
irm
gra
vel
ly s
an
d o
ver
ha
rdp
an
at
35
cm
. G
rav
el &
qu
art
zit
e p
ebb
les
on
su
rfac
e.A
-g-P
LQ
cD
ista
l co
llu
viu
m i
n o
utw
ash
fa
ns
MB
W10
21.2
793
118.
698
0A
gb
. G
ran
ite
ou
tcro
p h
ill
wit
h p
rofi
le o
f g
rit
& d
eco
mp
osi
ng
gra
nit
e a
s p
ock
ets
in h
oll
ow
s o
n t
op
of
ou
tcro
p.
A-S
Rn
u-g
mp
Qrg
Gra
nit
ic b
edro
ck a
nd
p
rox
ima
l co
llu
viu
m
MB
W11
21.3
651
118.
7010
Ag
c. G
rit
& d
ecay
ing
gra
nit
e fr
agm
ents
as
pro
fi le
to
30
cm
in
dep
ress
ion
on
b
are
gra
nit
e h
ills
. M
ass
ive
bo
uld
ers
& s
heet
ou
tcro
p o
n o
ne
sid
e.A
-SR
nu
-gm
pG
ran
itic
bed
rock
an
d
pro
xim
al
coll
uv
ium
MB
W12
21.4
007
118.
710
0A
gc.
Gra
nit
oid
pla
in o
f d
eep
gra
nit
e g
rit
con
tain
ing
gra
vel
, q
ua
rtz
ite
peb
ble
s in
pro
fi le
& a
s su
rfac
e st
rew
ov
er s
heet
gra
nit
e at
30
cm
.A
-SR
nu
-gm
pC
oll
uv
ial
gra
vel
or
lag
MB
W13
21.4
589
118.
727
0A
gm
. G
ran
ite
pla
in o
f re
d g
ritt
y s
an
dy
cla
y t
o 3
0 c
m t
hen
so
lid
. S
urf
ace
stre
w o
f q
ua
rtz &
dec
om
po
sin
g g
ran
ite.
A-g
-PY
Co
llu
via
l g
rav
el o
r la
g
NE
0121
.2389
120.
531
0A
Fk
. K
yle
na b
asa
lt u
nd
ula
tin
g h
ill
cou
ntr
y;
ka
rst
clay
& r
ock
pro
fi le
.A
-FO
k-b
-HA
EP
rox
ima
l co
llu
via
l fo
ots
lop
es
![Page 36: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
38 N.L. McKenzie, S. van Leeuwen, A.M. Pinder
Sit
eL
at
SL
on
g E
Ha
bit
at
De
scri
pti
on
(b
y s
ite s
ele
ctio
n t
ea
m)
Be
dro
ckR
eg
oli
thP
ho
to I
nte
rpre
tati
on
NE
02
21.2
462
120.
539
0P
ftc.
Ba
nd
ed c
arb
on
ate
scre
e sl
op
e; m
ass
ive
rock
s &
scr
ee
wit
h s
ma
ll a
rea
s sh
all
ow
sk
elet
al
soil
s in
cra
cks
& c
rev
ices
.A
-FO
k-b
-HA
EB
edro
ck a
nd
pro
xim
al
coll
uv
ium
NE
03
21.2
716
120.
58
50
Pft
t. M
ing
ah
Tu
ff M
emb
er o
f th
e T
um
bia
na F
orm
atio
n a
s te
rrac
e; p
rofi
le
deep
sto
ny
cla
y w
ith
su
rfac
e st
rew
.A
-FO
k-b
-HA
ET
hin
co
llu
viu
m o
r la
g o
ver
b
edro
ck
NE
04
21.3
337
120.
7520
Ph
c. C
ara
win
e d
olo
mit
e h
ill
slo
pe;
ma
ssiv
e st
on
e &
sto
ne
frag
men
t p
rofi
le.
A-F
Om
-b-H
AE
Bed
rock
an
d p
rox
ima
l co
llu
viu
m
NE
05
21.3
377
120.
770
0P
H.
Lew
in s
ha
le;
deep
sto
ny
cla
y w
ith
ou
tcro
ps
of
sheet
sh
ale
.A
-FO
m-b
-HA
ED
ista
l co
llu
viu
m i
n o
utw
ash
fa
ns
NE
06
21.3
299
120.
876
0Q
c. Q
uat
ern
ary
co
llu
via
l o
utw
ash
pla
in;
deep
sa
nd
y c
lay
wit
h p
ebb
les
in
pro
fi le
.A
-HA
c-k
ds
R1t
pa
Co
llu
via
l g
rav
el
NE
0721
.287
912
0.89
10Q
b.
Hea
vin
g c
lay
pla
in w
ith
tu
sso
ck g
rass
.C
P-_
pa-s
epg
-CA
A1f
cbA
llu
via
l fl
oo
dp
lain
NE
08
21.3
263
120.
9710
Qp
. Q
uat
ern
ary
sa
nd
y c
lay
cen
oz
oic
gra
vel
& q
ua
rtz s
urf
ace
stre
w.
CP
-_p
a-s
epg
-CA
C1
Dis
tal
coll
uv
ium
in
ou
twa
sh
fan
s
NE
09
21.3
219
121.
0020
To
. D
uri
cru
st t
op
of
mes
a.C
P-_
pa-s
epg
-CA
Cz
os
Co
llu
viu
m;
calc
rete
ru
bb
le
NE
1021
.316
012
1.0
48
0Q
a. R
ipa
ria
n d
eep
cla
y.C
P-_
pa-s
epg
-CA
Qa
All
uv
ial
cha
nn
els
an
d
fl o
od
pla
in
NE
1121
.30
44
121.
200
0P
h.
Ko
on
ga
lin
g V
olc
an
ics
(Afk
); u
nd
ula
tin
g s
ton
y h
ill
cou
ntr
y w
ith
ro
cky
cl
ay s
urf
ace/
rock
.A
-FO
k-b
-HA
EC
oll
uv
ial
gra
vel
or
lag
NE
1221
.28
84
121.
237
0A
gr.
Gra
nit
e b
ou
lder
hil
ls;
ma
ssiv
e o
utc
rop
s &
bo
uld
ers.
A-G
R-g
Co
llu
via
l fo
ots
lop
es
NE
1321
.295
712
1.26
40
Qx
. G
reat
Sa
nd
y D
eser
t d
un
e-i
nte
rdu
ne;
deep
sa
nd
pro
fi le
.A
-GR
-gQ
sS
an
d p
lain
an
d d
un
es
NW
0121
.979
412
0.2
240
Ag
f. G
ran
ito
id u
nd
ula
tin
g h
ills
wit
h o
utc
rop
s &
gri
tty
pro
fi le
of
dec
om
po
sin
g r
ock
& c
lay.
A-m
g-P
KG
ran
itic
bed
rock
an
d
pro
xim
al
coll
uv
ium
NW
02
21.9
478
120.
194
0A
s. M
osq
uit
o C
reek
Fo
rmat
ion
gre
yw
ack
e et
c. u
nd
ula
tin
g h
ill
cou
ntr
y r
ock
sc
ree
(dec
om
po
sin
g r
ock
) o
n m
ass
ive
ou
tcro
p.
A-N
Uq
-mh
Co
llu
via
l fo
ots
lop
es
NW
03
21.7
703
120.
092
0A
fh.
Qu
art
z P
orp
ho
ry (
Pp
) et
c.;
bo
uld
er s
lop
e to
ra
ng
e.A
-FO
h-x
s-f-
HA
EB
edro
ck a
nd
pro
xim
al
coll
uv
ium
in
fo
ots
lop
es
NW
04
21.6
785
120.
08
80
Ph
r. M
ou
nt
Ro
e B
asa
lt;
ma
ssiv
e b
asa
lt a
s u
nd
ula
tin
g h
ill
cou
ntr
y s
ton
y c
lay
p
rofi
le o
ver
ma
ssiv
e o
utc
rop
.A
-FO
r-b
-HA
EC
oll
uv
ial
foo
tslo
pes
NW
05
21.6
773
120.
155
0A
av.
Ag
glo
mer
ate,
ha
rd c
lay
pla
in w
ith
su
rfac
e st
rew
of
sma
ll s
ton
es.
A-W
Ap
-fS
ilt,
sa
nd
an
d g
rav
el o
n
dis
tal
coll
uv
ial
foo
tslo
pes
NW
06
21.6
44
212
0.0
63
0P
Hg
. H
ard
y S
an
dst
on
e h
ills
ide.
A-F
Oh
-xs-
f-H
AE
Bed
rock
an
d p
rox
ima
l co
llu
viu
m
NW
0721
.49
9212
0.10
90
Ab
. O
utw
ash
fo
ot
slo
pe-A
rch
aea
n b
asa
lt,
pro
fi le
is
surf
ace
stre
w o
f d
eco
mp
osi
ng
ba
salt
ov
er m
ass
ive
ba
salt
.A
-KE
w-x
f-s
Co
llu
via
l fo
ots
lop
es
NW
08
21.4
799
120.
091
0A
b.
Arc
haea
n b
asa
lt &
ard
ersi
te.
A-W
A-x
b-f
Co
llu
via
l fo
ots
lop
es
![Page 37: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Pilbara Biodiversity Survey Introduction 39
NW
09
21.4
619
120.
013
0A
gp
. P
lain
of
deep
gri
tty
cla
y.A
-g-P
OT
hin
sa
nd
an
d c
oll
uv
ium
o
ver
bed
rock
NW
1021
.46
84
120.
007
0Q
eg.
Un
du
lati
ng
pla
in o
f d
eco
mp
osi
ng
ell
uv
ial
gra
nit
e so
ils
wit
h s
an
dy,
g
ritt
y &
sto
ny
pro
fi le
.A
-g-P
OT
hin
sa
nd
an
d c
oll
uv
ium
NW
1121
.407
712
0.07
10A
gm
. G
ran
ito
irit
e u
nd
ula
tin
g p
lain
s co
un
try
deep
sa
nd
y &
gri
tty
cla
y
pro
fi le
wit
h d
eco
mp
osi
ng
gra
nit
e ro
cks
in p
rofi
le.
A-g
-PE
Co
llu
via
l g
rav
el o
r la
g
NW
1221
.392
312
0.07
10A
gm
. L
arg
e g
ran
ite
bo
uld
ers
emer
gin
g t
hro
ug
h s
urf
ace
of
clay
gri
tty
to
d
epth
wit
h d
eco
mp
osi
ng
gra
nit
e; b
edro
ck a
t 21
cm
av
erag
e.A
-g-P
EB
edro
ck r
ise
wit
h b
ou
lder
s a
nd
th
in p
rox
ima
l co
llu
viu
m
OY
E01
21.6
23
011
6.39
00
Qp
. H
eav
ing
cla
y u
pla
nd
pla
in o
n F
m b
asa
lt.
Her
bs
& a
nn
ua
l g
rass
es.
A-F
Om
-b-H
AW
Bed
rock
an
d p
rox
ima
l co
llu
viu
m
OY
E02
21.6
28
311
6.4
46
0F
m.
Ba
salt
up
lan
d.
Fin
e sa
nd
wit
h m
ino
r cl
ay &
sto
nes
in
pro
fi le
, sc
atte
red
b
asa
lt b
ou
lder
s o
utc
rop
pin
g.
A-F
Om
-b-H
AW
Bed
rock
, in
clu
din
g
core
sto
nes
, a
nd
pro
xim
al
coll
uv
ium
OY
E0
321
.63
43
116.
4920
Fm
. B
asa
lt u
pla
nd
. F
ine
clay
ey s
an
d w
ith
ro
cks
in p
rofi
le &
as
surf
ace
stre
w.
A-F
Om
-b-H
AW
Co
llu
via
l fo
ots
lop
es
OY
E0
421
.671
411
6.726
0Q
g.
Qu
ater
na
ry v
all
ey a
llu
viu
m a
mo
ng
Fm
ba
salt
hil
ls.
Bro
wn
cla
yey
sa
nd
to
dep
th.
A-F
Om
-b-H
AW
All
uv
ial
va
lley
fl o
or
OY
E0
521
.68
35
116.
7510
Fjo
. M
ass
ive
mu
dst
on
e h
ill
slo
pe
thin
ly m
an
tled
in
lig
ht
san
dy
-cla
y p
ack
ed
wit
h s
ton
es.
A-F
Oj-
xs-
b-H
AW
Qg
Co
llu
viu
m a
nd
bed
rock
d
ebri
s
OY
E0
621
.707
411
6.76
70Q
l. R
iver
ine
cha
nn
el t
hro
ug
h C
zk
wit
h t
all
riv
er g
um
s et
c. G
ritt
y a
llu
via
l si
lt &
cla
y o
f le
vee
ba
nk
.A
-HA
m-c
ib-H
AW
Qr
All
uv
ial
stre
am
ch
an
nel
OY
E07
21.7
118
116.
764
0C
zk
. C
eno
zo
ic c
alc
rete
—m
ass
ive
ou
tcro
p t
hin
ly m
an
tled
(in
com
ple
tely
) in
ca
lcre
te f
rag
men
ts &
bro
wn
sil
t.A
-HA
m-c
ib-H
AW
Cz
kC
alc
rete
mo
un
d
OY
E0
821
.84
0111
6.6
83
0C
zc.
Cen
oz
oic
co
llu
viu
m.
Lig
ht
san
dy
bro
wn
cla
y c
om
pac
ted
wit
h s
ton
es a
s u
nd
ula
tin
g C
eno
zo
ic r
ises
in
ma
in v
all
ey.
Su
rfac
e st
rew
of
bu
cksh
ot
gra
vel
&
peb
ble
s.A
-HA
d-k
d-H
AW
Cz
cS
heet
-fl o
od
fa
n o
r d
ista
l co
llu
viu
m i
n o
utw
ash
fa
ns
OY
E0
921
.87
7611
6.51
70H
d.
Ma
ssiv
e H
am
ersl
ey D
olo
mit
e o
utc
rop
as
sma
ll h
ill
wit
h d
isco
nti
nu
ou
s th
in p
atch
es o
f re
d c
lay
& r
ock
fra
gm
ents
as
surf
ace
cov
er.
A-H
Ad
-kd
-HA
WB
edro
ck
OY
E10
21.8
748
116.
5020
Qg
. Q
uat
ern
ary
pla
in o
f fi
rm r
ed s
an
dy
cla
y w
ith
peb
ble
s in
pro
fi le
as
bro
ad
va
lley
fl o
or.
A-H
Ad
-kd
-HA
WQ
gD
ista
l co
llu
viu
m o
r a
llu
via
l g
rav
el
OY
E11
21.8
724
116.
4720
Tp
. T
erti
ary
pis
oli
te b
rea
kaw
ay s
carp
& s
lop
e—
ma
ssiv
e T
p o
utc
rop
& s
cree
slo
pe.
Tp
ro
cks
& g
rav
el i
n m
atri
x o
f cl
ay o
n s
lop
e.A
-HA
d-k
d-H
AW
Qg
Co
llu
via
l fo
ots
lop
es b
elo
w
bed
rock
ou
tcro
p
OY
E12
21.8
439
116.
353
0Q
p.
Qu
ater
na
ry v
all
ey fl
oo
r—o
utw
ash
pla
in o
f h
eav
y c
lay
wit
h p
ebb
les
in
pro
fi le
.A
-HA
m-c
ib-H
AW
Qp
All
uv
ial
silt
an
d s
an
d
OY
E13
21.9
518
116.
489
0H
r. M
ass
ive
rock
, sc
ree
& r
ock
fra
gm
ents
wit
h c
lay
in
cre
vic
es.
P_
-HA
b-c
ibT
pC
oll
uv
ial
foo
tslo
pes
bel
ow
b
edro
ck o
utc
rop
OY
W01
21.9
655
115.
9770
Qg
. F
lat
coll
uv
ial
san
d s
heet
wit
h s
om
e cl
ay c
on
ten
t &
pis
oli
te s
ton
es i
n
pro
fi le
.K
-_n
y-s
pQ
gD
ista
l co
llu
viu
m i
n l
ow
er
slo
pes
an
d f
an
s
![Page 38: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
40 N.L. McKenzie, S. van Leeuwen, A.M. Pinder
Sit
eL
at
SL
on
g E
Ha
bit
at
De
scri
pti
on
(b
y s
ite s
ele
ctio
n t
ea
m)
Be
dro
ckR
eg
oli
thP
ho
to I
nte
rpre
tati
on
OY
W02
21.9
50
911
5.8
870
Ql.
Co
llu
via
l cl
ay v
all
ey fl
oo
r w
ith
ha
rdp
an
in
pla
ces.
P_
-WY
U-x
s-k
Ql
All
uv
ial
fl o
od
pla
in s
ilt
an
d
clay
OY
W0
321
.947
111
5.8
30
0W
a. G
entl
e ri
ses
& f
oo
tslo
pes
aro
un
d f
oo
t o
f T
p h
ills
. 2
cm
of
qu
art
z p
ebb
les
on
60
cm
of
lig
ht
clay
ov
er m
ass
ive
mu
dst
on
e.K
-_n
y-s
pQ
pt
Dis
tal
coll
uv
ium
in
lo
wer
sl
op
es a
nd
fa
ns
OY
W0
421
.917
111
5.7
240
Qg
. G
entl
e g
rav
elly
slo
pe
of
fi rm
cla
y t
o d
epth
.P
_-W
YU
-xs-
kQ
pt
Co
llu
via
l fo
ots
lop
es
OY
W0
521
.912
711
5.71
80
Kn
. G
entl
y u
pla
nd
slo
pes
. S
ton
y s
urf
ace
of
rock
s &
peb
ble
s o
ver
fi r
m c
lay
p
ack
ed w
ith
co
ng
lom
erat
e.P
_-W
YU
-xs-
kD
ista
l co
llu
viu
m o
r a
llu
via
l g
rav
el
OY
W0
621
.898
011
5.70
50
Cz
l. U
nd
ula
tin
g p
late
au.
Red
gra
vel
ly c
lay
ov
er m
ass
ive
ferr
icre
te.
K-W
N-s
fl -W
CC
oll
uv
ial
gra
vel
or
lag
on
b
edro
ck r
ise
OY
W07
21.7
34
011
5.8
08
0Q
l. R
iver
ine
lev
ee
—g
ritt
y s
an
dy
all
uv
ium
mix
ed w
ith
riv
er s
ton
es.
K-W
N-s
fl -W
CQ
lA
llu
via
l st
rea
m c
ha
nn
el
gra
vel
an
d s
an
d
OY
W0
821
.731
611
5.8
08
0K
n.
Ma
ssiv
e K
n b
rea
kaw
ay s
cree
of
con
glo
mer
ate
cem
ente
d i
nto
fe
rru
gin
ou
s la
teri
te.
Sk
elet
al
clay
& s
ton
es o
ver
ma
ssiv
e d
uri
cru
st o
n t
op
of
mes
a.K
-WN
-sfl
-WC
Ql
Cem
ente
d a
llu
via
l g
rav
els
in o
ld t
erra
ce
OY
W0
921
.689
611
5.8
420
Tp
. L
ater
itic
up
lan
d.
Gra
vel
ly c
lay
to
dep
th w
ith
bu
cksh
ot
surf
ace.
P_-W
YU
-xs-
kT
pD
rain
age
cha
nn
el w
ith
g
rav
elly
sil
t a
nd
cla
y, o
ver
fe
rru
gin
ou
s ri
se
OY
W10
21.8
42
511
5.582
0Q
a. M
ass
ive
all
uv
ial
clay
to
dep
th w
ith
?h
ard
pa
n—
fl o
od
way
.K
-WN
-sfl
-WC
Ql
Flo
od
pla
in s
ilt
an
d c
lay
OY
W11
21.7
937
115.
467
0Q
c/C
zc.
Co
llu
via
l p
lain
of
clay
wit
h s
ha
llo
w v
eneer
of
red
sa
nd
y c
lay.
K-W
N-s
fl -W
CC
zc
Flo
od
pla
in s
ilt
an
d c
lay
OY
W12
21.7
776
115.
367
0Q
s/C
zp
. L
ow
du
nefi
eld
ass
oci
ated
wit
h c
lay
pa
ns.
Red
sa
nd
wit
h m
ass
ive
clay
at
60
cm
ex
po
sed
in
blo
w-o
uts
bet
ween
lu
net
tes.
K-W
N-s
fl -W
CC
zp
Flo
od
pla
in
OY
W13
21.7
80
811
5.24
80
Qs/
Cz
c. R
esid
ua
l p
lain
of
deep
red
sa
nd
.K
-WN
-sfl
-WC
Cz
cF
loo
dp
lain
sil
t a
nd
cla
y
PE
0121
.86
4711
7.78
70Q
r. A
llu
via
l p
lain
wit
h g
rass
lan
d.
A-H
Am
-cib
-HA
WQ
aa
All
uv
ial
silt
an
d c
lay
on
fl
oo
dp
lain
PE
02
21.8
822
117.
795
0Q
g.
Aca
cia/
Trio
dia
on
sto
ny
pla
in o
f sa
nd
y c
lay.
A-H
Ad
-kd
-HA
WQ
wL
ow
er s
lop
es o
f sh
eet
-fl o
od
fa
n;
dis
tal
coll
uv
ium
PE
03
21.8
764
117.
7410
Qr.
Cra
ckin
g c
lay
pla
in w
ith
gra
ssla
nd
.A
-HA
m-c
ib-H
AW
Qw
cA
llu
via
l si
lt a
nd
cla
y o
n
fl o
od
pla
in
PE
04
21.7
950
117.
857
0P
fjw
. M
all
ee/
spin
ifex
.A
-FO
j-x
s-b
-HA
WP
rox
ima
l fo
ots
lop
e co
llu
viu
m;
sub
rou
nd
ed t
o
sub
an
gu
lar
bed
rock
deb
ris
PE
05
21.8
915
118.
00
00
Qp
g.
Sn
ak
ewo
od
/tu
sso
ck g
rass
on
riv
er a
llu
viu
m.
A-H
Am
-cib
-HA
WQ
aoA
llu
via
l o
r d
ista
l co
llu
via
l g
rav
el;
reli
ct v
all
ey fi
ll
PE
06
21.8
562
117.
980
0Q
pt.
Mu
lga/
Trio
dia
bu
cksh
ot;
red
sa
nd
y c
lay
pla
in.
A-H
Am
-cib
-HA
WQ
wU
pp
er s
lop
es o
f sh
eet
-fl o
od
fa
n;
dis
tal
coll
uv
ium
![Page 39: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Pilbara Biodiversity Survey Introduction 41
PE
0721
.786
811
7.862
0P
tjd
. Tr
iodi
a h
illt
op
wit
h s
catt
ered
Eu
caly
pts
; W
oo
dja
na S
an
dst
on
e m
emb
er.
A-F
Oj-
xs-
b-H
AW
Co
llu
viu
m a
nd
bed
rock
d
ebri
s
PE
08
21.7
66
511
7.82
50
Ptj
d.
Scr
ee
slo
pe
un
der
sca
rp.
A-F
Oj-
xs-
b-H
AW
Co
llu
via
l fo
ots
lop
es b
elo
w
bed
rock
ou
tcro
p
PE
09
21.7
141
117.
776
0P
fm.
Trio
dia
& s
catt
ered
Eu
caly
pts
; te
rmit
e m
ou
nd
s; h
ard
sto
ny
so
il p
rofi
le.
A-F
Om
-b-H
AW
Co
llu
via
l sl
op
es a
nd
b
edro
ck d
ebri
s
PE
1021
.662
511
7.70
50
Cz
t (Q
px)
. C
rack
ing
cla
y t
ab
lela
nd
-gra
ssla
nd
.A
-FO
m-b
-HA
WC
zcb
Dis
sect
ed d
ista
l co
llu
via
l fo
ots
lop
es o
f sh
eet
-fl o
od
fa
n;
gra
vel
ly s
ilt
an
d c
lay
PE
1121
.83
36
117.
6110
Ph
m.
Gre
ville
a &
Aca
cia
shru
bs/
Trio
dia
on
rid
ge.
A-H
Am
-cib
-HA
WB
edro
ck d
ebri
s a
nd
p
rox
ima
l co
llu
via
l g
rav
el o
n
low
hil
l
PE
122
2.0
592
117.
693
0P
hd
. S
hru
bs/
Trio
dia.
A-H
Ad
-kd
-HA
WC
oll
uv
ial
slo
pes
an
d
bed
rock
deb
ris
PH
YC
0120
.375
111
9.93
20Q
s. B
road
in
terd
un
e sa
nd
pla
in.
Fir
m r
ed s
an
d w
ith
min
or
clay
to
dep
th.
K-_
ca-s
pQ
sA
eoli
an
sa
nd
pla
in
PH
YC
02
20.3
911
119.
90
90
Ag
p.
Gra
nit
oid
pla
in.
Dec
ayin
g g
ran
ite
& q
ua
rtz
peb
ble
s a
s su
rfac
e st
rew
o
n fi
rm
gri
tty
cla
y p
rofi
le t
o d
epth
.K
-_ca
-sp
Cz
cC
oll
uv
ial
gra
vel
wit
h
bed
rock
in
dis
sect
ed s
heet
o
r fa
n;
som
e cl
ayp
an
s
PH
YC
03
20.4
296
119.
969
0A
gp
. H
oll
ow
in
to
p o
f g
ran
ite
ou
tcro
p h
ill.
Dec
ayin
g g
ran
ite
in m
atri
x o
f g
rit
as
dep
osi
t o
n s
heet
gra
nit
e at
fo
ot
of
gra
nit
e sc
ree.
A-g
-PM
Gra
nit
ic b
edro
ck o
utc
rop
; sh
eet
s, d
om
es a
nd
co
rest
on
es
PH
YC
04
20.9
337
119.
90
30
Ql.
Rip
ari
an
lev
ee
ba
nk
s o
f sa
nd
y c
lay
su
pp
ort
ing
bu
ffel
gra
ss,
sep
ara
ted
by
d
ry w
ater
co
urs
e o
f co
ars
e g
ritt
y s
an
d l
ined
wit
h r
iver
gu
ms.
A-W
Ad
-fQ
aa
sA
llu
via
l st
rea
m b
ed a
nd
b
an
ks;
ad
jace
nt
ov
erb
an
k
dep
osi
ts
PH
YC
05
20.9
359
119.
858
0A
av.
Ag
glo
mer
ate
fl at
in
sm
all
va
lley
bet
ween
lo
w b
asa
lt h
ills
(A
b).
Deep
cl
ay p
rofi
le w
ith
are
as
of
ba
salt
gra
vel
on
su
rfac
e in
pat
ches
. M
ass
ive
Trio
dia.
A-W
Ad
-fQ
aoA
llu
via
l g
rav
el;
rew
ork
ed
coll
uv
ium
; in
sm
all
va
lley
fl
oo
r
PH
YC
06
20.8
35
611
9.67
20Q
f. Q
uat
ern
ary
(o
ld)
pla
in o
f re
-wo
rked
sa
nd
y c
lay.
Deep
pro
fi le
.A
-g-P
MQ
wS
ilty
sa
nd
in
dis
tal
fan
s o
r re
lict
all
uv
ial
fl o
od
pla
in
PH
YC
0720
.911
011
9.6
50
0A
b.
Ste
ep o
utc
rop
& s
cree
on
lo
wer
slo
pe
at e
nd
of
ba
salt
rid
ge.
Bro
ken
&
dec
ayin
g r
ock
in
sh
all
ow
cla
y m
atri
x i
nco
mp
lete
ly m
an
tlin
g s
lop
e.A
-GC
-xca
-bB
edro
ck r
idg
e a
nd
ad
jace
nt
coll
uv
ial
foo
tslo
pes
, w
ith
b
ou
lder
s
PH
YC
08
20.9
229
119.
610
0P
fk.
Ky
len
a b
asa
lt o
utc
rop
as
gen
tle
slo
pes
, ri
ses
& l
ow
rid
ges
. B
rok
en r
ock
s &
sto
nes
in
sh
all
ow
cla
y m
atri
x i
nco
mp
lete
ly m
an
tlin
g t
he
ou
tcro
p s
urf
ace
by
fi l
lin
g c
rev
ices
& c
ov
erin
g i
t in
sh
all
ow
sh
eet
s.A
-FO
h-x
s-f-
HA
MB
edro
ck a
nd
pro
xim
al
coll
uv
ium
in
fo
ots
lop
es
PH
YC
09
20.8
952
119.
6020
Qk
. C
alc
rete
ris
es o
f o
ld,
un
du
lati
ng
& p
art
iall
y s
trip
ped
Cen
oz
oic
va
lley
fl
oo
r. S
heet
ca
lcre
te w
ith
su
per
fi ci
al
ma
ntl
e o
f d
ecay
ing
ca
lcre
te g
rav
el.
A-G
C-x
ca-b
Cz
rkD
ista
l co
llu
via
l g
rav
el i
n
low
er s
lop
es a
nd
fa
ns;
in
clu
des
ca
lcre
te r
ub
ble
![Page 40: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
42 N.L. McKenzie, S. van Leeuwen, A.M. Pinder
Sit
eL
at
SL
on
g E
Ha
bit
at
De
scri
pti
on
(b
y s
ite s
ele
ctio
n t
ea
m)
Be
dro
ckR
eg
oli
thP
ho
to I
nte
rpre
tati
on
PH
YC
1020
.89
9611
9.59
00
Qg
. V
all
ey fl
oo
r p
lain
. D
eep
Qu
ater
na
ry a
llu
via
l cl
ay w
ith
su
rfac
e co
ver
of
ba
salt
, ca
lcre
te &
qu
art
z p
ebb
les.
A-G
C-x
ca-b
Qc
Co
llu
via
l fo
ots
lop
e g
rav
el;
min
or
calc
rete
PH
YC
1120
.852
611
9.59
20A
st.
Arc
haea
n s
ilts
ton
e &
sa
nd
sto
ne.
Ste
ep o
utc
rop
& s
cree
slo
pe
bel
ow
sc
arp
wit
h d
ecay
ing
sil
tsto
ne
frag
men
ts i
n s
kel
eta
l th
in s
an
dy
sil
t m
atri
x
inco
mp
lete
ly m
an
tlin
g s
lop
e.A
-GC
-xca
-bC
za
zC
oll
uv
ial
foo
tslo
pes
bel
ow
fe
rru
gin
ised
an
d c
emen
ted
a
llu
viu
m
PH
YC
1220
.824
511
9.539
0Q
b.
Hea
vy
cra
ckin
g c
lay
pla
in w
ith
sin
k-h
ole
s ra
ther
th
an
hea
ves
, b
ut
effe
ctiv
ely
th
e sa
me
wit
ho
ut
the
sto
nes
.A
-WA
-xb
-fQ
wb
Sh
eet
-fl o
od
fa
n o
f g
rav
elly
si
lt a
nd
cla
y w
ith
gil
ga
i su
rfac
e
PH
YE
0120
.698
812
0.8
570
Qs.
Du
ne
cres
t. R
ed d
eser
t sa
nd
to
dep
th.
CP
-_p
a-s
epg
-CA
Qs
Aeo
lia
n s
an
d p
lain
PH
YE
02
20.7
039
120.
9020
Qs.
In
terd
un
e sa
nd
pla
in.
Red
des
ert
san
d t
o d
epth
.C
P-_
pa-s
epg
-CA
Qsf
Aeo
lia
n s
an
d d
un
e
PH
YE
03
20.7
487
120.
930
0
Cz
oc.
Mes
as
of
Cen
oz
oic
op
ali
ne
sili
ca,
mu
dst
on
e &
min
or
calc
are
ou
s m
ud
sto
ne
(sim
ila
r in
ap
pea
ran
ce t
o c
alc
rete
). T
op
s o
f m
esa
s a
re m
ass
ive
sheet
ex
po
sure
s th
inly
ma
ntl
ed b
y p
ebb
les
in m
atri
x o
f fi
ne
clay
fi l
lin
g
crev
ices
& d
epre
ssio
ns.
CP
-_p
a-s
epg
-CA
Cz
os
Sil
icifi
ed
ca
rbo
nat
e d
ebri
s a
nd
ou
tcro
p
PH
YE
04
20.7
38
812
0.89
50
Cz
c. U
nd
ula
tin
g C
eno
zo
ic c
alc
rete
pla
in.
Red
sa
nd
th
inly
& i
nco
mp
lete
ly
ma
ntl
ing
pa
le b
row
n c
lay
ey s
an
d c
on
tain
ing
ca
lcre
te &
op
ali
ne
peb
ble
s &
ir
on
sto
ne
gra
vel
ov
er c
alc
rete
.C
P-_
pa-s
epg
-CA
Qa
a
All
uv
ial
or
coll
uv
ial
gra
vel
; so
me
carb
on
ate
gra
vel
; er
od
ed t
erra
ce o
r v
all
ey
fl o
or
PH
YE
05
20.8
549
120.
853
0Q
l. R
iver
ine
fro
nta
ge
of
Oa
ko
ver
Riv
er.
Sa
nd
y a
llu
via
l cl
ay o
f le
vee
ba
nk
. R
iver
Gu
ms
etc.
CP
-_p
a-s
epg
-CA
Qa
as
Sil
t, s
an
d a
nd
cla
y i
n
all
uv
ial
cha
nn
el
PH
YE
06
20.8
613
120.
8210
Qc.
Qu
ater
na
ry c
oll
uv
ium
—g
entl
e ca
lcre
te s
lop
e v
ersi
on
, p
ale
lo
am
y c
lay
w
ith
ca
lcre
te s
ton
es &
gra
vel
in
pro
fi le
& a
s su
rfac
e st
rew
.C
P-_
pa-s
epg
-CA
Qc
Dis
tal
coll
uv
ial
gra
vel
in
o
utw
ash
fa
ns
PH
YE
0720
.93
4712
0.87
60
Qep
. Q
uat
ern
ary
ell
uv
ial
pla
in.
Sa
nd
y c
lay
wit
h s
urf
ace
stre
w o
f g
rav
el &
p
ebb
les.
CP
-_p
a-s
epg
-CA
Cz
agA
llu
via
l fl
oo
dp
lain
or
terr
ace
gra
vel
s
PH
YE
08
20.8
64
512
0.76
60
Qb
. H
eav
ing
cla
y p
lain
of
crac
kin
g c
lay
s w
ith
qu
art
z f
rag
men
ts i
n p
rofi
le.
CP
-_p
a-s
epg
-CA
Qao
bA
llu
via
l p
lain
of
gra
vel
ly s
ilt
an
d c
lay
wit
h g
ilg
ai
surf
ace
PH
YE
09
20.9
181
120.
623
0A
fk.
Ky
len
a b
asa
lt h
ill.
Lo
w r
ou
nd
ed h
ills
wit
h o
cca
sio
na
l b
ou
lder
s. H
iils
h
ave
ma
ntl
e o
f sa
nd
y c
lay
wit
h s
ton
es &
bro
ken
ro
ck i
n p
rofi
le.
A-F
Ok
-b-H
AE
Qc
Co
llu
via
l g
rav
el i
n d
ista
l fo
ots
lop
es o
r fa
ns
PH
YE
1020
.819
312
0.537
0Q
c/A
g.
Gra
nit
oid
co
llu
via
l p
lain
—o
ran
ge-b
row
n g
ritt
y c
lay
ov
er h
ard
cla
y
at 3
0 c
m.
A-g
-PW
Qa
aA
llu
via
l si
lt a
nd
cla
y o
n fl
at
in v
all
ey
PH
YE
1120
.76
60
120.
3770
Qeg
. Q
uat
ern
ary
all
uv
ial
gra
vel
. O
ran
ge-b
row
n g
ritt
y c
lay
to
dep
th w
ith
d
efi n
ite
surf
ace
sk
in o
f en
cru
stin
g o
rga
nis
ms.
A-g
-PW
Qw
gG
rav
elly
sil
t a
nd
sa
nd
in
sh
eet
-fl o
od
fa
n
PH
YE
1220
.747
112
0.2
58
0A
ci.
Arc
ha
ean
Ch
ert
ran
ge.
Ma
ssiv
e o
utc
rop
on
ste
ep s
lop
e w
ith
ma
ssiv
e sc
ree
slo
pes
. S
kel
eta
l lo
am
y s
an
d &
ro
ck f
rag
men
ts i
n c
rev
ices
&
dep
ress
ion
s.A
-GC
-xci
-sB
edro
ck a
nd
pro
xim
al
coll
uv
ium
PH
YE
1320
.724
212
0.20
20P
fh.
Had
ley
Sa
nd
sto
ne
hil
lsid
e. S
teep
slo
pe
of
lig
ht
scre
e &
ru
bb
le.
Sk
elet
al
san
dy
so
il &
ro
ck f
rag
men
ts i
n c
rev
ices
.A
-WA
-xb
-fC
oll
uv
ial
foo
tslo
pes
bel
ow
b
edro
ck o
utc
rop
![Page 41: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Pilbara Biodiversity Survey Introduction 43
PH
YW
0119
.997
611
9.359
0Q
cd.
Un
con
soli
dat
ed r
idg
e o
f ca
lca
reo
us
bea
ch s
an
d w
ith
so
me
clay
(h
ence
te
rmit
e m
ou
nd
s).
Spin
ifex
long
ifoliu
s &
bu
ffel
, h
eav
ily
gra
zed
.A
-g-P
IB
1bA
eoli
an
sa
nd
in
co
ast
al
du
ne
PH
YW
02
20.0
34
311
9.3
34
0Q
cs.
Hea
vy
cra
ckin
g c
lay
of
sub
-co
ast
al
fl at
s—R
oeb
ou
rne
Pla
ins
equ
iva
len
t.A
-g-P
IQ
as
All
uv
ial
fl o
od
pla
in;
silt
y
clay
PH
YW
03
20.1
623
119.
36
80
Qa.
Pla
in o
f d
eep
sa
nd
y c
lay
—v
ery
fi r
m a
t d
epth
.K
-_ca
-sp
Qao
Flo
od
pla
in;
all
uv
ial
silt
an
d
san
d
PH
YW
04
20.2
616
119.
419
0Q
s. P
ind
an
sa
nd
—4
0 c
m o
f re
d s
an
d m
an
tlin
g c
lay.
A-P
I-x
b-s
Qs
Aeo
lia
n s
an
d d
un
e
PH
YW
05
20.2
852
119.
43
00
Qb
. H
eav
y, s
easo
na
lly
in
un
dat
ed c
lay
pla
in.
A-P
I-x
b-s
Qao
cF
loo
dp
lain
or
lacu
stri
ne
silt
y c
lay
PH
YW
06
20.2
42
511
9.57
50
Qs.
Pin
da
n s
an
d.
Fir
m r
ed s
an
d w
ith
so
me
clay
co
nte
nt.
K-_
ca-s
pQ
sA
eoli
an
sa
nd
pla
in
PH
YW
0720
.324
611
9.21
10Q
l. R
iver
ine.
Sa
nd
y c
lay
lev
ee
ba
nk
wit
h a
rea
s o
f ri
ver
sto
ne
& g
rav
el.
A-W
C-f
Qa
aA
llu
via
l v
all
ey fl
at
or
fl o
od
pla
in
PH
YW
08
20.3
259
119.
175
0A
c. S
teep
ba
nd
ed i
ron
ov
er c
her
t o
utc
rop
& s
cree
slo
pe
wit
h r
ock
fra
gm
ents
in
sh
all
ow
gri
tty
cla
y m
atri
x fi
lli
ng
gap
s &
cre
vic
es.
A-P
I-x
b-s
Qc
Co
llu
via
l fo
ots
lop
es b
elo
w
sili
ceo
us
bed
rock
ou
tcro
p
PH
YW
09
20.3
359
119.
138
0A
cf.
Ste
ep p
late
au e
dg
e, c
her
t-ir
on
sto
ne
bre
ak
away
& s
cree
slo
pe
wit
h r
ock
fr
agm
ents
in
sh
all
ow
gri
tty
cla
y m
atri
x fi
lli
ng
gap
s &
cre
vic
es.
A-G
C-x
ci-s
Co
llu
via
l fo
ots
lop
es b
elo
w
sili
ceo
us
bed
rock
ou
tcro
p
PH
YW
1020
.311
111
9.0
950
Qf.
Pla
in o
f a
llu
viu
m.
Rew
ork
ed r
ed g
ritt
y s
an
d w
ith
cla
y a
t su
rfac
e &
th
rou
gh
pro
fi le
. S
an
d d
om
inat
es m
ix t
o a
t le
ast
60
cm
.A
-GC
-xci
-sQ
aoF
loo
dp
lain
sil
t a
nd
sa
nd
PH
YW
1120
.32
5111
8.92
20Q
f. P
lain
of
rew
ork
ed a
llu
via
l g
ritt
y g
ran
itic
so
il w
ith
so
me
surf
ace
clay
. T
erm
ite
mo
un
ds.
A-g
-PI
A1c
Flo
od
pla
in s
ilt
an
d s
an
d
PH
YW
1220
.391
411
8.92
30
Qeg
. G
ran
ito
id p
lain
of
gri
tty
cla
yey
sa
nd
wit
h t
hin
cla
y o
n s
urf
ace.
A-g
-PI
Co
llu
via
l fa
n o
r d
ista
l fo
ots
lop
es
PH
YW
1320
.347
811
8.89
20Q
a. P
lain
of
Qu
ater
na
ry a
llu
viu
m.
Rew
ork
ed g
ritt
y g
ran
itic
sa
nd
wit
h c
lay
at
su
rfac
e.A
-g-P
IA
1cF
loo
dp
lain
or
ov
erb
an
k s
ilt
an
d s
an
d a
dja
cen
t to
riv
er
cha
nn
el
PW
0121
.339
711
7.26
00
Pd
c. S
lop
es o
f d
ole
rite
bo
uld
er h
ills
—b
are
to
ps
wit
h T
riod
ia o
n s
lop
es.
A-F
Ocp
-od
Bed
rock
, d
om
inat
ed b
y
core
sto
nes
, a
nd
pro
xim
al
coll
uv
ium
PW
02
21.3
28
011
7.24
30
Pfk
. A
caci
a sh
rub
s/Tr
iodi
a o
n b
ou
lder
fi e
ld;
Ky
ale
ne
ba
salt
scr
ee
slo
pe.
A-F
Ok
-b-H
AW
Co
llu
via
l fo
ots
lop
es
PW
03
21.3
413
117.
189
0P
fp.
Un
du
lati
ng
up
lan
d w
ith
sca
tter
ed s
pa
rse
trees
ov
er T
riod
ia i
n s
ton
y h
ill
cou
ntr
y.A
-FO
t-x
b-k
-HA
WB
edro
ck a
nd
pro
xim
al
coll
uv
ium
in
fo
ots
lop
es
PW
04
21.3
949
117.
1710
Qp
x.
Hea
vin
g c
lay
pla
in w
ith
ro
ck s
trew
on
su
rfac
e.A
-FO
m-b
-HA
WC
zcb
Co
llu
viu
m a
nd
bed
rock
d
ebri
s
PW
05
21.5
773
117.
062
0Q
a. P
aper
ba
rks,
sed
ges
etc
. o
f sw
am
p.
A-H
Am
-cib
-HA
WQ
aa
Riv
er c
ha
nn
els
an
d
ov
erb
an
k s
edim
ents
PW
06
21.6
772
116.
975
0Q
c. A
caci
a/Tr
iodi
a; b
uck
sho
t p
lain
.A
-HA
d-k
d-H
AW
Ql
Sh
eet
fl o
od
fa
n;
silt
an
d c
lay
Sit
eL
at
SL
on
g E
Ha
bit
at
De
scri
pti
on
(b
y s
ite s
ele
ctio
n t
ea
m)
Be
dro
ckR
eg
oli
thP
ho
to I
nte
rpre
tati
on
![Page 42: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
44 N.L. McKenzie, S. van Leeuwen, A.M. Pinder
PW
0721
.64
2411
7.0
370
Qc.
Sn
ak
ewo
od
/Aca
cia/
tuss
ock
gra
ss.
A-H
Ad
-kd
-HA
WQ
aa
Flo
od
pla
in;
calc
rete
deb
ris
on
ed
ge
of
terr
ace
PW
08
21.6
04
211
7.07
80
Cz
k.
Eu
caly
pts
ov
er s
pin
ifex
; ca
lcre
ted
sa
nd
.A
-HA
m-c
ib-H
AW
Cz
mV
all
ey fl
at;
sil
ty a
llu
viu
m
PW
09
21.5
713
117.
05
60
Qa.
Riv
er g
um
an
d C
ajep
ut
nea
r p
ipel
ine
cro
ssin
g.
A-F
Oj-
xs-
b-H
AW
Qa
aF
loo
dp
lain
or
ov
erb
an
k
adja
cen
t to
riv
er c
ha
nn
els
PW
1021
.56
34
117.
059
0P
fjw
. S
nap
py
gu
m/
Trio
dia;
sto
ny
gro
un
d.
A-F
Oj-
xs-
b-H
AW
Bed
rock
deb
ris
an
d
pro
xim
al
coll
uv
ial
gra
vel
on
lo
w h
ill
PW
1121
.54
02
117.
057
0P
fjd
. E
uca
lyp
ts o
ver
Aca
cia
ov
er T
riod
ia o
n s
ton
y g
rou
nd
.A
-FO
j-x
s-b
-HA
WC
oll
uv
ial
gra
vel
or
lag
on
b
edro
ck r
ise
PW
1221
.38
4111
7.0
610
Pfm
. Tr
iodi
a a
nd
sca
tter
ed H
akea
on
sto
ny
sa
nd
.A
-FO
m-b
-HA
WC
zc
Co
llu
via
l g
rav
el o
r la
g o
n
bed
rock
ris
e
PW
1321
.310
411
7.27
60
Ql.
Flu
vit
ide
pla
ins;
ta
ll o
pen
Aca
cia
shru
bs
ov
er T
riod
ia.
A-F
Oh
-xs-
f-H
AW
Qa
aA
llu
via
l v
all
ey fl
at
or
fl o
od
pla
in
RH
NC
012
3.361
111
9.11
20C
zl.
Cen
oz
oic
du
ricr
ust
.A
-FO
-od
-HA
SC
zr
Co
llu
via
l g
rav
el i
n
foo
tslo
pes
RH
NC
02
23.
3195
119.
1020
Cz
k.
Cen
oz
oic
ca
lcre
te.
A-F
O-o
d-H
AS
Cz
kC
alc
rete
mo
un
d
RH
NC
03
23.
2662
119.
134
0Q
w.
Red
sa
nd
y c
lay
ov
er s
heet
, h
ard
pa
n a
t <
10cm
of
cap
ov
er c
lay.
A-H
Am
-cib
-HA
SQ
wS
heet
-fl o
od
fa
n o
r d
ista
l co
llu
viu
m i
n o
utw
ash
fa
ns
RH
NC
04
23.
25
09
119.
145
0P
Hb
. L
ow
er s
cree
slo
pe
& o
utc
rop
of
ran
ge.
A-H
As-
xsl
-ci
Co
llu
via
l fo
ots
lop
es b
elo
w
bed
rock
ou
tcro
p
RH
NC
05
23.
2136
119.
2020
Qa.
Deep
red
cla
y.A
-HA
d-k
d-H
AS
Qw
All
uv
ial
silt
an
d c
lay
on
v
all
ey fl
at
RH
NC
06
23.
1852
119.
238
0Q
x.
Va
lley
fl o
or
deep
red
cla
y w
ith
su
rfac
e p
ebb
les
stre
w.
A-H
Ad
-kd
-HA
SQ
wD
ista
l co
llu
via
l g
rav
el i
n
low
er s
lop
es a
nd
fa
ns
RH
NC
072
3.14
60
119.
266
0A
hm
’. H
ills
ide;
ma
ssiv
e ro
ck o
utc
rop
s &
ro
cky
cla
y (
sha
llo
w)
pro
fi le
.A
-HA
m-c
ib-H
AS
Cz
cC
oll
uv
ial
foo
tslo
pe
gra
vel
RH
NC
08
23.
1032
119.
039
0A
Fd
. U
nd
ula
tin
g h
ill
cou
ntr
y w
ith
ro
ck o
utc
rop
s &
sto
ny
cla
y p
rofi
le
(sh
all
ow
).A
-FO
-od
-HA
SB
edro
ck d
ebri
s a
nd
p
rox
ima
l co
llu
via
l g
rav
el o
n
low
hil
l
RH
NC
09
23.
0538
119.
1770
AH
b.
Wit
ten
oo
m d
olo
mit
e (m
ud
sto
ne)
on
fo
ot
slo
pes
to
PH
b m
esa;
so
il w
ith
ro
ck s
cree
ov
er m
ass
ive
do
lom
ite.
A-H
Ad
-kd
-HA
SC
oll
uv
ial
foo
tslo
pes
bel
ow
b
edro
ck o
utc
rop
RH
NC
102
2.9
312
119.
185
0Q
a. R
ipa
ria
n d
eep
cla
y &
ro
ck p
rofi
le w
ith
co
bb
les
etc.
ov
er C
zk
ba
sem
ent.
H
ard
dig
gin
g o
n f
ence
s.A
-HA
s-x
sl-c
iQ
aF
loo
dp
lain
or
ov
erb
an
k
adja
cen
t to
riv
er c
ha
nn
els
RH
NC
112
2.9
146
119.
209
0P
Hb
. B
rock
ma
n I
ron
Fo
rmat
ion
.P
_-H
Aj-
xci
-od
Co
llu
via
l fo
ots
lop
es
RH
NC
122
2.8
524
119.
265
0P
Hj.
Weel
i W
oll
i F
orm
atio
n;
rock
pro
fi le
wit
h s
kel
eta
l so
ils
ov
er m
ass
ive
rock
wit
h o
utc
rop
s.P
_-H
Aj-
xci
-od
Co
llu
via
l sl
op
es a
nd
fe
rru
gin
ised
bed
rock
deb
ris
RH
NC
132
2.8
372
119.
2710
Qa.
All
uv
ial
clay
wit
h c
oll
uv
ial
gri
t, c
ob
ble
s &
riv
er s
an
d;
dro
p o
ff o
f C
eno
zo
ic s
urf
ace
(Cz
k)
on
to r
iver
fl a
t (Q
a).
Ha
rd d
igg
ing
on
fen
ces.
P_-H
Aj-
xci
-od
Cz
kF
loo
dp
lain
or
ov
erb
an
k
adja
cen
t to
riv
er c
ha
nn
els
![Page 43: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Pilbara Biodiversity Survey Introduction 45
RH
NE
012
2.8
201
119.
613
0Q
s. R
ed s
an
d d
un
e o
n Q
x.
A-H
Ad
-kd
-HA
EQ
sR
ed a
eoli
an
sa
nd
in
du
nes
a
nd
sa
nd
pla
in
RH
NE
02
22
.76
6111
9.6
310
Qw
. G
entl
e w
ash
slo
pe,
bro
wn
cla
y w
ith
peb
ble
s o
n s
urf
ace
& i
n p
rofi
le.
A-H
Ad
-kd
-HA
EQ
wD
ista
l co
llu
via
l g
rav
el i
n
ou
twa
sh f
an
s
RH
NE
03
22
.707
311
9.70
90
Qx
. M
ulg
a o
n Q
x.
A-H
Ad
-kd
-HA
EQ
wA
llu
via
l ch
an
nel
s a
nd
fl
oo
dp
lain
RH
NE
04
22
.69
0711
9.7
750
Qx
. Q
uat
ern
ary
pla
in-b
row
n s
an
dy
cla
y.A
-HA
d-k
d-H
AE
Qw
All
uv
ial
pla
in o
r d
ista
l sh
eet
fl
oo
d f
an
RH
NE
05
22
.675
711
9.8
410
Cz
k.
Ca
lcre
te &
sn
ak
ewo
od
; d
eep
red
-bro
wn
gri
tty
cla
y w
ith
ca
lcre
te.
A-H
Ad
-kd
-HA
EQ
wA
llu
via
l sa
nd
an
d g
rav
el o
n
fl o
od
pla
in
RH
NE
06
22
.661
111
9.91
90
Cz
k.
Ca
lcre
te.
A-H
Ad
-kd
-HA
EQ
wA
llu
via
l p
lain
; p
oss
ible
ca
lcre
te d
ebri
s
RH
NE
072
2.5
082
119.
784
0Q
a (
sali
ne)
. D
eep
sa
lin
e cl
ay p
rofi
le;
sam
ph
ire
of
Fo
rtes
cue
Ma
rsh
.A
-HA
d-k
d-H
AE
Qa
All
uv
ial
silt
an
d c
lay
on
fl
oo
dp
lain
RH
NE
08
22
.451
811
9.97
60
AH
m.
Ba
nd
ed i
ron
sto
ne
Ner
ra M
am
ba
Fo
rmat
ion
; m
ass
ive
rock
wit
h
skel
eta
l su
rfac
e so
il.
A-H
Am
-cib
-HA
EC
oll
uv
ial
foo
tslo
pes
wit
h
ferr
ug
ino
us
gra
vel
an
d r
ock
d
ebri
s
RH
NE
09
22
.415
411
9.98
40
AF
jc.
Jeer
ina
h F
orm
atio
n p
elit
e &
th
in b
edd
ed m
etad
olo
mit
e; s
ton
y p
rofi
le/
ma
ssiv
e m
etad
olo
mit
e.A
-FO
j-x
s-b
-HA
EC
oll
uv
ial
gra
vel
or
lag
on
b
edro
ck r
ise
RH
NE
102
2.1
178
119.
8770
Cz
p.
Cen
oz
oic
pis
oli
te p
lain
wit
h s
urf
ace
of
late
rite
gra
vel
wit
h d
eser
t v
arn
ish
; d
eep
gra
vel
ly c
lay
pro
fi le
.A
-FO
m-b
-HA
EE
nrb
-cip
Fer
rug
ino
us
gra
vel
; co
llu
viu
m o
r la
g
RH
NE
112
2.0
947
119.
753
0A
Fk
. K
yle
na B
asa
lt;
red
-bro
wn
ha
rd s
ton
y c
lay
pro
fi le
.A
-FO
k-b
-HA
EC
oll
uv
ial
foo
tslo
pes
to
b
edro
ck r
ises
RH
NE
122
2.0
853
119.
704
0A
gsm
. S
ha
llo
w b
row
n g
ritt
y c
lay
ov
er d
eco
mp
osi
ng
gra
nit
e sh
eet
; g
ran
ito
id
un
du
lati
ng
pla
in.
A-g
-PS
Co
llu
viu
m a
nd
bed
rock
d
ebri
s
RH
NW
012
2.5
35
011
8.97
70P
hb
. P
hb
slo
pe
wit
h m
ass
ive
sheet
ba
nd
ed i
ron
fo
rmat
ion
wit
h s
urf
ace
stre
w &
sk
elet
al
soil
in
th
in d
isco
nti
nu
ou
s su
rfac
e.P
_-H
Ab
-cib
Co
llu
viu
m a
nd
bed
rock
d
ebri
s o
n u
pp
er s
lop
es o
f ri
dg
e
RH
NW
02
22
.5358
118.
998
0C
zr.
Cz
r h
aem
atit
e; G
oet
hit
e d
epo
sits
on
ba
nd
ed i
ron
fo
rmat
ion
& a
dja
cen
t sc
ree
dep
osi
ts;
sheet
ro
ck &
peb
ble
s; s
nap
py
gu
m,
op
en G
revi
llea,
Aca
cia,
Tr
iodi
a.A
-HA
s-x
sl-c
iC
zr
Co
llu
viu
m a
nd
bed
rock
d
ebri
s o
n u
pp
er s
lop
es o
f ri
dg
e
RH
NW
03
22
.46
65
119.
02
30
Qx
. p
lain
sa
nd
y c
lay
wit
h r
ock
fra
gm
ents
in
pro
fi le
.A
-HA
d-k
d-H
AE
C1f
Sh
eet
-fl o
od
fa
n o
r d
ista
l co
llu
viu
m i
n o
utw
ash
fa
ns
RH
NW
04
22
.33
46
118.
989
0Q
a. C
oo
lib
ah
op
en w
oo
dla
nd
to
15 m
, A
caci
a a
nd
Hak
ea.
A-H
Ad
-kd
-HA
EQ
aA
llu
via
l v
all
ey fl
at
or
fl o
od
pla
in
Sit
eL
at
SL
on
g E
Ha
bit
at
De
scri
pti
on
(b
y s
ite s
ele
ctio
n t
ea
m)
Be
dro
ckR
eg
oli
thP
ho
to I
nte
rpre
tati
on
RH
NW
05
22
.317
511
8.98
00
Qa.
Cra
ckin
g c
lay
Qa
fl a
t w
ith
tu
sso
ck g
rass
of
Eri
achn
e be
ntha
mii.
A-H
Ad
-kd
-HA
EQ
aA
llu
via
l si
lt a
nd
cla
y i
n
fl o
od
pla
in
![Page 44: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
46 N.L. McKenzie, S. van Leeuwen, A.M. Pinder
RH
NW
06
22
.301
811
9.01
30
Qa.
Cla
y w
ith
su
rfac
e st
rew
; S
na
kew
oo
d,
Pti
lotu
s, t
uss
ock
gra
ss.
A-H
Ad
-kd
-HA
EC
1fC
oll
uv
ial
an
d a
llu
via
l g
rav
els
in f
an
or
fl o
od
pla
in
RH
NW
072
2.2
217
119.
02
50
AH
m.
Ma
rra
Ma
mb
a b
an
ded
iro
n f
orm
atio
n o
n l
ow
ro
llin
g h
ills
wit
h s
ton
y
soil
; sh
all
ow
co
ver
.A
-HA
m-c
ib-H
AE
All
uv
ial
va
lley
fl o
or
wit
h
som
e b
ou
lder
s
RH
NW
08
22
.10
68
119.
001
0C
zc.
Ch
ich
este
r T
ab
lela
nd
s cr
ack
ing
& h
eav
ing
cla
y w
ith
tu
sso
ck g
rass
lan
d.
A-F
Om
-b-H
AE
R2C
bVb
All
uv
ial
or
dis
tal
coll
uv
ial
gra
vel
; re
lict
va
lley
fi l
l
RH
NW
09
22
.06
88
118.
979
0A
Ftc
. B
edd
ed d
olo
mit
e &
pel
ite;
un
du
lati
ng
up
lan
ds
of
Ch
ich
este
r R
an
ge;
re
d c
lay
ey &
ro
cky
str
ata w
ith
ou
tcro
ps.
A-F
Om
-b-H
AE
Bed
rock
ris
e w
ith
th
in
pro
xim
al
coll
uv
ium
RH
NW
102
2.1
347
119.
024
0A
Fm
. u
pp
er s
cree
slo
pe.
A-F
Oj-
xs-
b-H
AE
Co
llu
viu
m a
nd
bed
rock
d
ebri
s
RH
NW
112
2.2
941
119.
061
0Q
a. M
ulg
a g
rov
e o
n Q
a-c
oll
apsi
ng
cla
y w
ith
so
me
sna
kew
oo
d.
A-H
Ad
-kd
-HA
EC
1fS
heet
-fl o
od
fa
n o
r d
ista
l co
llu
viu
m i
n o
utw
ash
fa
ns
RH
NW
122
2.3
469
119.
010
0Q
a. S
ali
ne
clay
wit
h s
am
ph
ire.
A-H
Ad
-kd
-HA
EW
1F
loo
dp
lain
; a
llu
via
l si
lt a
nd
sa
nd
RH
NW
132
2.3
614
119.
007
0C
zk
. C
ali
che
La
nd
Sy
stem
.A
-HA
d-k
d-H
AE
C1
Co
llu
via
l fo
ots
lop
e g
rav
el
TC
MB
C01
23.
36
38
117.
625
0Q
s. P
lain
of
fi rm
pa
le s
an
d w
ith
so
me
clay
in
pro
fi le
. S
trew
of
fi n
e b
uck
sho
t o
n s
urf
ace
in p
lace
s. A
shb
urt
on
Reg
ion
.P
_-W
YU
-xs-
kQ
aA
llu
via
l fl
oo
dp
lain
an
d
ov
erb
an
k d
epo
sits
TC
MB
C02
23.
36
00
117.
68
40
Cz
c. S
ma
ll r
ise
in g
ibb
er p
lain
am
on
g g
entl
y r
oll
ing
hil
ls o
f A
shb
urt
on
R
egio
n.
Deep
cla
y p
rofi
le w
ith
sto
ny
su
rfac
e st
rew
& s
om
e b
ou
lder
s.
Sca
tter
ed m
ulg
a o
ver
sn
ak
ewo
od
.P
_-W
YU
-xs-
kC
zc
Co
llu
via
l g
rav
el o
r la
g o
n
bed
rock
ris
e
TC
MB
C0
32
3.3
392
117.
8020
Cz
k.
Slo
pe
of
roll
ing
ca
lcre
te h
ills
& m
esa
s. C
alc
are
ou
s cl
ay s
oil
wit
h s
om
e h
ard
sil
iceo
us
calc
rete
th
rou
gh
pro
fi le
& s
urf
ace
stre
w o
f ca
lcre
te,
ba
salt
&
iro
nst
on
e p
ebb
les.
Re-w
ork
ed.
P_-W
YU
-xs-
kC
zc
Co
llu
via
l fo
ots
lop
es t
o
calc
rete
ris
es
TC
MB
C0
42
3.3
347
117.
8770
Cz
c. G
entl
e sl
op
e b
elo
w B
rock
ma
n I
ron
(H
b) h
ill.
Deep
cla
y w
ith
gri
t &
ir
on
sto
ne
thro
ug
h p
rofi
le &
su
rfac
e st
rew
of
iro
nst
on
es,
cob
ble
s &
gib
ber
w
ith
so
me
larg
e b
ou
lder
s.P
_-W
YU
-xs-
kC
zc
Sh
eet
-fl o
od
or
coll
uv
ial
fan
; g
rav
el
TC
MB
C0
52
3.31
83
117.
870
0H
b.
Bro
ckm
an
Iro
n r
idg
e-t
op
& s
teep
up
per
slo
pe.
Sk
elet
al
red
cla
y i
n
po
cket
s &
dep
ress
ion
s b
etw
een
ma
ssiv
e b
an
ded
iro
n s
cree
& o
utc
rop
s.
Ro
cky
str
ew o
n s
urf
ace.
P_-H
Ab
-cib
Co
llu
via
l g
rav
el o
r la
g o
n
bed
rock
ris
e
TC
MB
C0
62
3.41
9311
7.8
410
Wb
. C
heel
a S
pri
ng
Ba
salt
. S
teep
scr
ee
slo
pe
wit
h m
ass
ive
ou
tcro
ps
&
skel
eta
l g
ritt
y r
ed-b
row
n s
oil
wit
h r
ock
in
pro
fi le
in
cre
vic
es &
sh
all
ow
p
ock
ets
wit
h s
urf
ace
stre
w o
f b
asa
lt f
rag
men
ts.
P_-W
YU
-xs-
kC
oll
uv
ial
slo
pes
an
d
bed
rock
deb
ris
TC
MB
C07
23.
4161
117.
870
0Q
a. P
lain
of
Qu
ater
na
ry a
llu
via
l cl
ay s
oil
. D
eep
cla
y w
ith
peb
ble
s th
rou
gh
p
rofi
le.
Su
rfac
e co
ver
ed i
n p
ebb
les
in r
un
-off
are
as.
P_-W
YL
-xs-
bQ
aA
llu
via
l si
lt a
nd
cla
y i
n
va
lley
fl a
t
TC
MB
C0
82
3.37
5811
7.9
90
0C
zc.
Red
cla
y s
lop
e o
ver
ha
rdp
an
or
du
ricr
ust
. S
ton
es,
cob
ble
s &
ro
cks
thro
ug
h p
rofi
le.
P_-H
Aj-
xci
-od
Cz
cS
heet
-fl o
od
or
coll
uv
ial
fan
; g
rav
el;
dis
tal
or
rew
ork
ed
![Page 45: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Pilbara Biodiversity Survey Introduction 47
TC
MB
C0
92
3.3
361
118.
036
0H
j. M
od
erat
ely
ste
ep s
lop
e o
n s
ide
of
Weel
i W
oll
i ir
on
sto
ne
hil
l. R
ed-b
row
n
clay
pro
fi le
co
nta
inin
g r
ock
s &
ma
ntl
e o
f b
an
ded
iro
n r
ock
s &
bo
uld
ers,
o
ver
lyin
g m
ass
ive
iro
nst
on
e.P
_-H
Aj-
xci
-od
Bed
rock
deb
ris
an
d
pro
xim
al
coll
uv
ial
gra
vel
on
lo
w h
ill
TC
MB
C10
23.
28
48
118.
1010
Ql.
Riv
erin
e co
ars
e g
ritt
y s
an
d a
llu
viu
m w
ith
ca
lcre
te &
ca
lca
reo
us
con
glo
mer
ate
as
cob
ble
s &
peb
ble
s, &
ma
ssiv
e ca
lcre
te a
t d
epth
. R
iver
Gu
ms
etc.
P_-T
K-s
Qa
All
uv
ial
cha
nn
el a
nd
o
ver
ba
nk
dep
osi
ts
TC
MB
C11
23.
2869
118.
124
0C
zk
. M
ass
ive
sheet
ca
lcre
te s
up
erfi
cia
lly
ma
ntl
ed b
y d
eco
mp
osi
ng
ca
lcre
te
frag
men
ts,
rock
s, b
ou
lder
s &
gib
ber
in
lig
ht
bro
wn
cla
y m
atri
x.
Op
ali
ne
frag
men
ts o
n s
urf
ace.
P_-T
K-s
Cz
kC
alc
rete
gra
vel
an
d
coll
uv
ium
TC
MB
C12
23.
293
411
8.15
60
Qw
. F
lat
pla
in o
f g
ritt
y r
ed c
lay
wit
h s
urf
ace
stre
w o
f ro
cks
& p
ebb
les.
S
ton
es i
n p
rofi
le &
ha
rdp
an
at
20–
30
cm
.P
_-T
K-s
Cz
cD
ista
l co
llu
via
l g
rav
el i
n
sheet
-fl o
od
fa
ns
TC
MB
E01
22
.571
311
8.3
070
Cz
c. U
nd
ula
tin
g s
ton
y v
all
ey fl
oo
r o
f in
cise
d C
eno
zo
ic c
oll
uv
ium
. R
ock
fr
agm
ents
& fi
ne
gra
vel
in
a r
ed c
lay
mat
rix
wit
h g
rav
elly
& s
ton
y s
urf
ace
cov
er.
P_-H
Ab
-cib
Cz
cC
oll
uv
ial
gra
vel
in
fo
ots
lop
es t
o l
ow
hil
ls
TC
MB
E02
22
.58
3911
8.29
10Q
w.
Gen
tle
foo
tslo
pe
ou
twa
sh o
f Q
uat
ern
ary
co
llu
viu
m &
all
uv
ium
—re
d-
bro
wn
sa
nd
y c
lay
wit
h r
ock
fra
gm
ents
in
pro
fi le
& a
s su
rfac
e st
rew
.A
-HA
s-x
sl-c
iQ
wC
oll
uv
ial
gra
vel
in
fo
ots
lop
es
TC
MB
E0
32
2.6
215
118.
351
0P
Hj.
Gen
tle
foo
tslo
pe
bel
ow
a l
ow
ba
nd
ed i
ron
rid
ge.
Red
cla
y p
rofi
le
con
tain
ing
ro
ck f
rag
men
ts w
ith
sm
all
an
gu
lar
rock
fra
gm
ents
as
surf
ace
stre
w.
P_-H
Aj-
xci
-od
Co
llu
via
l g
rav
el i
n
foo
tslo
pes
TC
MB
E0
42
2.6
207
118.
315
0Q
w.
Pla
in o
f Q
uat
ern
ary
all
uv
ium
& c
oll
uv
ium
; o
utw
ash
fro
m P
hb
hil
ls.
Sa
nd
y r
ed c
lay
wit
h s
ma
ll r
ock
fra
gm
ents
in
pro
fi le
& a
s su
rfac
e st
rew
.P
_-H
Aj-
xci
-od
Qw
Dis
tal
coll
uv
ial
gra
vel
in
lo
wer
slo
pes
an
d f
an
s
TC
MB
E0
52
2.6
09
911
8.29
90
Ph
b.
Ste
ep h
ill
slo
pe
of
Bro
ckm
an
ba
nd
ed i
ron
fo
rmat
ion
. M
ass
ive
rock
o
utc
rop
& b
ou
lder
s w
ith
bro
ken
dec
ayin
g r
ock
in
sh
all
ow
cla
y m
atri
x
inco
mp
lete
ly m
an
tlin
g s
lop
e.P
_-H
Ab
-cib
Bed
rock
ou
tcro
ps
an
d
pro
xim
al
coll
uv
ial
gra
vel
on
lo
w h
ill
TC
MB
E0
62
2.6
35
611
8.2
260
Qa.
Mo
un
t B
ruce
fl a
ts.
Cla
yp
lain
wit
h h
ard
pa
n o
f ir
on
sto
ne
at 2
0 c
m.
A-H
Ad
-kd
-HA
SQ
aA
llu
via
l p
lain
; g
rav
elly
sil
t a
nd
cla
y
TC
MB
E07
22
.714
811
8.26
50
Cz
k.
Cen
oz
oic
ca
lcre
te v
all
ey fi
ll
on
un
du
lati
ng
pla
in w
ith
in
cise
d d
rain
age.
D
ecay
ing
ca
lcre
te f
rag
men
ts &
co
ars
e ir
on
sto
ne
gra
vel
(a
ng
ula
r) i
n d
eep
cl
ay m
atri
x o
ver
lyin
g d
ecay
ing
ca
lcre
te s
heet
ov
er d
eep
cla
y.A
-HA
m-c
ib-H
AS
Cz
kC
alc
rete
ru
bb
le a
nd
fe
rru
gin
ou
s co
llu
viu
m
TC
MB
E0
82
2.7
23
011
8.26
90
Ql.
Riv
erin
e a
llu
via
l d
epo
sit
of
Tu
ree
Cre
ek.
Co
ars
e a
llu
via
l g
rit
& r
iver
st
on
es a
s lo
w l
evee
ba
nk
in
bed
of
riv
er.
A-H
Am
-cib
-HA
SQ
aA
llu
viu
m i
n s
trea
m c
ha
nn
el
an
d o
ver
ba
nk
dep
osi
ts
TC
MB
E0
92
2.6
123
118.
023
0A
Hm
. H
ills
lop
e o
f m
ass
ive
ba
nd
ed i
ron
ou
tcro
p w
ith
dec
ayin
g r
ock
in
sh
all
ow
cla
y m
atri
x.
A-H
Am
-cib
-HA
SC
zc
Co
llu
via
l g
rav
el o
r la
g i
n
foo
tslo
pes
TC
MB
E10
22
.60
8711
7.93
60
Qb
. H
eav
ing
cla
y. C
rack
ing
& h
eav
ing
cla
y p
rofi
le t
o d
epth
wit
h r
ock
s &
st
on
es.
A-F
Ou
-bb
oC
zc
Ro
cky
rid
ge
wit
h l
ag o
r p
rox
ima
l co
llu
viu
m
TC
MB
E11
22
.66
06
117.
86
40
Afu
. G
entl
e lo
wer
slo
pe
wit
h s
ton
y s
urf
ace
& d
eep
sto
ny
cla
y p
rofi
le.
A-F
Ou
-bb
oC
oll
uv
ial
gra
vel
or
lag
on
b
edro
ck r
ise
Sit
eL
at
SL
on
g E
Ha
bit
at
De
scri
pti
on
(b
y s
ite s
ele
ctio
n t
ea
m)
Be
dro
ckR
eg
oli
thP
ho
to I
nte
rpre
tati
on
![Page 46: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
48 N.L. McKenzie, S. van Leeuwen, A.M. Pinder
TC
MB
E12
22
.68
00
117.
84
80
Afu
. H
illt
op
an
d m
ass
ive
scre
e u
pp
er s
lop
e &
sh
eet
ou
tcro
p (
vo
lca
nic
fl o
w)
wit
h d
ecay
ing
ro
ck i
n a
sh
all
ow
cla
y m
atri
x.
A-F
Ou
-bb
oB
edro
ck r
idg
e
TC
MB
E13
22
.69
9111
7.81
60
Ab
. M
ass
ive
scre
e sl
op
e (s
teep
) o
f b
asa
lt w
ith
are
as
of
dec
om
po
sin
g b
asa
lt i
n
sha
llo
w c
lay
mat
rix
.A
-FO
-od
-HA
SB
edro
ck,
incl
ud
ing
co
rest
on
es
TC
MB
W01
22
.826
711
7.37
10A
gm
. G
ran
ito
id s
lop
e w
ith
ell
uv
ial
soil
pro
fi le
of
gri
tty
sa
nd
gra
nit
ic s
oil
, d
eco
mp
osi
ng
gra
nit
e &
ma
ssiv
e g
ran
ite
sheet
ou
tcro
ps.
A-m
gn
-PR
KB
edro
ck;
san
d a
nd
gra
vel
in
pro
xim
al
coll
uv
ial
foo
tslo
pes
TC
MB
W02
22
.83
44
117.
38
00
Ag
m.
Gra
nit
oid
pla
in o
f re
d s
an
d s
oil
wit
h s
om
e cl
ay i
n p
rofi
le &
sm
all
g
rav
el f
rag
men
ts o
n s
urf
ace.
A-m
gn
-PR
KC
oll
uv
ial
foo
tslo
pes
to
b
edro
ck r
ises
; sa
nd
an
d
min
or
gra
vel
TC
MB
W0
32
2.8
08
411
7.47
70C
zp
. P
iso
liti
c d
uri
cru
st.
(sim
ila
r to
CzL
) S
kel
eta
l re
d-b
row
n g
ritt
y c
lay
ov
er
ma
ssiv
e la
teri
tise
d i
ron
sto
ne
wh
ich
is
exp
ose
d a
s su
rfac
e ca
pp
ing
in
pla
ces.
S
oil
su
rfac
e co
ver
ed i
n r
ock
s &
gra
vel
.A
-FO
h-x
s-b
-HA
SC
zp
Fer
rug
ino
us
bed
rock
deb
ris
an
d p
rox
ima
l co
llu
via
l g
rav
el o
n r
ises
TC
MB
W0
42
2.7
979
117.
493
0A
fo.
Up
per
slo
pe
& t
op
of
a m
eta
ba
salt
ic h
ill.
Sh
all
ow
sk
elet
al
gri
tty
cla
y
inco
mp
lete
ly m
an
tlin
g m
ass
ive
ba
salt
su
rfac
e o
f sc
ree,
ro
cks
& b
ou
lder
s.A
-FO
o-b
bo
Co
llu
via
l fo
ots
lop
es t
o
rise
; si
lice
ou
s ro
ck d
ebri
s;
adja
cen
t to
all
uv
ial
cha
nn
el
TC
MB
W0
52
2.7
197
117.
5120
Cz
k.
Ca
lcre
te r
idg
e &
slo
pe
of
dec
om
po
sin
g w
hit
e/b
row
n c
lay
ov
er m
ass
ive
calc
rete
at
20 c
m d
epth
. C
alc
rete
& q
ua
rtz
ite
frag
men
ts &
gra
vel
on
su
rfac
e w
ith
so
me
iro
nst
on
e.P
_-H
Aw
-fr
Cz
kC
alc
rete
mo
un
d
TC
MB
W0
62
2.6
661
117.
6120
Hb
. B
an
ded
Iro
n r
idg
e. S
teep
ou
tcro
p s
lop
es &
scr
ee.
Sk
elet
al
gri
t in
cr
evic
es &
po
cket
s b
etw
een
ro
cks
& b
ou
lder
s o
n s
teep
slo
pe
wit
h o
utc
rop
s.P
_-H
Ab
-cib
Co
llu
via
l fo
ots
lop
es b
elo
w
bed
rock
ou
tcro
p
TC
MB
W07
22
.50
45
117.
65
00
Qc.
Gen
tle
red
cla
y s
lop
e w
ith
su
rfac
e st
rew
of
bu
cksh
ot,
gra
vel
& l
arg
e ir
on
sto
ne
rock
fra
gm
ents
.A
-FO
p-b
sQ
wD
ista
l g
rav
ely
co
llu
viu
m i
n
sheet
-fl o
od
fa
n
TC
MB
W0
82
2.5
037
117.
704
0Q
w.
Fla
t p
lain
of
crac
kin
g &
mu
lch
ing
gil
ga
i cl
ay w
ith
su
rfac
e st
rew
of
larg
e b
asa
lt r
ock
s &
gra
vel
. S
na
kew
oo
d e
tc.
A-F
Op
-bs
Qa
All
uv
ial
fl o
od
pla
in o
r te
rrac
e g
rav
els
TC
MB
W0
92
2.3
783
117.
467
0C
zc.
Co
llu
via
l sl
op
es b
elo
w i
ron
sto
ne.
Red
cla
y w
ith
sto
nes
in
pro
fi le
&
surf
ace
stre
w o
f st
on
es,
gra
vel
& b
uck
sho
t.A
-FO
u-b
bo
Cz
cD
ista
l co
llu
via
l g
rav
el i
n
sheet
-fl o
od
fa
n;
ero
ded
by
re
cen
t d
rain
age
cha
nn
els
TC
MB
W10
22
.332
611
7.4
85
0Q
a. A
llu
via
l fl
at w
ith
Mu
lga.
Hea
vy
red
cla
y t
o d
epth
wit
h s
om
e su
rfac
e st
rew
of
bu
cksh
ot.
A-H
Ad
-kd
-HA
SQ
wD
ista
l co
llu
viu
m i
n s
heet
-fl
oo
d f
an
TC
MB
W11
22
.320
911
7.47
80
AH
m.
Ma
ssiv
e sh
eet
ou
tcro
p o
f b
an
ded
iro
nst
on
e w
ith
so
me
soil
in
po
cket
s &
su
rfac
e st
rew
of
rock
s &
gra
vel
.A
-HA
m-c
ib-H
AS
Ro
cky
ris
e w
ith
lag
or
pro
xim
al
coll
uv
ium
TC
MB
W12
22
.30
56
117.
481
0Q
a. H
eav
y a
llu
via
l cl
ay,
crac
kin
g w
ith
cra
bh
ole
s &
su
rfac
e st
rew
of
peb
ble
s &
gra
vel
, a
mix
of
qu
art
zit
e, c
alc
rete
& i
ron
sto
ne.
A-H
Ad
-kd
-HA
SQ
aF
loo
dp
lain
sil
t a
nd
cla
y
TC
MB
W13
22
.294
211
7.47
30
Qw
. A
llu
via
l &
co
llu
via
l o
utw
ash
pla
in f
rom
ba
nd
ed i
ron
hil
ls.
Sk
elet
al
gri
tty
red
cla
y w
ith
iro
nst
on
e ro
ck f
rag
men
ts &
bo
uld
ers
thro
ug
h p
rofi
le &
su
rfac
e st
rew
of
rock
s &
peb
ble
s.A
-HA
d-k
d-H
AS
Qw
Dis
tal
coll
uv
ial
gra
vel
in
sh
eet
-fl o
od
fa
n
![Page 47: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Pilbara Biodiversity Survey Introduction 49
WY
E01
22
.789
211
6.57
10H
b.
Bro
ckm
an
Iro
n s
lop
e o
f ra
ng
e w
ith
ro
ck s
cree
on
ma
ssiv
e o
utc
rop
.A
-HA
d-k
d-H
AS
Co
llu
via
l fo
ots
lop
es b
elo
w
bed
rock
ou
tcro
p
WY
E02
22
.7727
116.
5220
Qc.
Deep
cla
y w
ith
sto
ny
su
rfac
e.A
-FO
-bb
-HA
SQ
cC
alc
rete
mo
un
d;
calc
are
ou
s ru
bb
le a
nd
fer
rug
ino
us
coll
uv
ium
WY
E0
32
2.7
402
116.
461
0A
Fr.
Mo
un
t R
oe
Ba
salt
hil
lsid
e; s
ton
y s
cree
ov
er m
ass
ive
ba
salt
.A
-FO
r-b
bg
-HA
SC
oll
uv
ial
foo
tslo
pes
bel
ow
b
edro
ck o
utc
rop
WY
E0
42
2.7
112
116.
40
00
Qa.
Cra
bh
ole
hea
vin
g c
lay
of
va
lley
fl o
or;
deep
cla
y w
ith
su
rfac
e st
rew
.A
-FO
r-b
bg
-HA
SQ
aA
llu
via
l fl
oo
dp
lain
or
terr
ace
gra
vel
s
WY
E0
52
2.5
714
116.
148
0F
b.
Mo
un
t Jo
pe
Vo
lca
nic
s (b
asa
lt)
hil
lsid
e; r
ock
y s
cree/
ma
ssiv
e o
utc
rop
.A
-FO
-bb
-HA
SC
oll
uv
ial
foo
tslo
pe
gra
vel
WY
E0
62
2.4
34
811
5.93
00
Qs.
Qu
ater
na
ry S
an
d s
heet
ass
oci
ated
wit
h g
ran
ito
id s
urf
aces
; d
eep
sa
nd
y-
clay
pro
fi le
.P
_-W
YU
-xs-
kQ
cD
ista
l co
llu
viu
m
WY
E07
22
.419
311
5.8
38
0P
gb
r. G
ran
ito
id p
lain
wit
h o
utc
rop
; g
ritt
y c
lay
pro
fi le
wit
h q
ua
rtz
ite
&
dec
om
po
sin
g g
ran
ite
frag
men
ts i
n p
rofi
le &
ma
ny
ou
tcro
pp
ing
bo
uld
ers
etc.
P_-M
O-m
gQ
cG
ran
itic
bed
rock
ris
e,
incl
ud
ing
co
rest
on
es a
nd
p
rox
ima
l co
llu
viu
m
WY
E0
82
2.4
253
116.
215
0W
ai.
Wy
loo
Gro
up
; A
shb
urt
on
Fo
rmat
ion
; fe
rru
gin
ate
mu
dst
on
e &
ba
nd
ed
iro
n f
orm
atio
n;
sto
nes
/m
ass
ive
rock
, ie
gib
ber
scr
ee
surf
ace.
P_-W
YU
-xs-
kB
edro
ck o
utc
rop
s a
nd
co
llu
via
l g
rav
el o
n l
ow
hil
l
WY
E0
92
2.4
376
116.
274
0W
d.
Du
ck C
reek
do
lom
ite
of
the
Wy
loo
Gro
up
; st
on
y s
urf
ace
ov
er d
olo
mit
e &
mu
dst
on
e o
utc
rop
.P
_-W
YU
-xs-
kB
edro
ck o
utc
rop
s a
nd
th
in
coll
uv
ial
gra
vel
on
lo
w h
ill
WY
E10
22
.43
00
116.
28
00
Tp
. T
erti
ary
pis
oli
te l
ow
hil
ls &
bre
ak
away
sh
eet
pis
oli
te a
t to
p o
f a
bru
pt
rise
.P
_-W
YU
-xs-
kC
oll
uv
ial
gra
vel
or
lag
on
b
edro
ck r
ise
WY
E11
22
.40
80
116.
3720
Wm
. W
ylo
o G
rou
p M
ou
nt
McG
rath
Fo
rmat
ion
; b
ou
lder
scr
ee
on
cla
y w
ith
st
on
es i
n p
rofi
le.
P_-W
YL
-xs-
bQ
cB
edro
ck r
idg
e a
nd
ad
jace
nt
coll
uv
ial
foo
tslo
pes
, w
ith
b
ou
lder
s
WY
E12
22
.410
711
6.39
20W
b.
Wy
loo
Gro
up
Ch
eel
a S
pri
ng
s B
asa
lt;
low
hil
l to
p l
oo
se s
ton
e o
ver
m
ass
ive
sheet
ba
salt
.P
_-W
YL
-xs-
bC
oll
uv
ial
gra
vel
or
lag
on
b
edro
ck r
ise
WY
E13
22
.424
911
6.4
33
0W
g.
Yy
loro
Gro
up
Bea
sley
Riv
er q
ua
rtz
ite;
ro
ck s
cree/
ma
ssiv
e ‘q
ua
rtz
ite’
o
utc
rop
.P
_-W
YL
-xs-
bC
oll
uv
ial
foo
tslo
pe
gra
vel
b
elo
w b
edro
ck o
utc
rop
WY
W01
22
.10
4111
5.56
80
Ia.
Mo
un
t W
ara
mb
oo
Min
nie
Gro
up
, sa
nd
sto
ne
thin
bed
ded
are
nit
e; t
hin
la
yer
of
rock
peb
ble
s &
cla
y o
ver
ma
ssiv
e st
on
e.P
_-M
M-s
Bed
rock
deb
ris
an
d
pro
xim
al
coll
uv
ial
gra
vel
o
n r
ise
WY
W02
22
.120
111
5.57
00
Wa.
Wy
loo
Gro
up
Ash
bu
rto
n F
orm
atio
n;
steep
ly i
ncl
ined
?m
ud
sto
ne;
p
ebb
le s
trew
qu
art
zit
e et
c o
ver
ma
ssiv
e ro
ck w
ith
nea
r-v
erti
cal
stri
kes
.P
_-W
YU
-xs-
k
Bed
rock
ris
e o
r lo
w h
ill,
d
om
inat
ed b
y o
utc
rop
, w
ith
m
ino
r p
rox
ima
l co
llu
via
l d
ebri
s o
r la
g
WY
W0
32
2.1
697
115.
561
0Q
c. S
na
kew
oo
d c
oll
uv
ial
clay
pla
in;
deep
cla
y w
ith
su
rfac
e st
rew
of
gib
ber
.P
_-M
M-s
Qc
Dis
tal
coll
uv
ial
an
d a
llu
via
l g
rav
els
in l
arg
e fa
n o
r fl
oo
dp
lain
![Page 48: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
50 N.L. McKenzie, S. van Leeuwen, A.M. Pinder
Sit
eL
at
SL
on
g E
Ha
bit
at
De
scri
pti
on
(b
y s
ite s
ele
ctio
n t
ea
m)
Be
dro
ckR
eg
oli
thP
ho
to I
nte
rpre
tati
on
WY
W0
42
2.1
88
611
5.55
40
Qs.
Du
ne;
red
sa
nd
du
ne;
deep
red
sa
nd
.P
_-M
M-s
Qs
Aeo
lia
n s
an
d p
lain
WY
W0
52
2.1
933
115.
55
40
Ib.
Mo
un
t B
rod
agee
Min
nie
Gro
up
; (a
ren
ite
& c
on
glo
mer
ate)
; st
on
y s
urf
ace
on
ma
ssiv
e ro
ck.
P_-M
M-s
Co
llu
via
l fo
ots
lop
es b
elo
w
bed
rock
ou
tcro
p
WY
W0
62
2.2
56
011
5.49
10K
n.
Lo
wer
Cre
tace
ou
s W
inn
ing
Gro
up
, N
an
uta
rra S
an
dst
on
e &
sil
tsto
ne
tid
al
& s
up
ra t
ida
l; s
an
dy
cla
yst
on
e at
30
cm
ov
er s
heet
ro
ck.
K-_
na-s
sC
zc
Dis
tal
coll
uv
ial
an
d a
llu
via
l g
rav
els
in l
arg
e fa
n o
r fl
oo
dp
lain
; q
ua
rtz g
rav
el
an
d s
an
d
WY
W07
22
.255
411
5.4
370
Qs.
Sh
eet
ov
er w
ith
lat
e C
eno
zo
ic c
alc
rete
(C
zk
) w
ith
deep
sa
nd
ma
ntl
e;
deep
red
sa
nd
.P
_-M
O-m
gC
zk
All
uv
ial
pla
in o
r d
ista
l sh
eet
fl
oo
d f
an
; si
lty
sa
nd
WY
W0
82
2.4
984
115.
558
0Q
s. ‘
Sa
nd
pla
in’;
deep
red
sa
nd
.P
_-M
R-x
md
-mk
Qc
Aeo
lia
n s
an
d p
lain
WY
W0
92
2.4
64
011
5.6
34
0M
iw.
Ba
ng
ema
ll G
rou
p W
on
gid
a d
olo
mit
e; s
ton
y s
urf
ace
on
ma
ssiv
e o
utc
rop
.P
_-M
EP
1-k
tB
edro
ck o
utc
rop
s a
nd
p
rox
ima
l co
llu
via
l g
rav
el o
n
low
hil
l o
r ri
se
WY
W10
22
.452
311
5.6
610
Mia
. B
an
gem
all
Gro
up
Irr
egu
lly
Sa
nd
sto
ne;
sto
ny
cla
y o
n h
ill
up
per
slo
pe.
P_-M
EP
1-k
tC
oll
uv
ial
foo
tslo
pe
gra
vel
a
nd
lag
on
bed
rock
ris
es
WY
W11
22
.86
35
115.
50
30
Qc.
Qu
ater
na
ry c
oll
uv
ium
; d
eep
cla
y.P
_-M
R-x
md
-mk
Qc
All
uv
ial
cha
nn
els
an
d
fl o
od
pla
in;
silt
y s
an
d
WY
W12
22
.917
911
5.57
80
np
?. M
orr
issy
met
am
orp
hic
su
it o
f m
icro
gn
eiss
& s
chis
t a
s lo
w r
oll
ing
hil
ls;
sto
ny
ou
tcro
p o
n t
op
of
hil
l.P
_-M
R-x
md
-mk
Bed
rock
ou
tcro
ps
an
d
pro
xim
al
coll
uv
ial
gra
vel
o
n r
ise
BE
DR
OC
K C
OD
EN
AM
EL
ITH
OL
OG
Y
A-_
re-b
RE
GA
L F
OR
MA
TIO
NM
ass
ive
an
d p
illo
wed
ba
salt
, w
ith
lo
cal
ko
mat
iiti
c p
erid
oti
te;
min
or
cher
t; m
eta
mo
rph
ose
d
A-C
Dm
-sM
AL
LIN
A F
OR
MA
TIO
NIn
terb
edd
ed s
ha
le,
silt
sto
ne,
sa
nd
sto
ne,
an
d m
ediu
m-
to fi
ne-g
rain
ed w
ack
e; m
eta
mo
rph
ose
d
A-C
Ek
r-g
gK
AR
RA
TH
A G
RA
NO
DIO
RIT
EG
ran
od
iori
te a
nd
to
na
lite
; fo
liat
ed w
ith
lo
cal
com
po
siti
on
al
ba
nd
ing
; m
eta
mo
rph
ose
d
A-F
O-b
b-H
AS
FO
RT
ES
CU
E G
RO
UP
Un
ass
ign
ed b
asa
lt
A-F
Ocp
-od
CO
OY
A P
OO
YA
DO
LE
RIT
EF
ine-
to m
ediu
m-g
rain
ed d
ole
rite
sil
l; l
oca
lly
fo
rms
dy
kes
wit
hin
HA
RD
EY
FO
RM
AT
ION
A-F
Oh
-xs-
b-H
AS
HA
RD
EY
FO
RM
AT
ION
Sa
nd
sto
ne;
mu
dst
on
e; s
ilts
ton
e; c
on
glo
mer
ate;
fel
sic
an
d m
afi
c v
olc
an
ic s
an
dst
on
e a
nd
co
ng
lom
erat
e; a
nd
b
asa
ltic
fl o
ws
an
d b
recc
ia;
met
am
orp
ho
sed
A-F
Oh
-xs-
f-H
AE
HA
RD
EY
FO
RM
AT
ION
Sed
imen
tary
an
d f
elsi
c v
olc
an
ic r
ock
s; l
oca
l in
tru
siv
e ro
cks
A-F
Oh
-xs-
f-H
AM
HA
RD
EY
FO
RM
AT
ION
Sed
imen
tary
an
d f
elsi
c v
olc
an
ic r
ock
s; l
oca
l in
tru
siv
e ro
cks
A-F
Oh
-xs-
f-H
AW
HA
RD
EY
FO
RM
AT
ION
Sed
imen
tary
an
d f
elsi
c v
olc
an
ic r
ock
s; l
oca
l in
tru
siv
e ro
cks
A-F
Oj-
xs-
b-H
AE
JEE
RIN
AH
FO
RM
AT
ION
Mu
dst
on
e; s
ilts
ton
e; s
an
dst
on
e; c
her
t; m
ass
ive
ba
salt
ic fl
ow
s; b
asa
ltic
pil
low
lav
a; b
asa
ltic
bre
ccia
; a
nd
m
ino
r fe
lsic
vo
lca
nic
last
ic r
ock
; in
tru
ded
by
nu
mer
ou
s d
ole
rite
sil
ls;
met
am
orp
ho
sed
![Page 49: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Pilbara Biodiversity Survey Introduction 51
A-F
Oj-
xs-
b-H
AW
JEE
RIN
AH
FO
RM
AT
ION
Mu
dst
on
e; s
ilts
ton
e; s
an
dst
on
e; c
her
t; m
ass
ive
ba
salt
ic fl
ow
s; b
asa
ltic
pil
low
lav
a; b
asa
ltic
bre
ccia
; a
nd
m
ino
r fe
lsic
vo
lca
nic
last
ic r
ock
; in
tru
ded
by
nu
mer
ou
s d
ole
rite
sil
ls;
met
am
orp
ho
sed
A-F
Ok
-b-H
AE
KY
LE
NA
FO
RM
AT
ION
Ma
ssiv
e, a
my
gd
alo
ida
l, o
r v
esic
ula
r b
asa
lt a
nd
ba
salt
ic a
nd
esit
e; l
oca
l k
om
atii
tic
ba
salt
, d
acit
e a
nd
rh
yo
lite
A-F
Ok
-b-H
AW
KY
LE
NA
FO
RM
AT
ION
Ma
ssiv
e, a
my
gd
alo
ida
l, o
r v
esic
ula
r b
asa
lt a
nd
ba
salt
ic a
nd
esit
e; l
oca
l k
om
atii
tic
ba
salt
, d
acit
e a
nd
rh
yo
lite
A-F
Om
-b-H
AE
MA
DD
INA
FO
RM
AT
ION
Ma
ssiv
e, a
my
gd
alo
ida
l, o
r v
esic
ula
r b
asa
lt a
nd
ba
salt
ic a
nd
esit
e; l
oca
l k
om
atii
tic
ba
salt
, d
acit
e a
nd
rh
yo
lite
A-F
Om
-b-H
AW
MA
DD
INA
FO
RM
AT
ION
Ma
ssiv
e, a
my
gd
alo
ida
l, o
r v
esic
ula
r b
asa
lt a
nd
ba
salt
ic a
nd
esit
e; l
oca
l k
om
atii
tic
ba
salt
, d
acit
e a
nd
rh
yo
lite
A-F
Oo
-bb
oB
OO
NG
AL
FO
RM
AT
ION
Pil
low
ed a
nd
ma
ssiv
e b
asa
ltic
fl o
ws;
ba
salt
ic b
recc
ia;
silt
sto
ne;
mu
dst
on
e; m
ino
r ch
ert;
met
am
orp
ho
sed
A-F
O-o
d-H
AS
FO
RT
ES
CU
E G
RO
UP
Do
leri
te d
yk
e o
r si
ll
A-F
Op
-bs
PY
RA
DIE
FO
RM
AT
ION
Py
rox
ene
spin
ifex
-tex
ture
d b
asa
ltic
fl o
ws
an
d p
illo
w l
ava;
ma
fi c
vo
lca
nic
last
ic r
ock
; m
ino
r ch
ert;
lo
cal
ko
mat
iite
; m
eta
mo
rph
ose
d
A-F
Or-
bb
g-H
AS
MO
UN
T R
OE
BA
SA
LT
Am
yg
da
loid
al
ba
salt
ic fl
ow
s a
nd
bre
ccia
; a
nd
ba
salt
ic v
olc
an
icla
stic
sa
nd
sto
ne;
met
am
orp
ho
sed
A-F
Or-
b-H
AE
MO
UN
T R
OE
BA
SA
LT
Am
yg
da
loid
al
ba
salt
ic fl
ow
s a
nd
bre
ccia
; a
nd
ba
salt
ic v
olc
an
icla
stic
sa
nd
sto
ne;
met
am
orp
ho
sed
A-F
Or-
b-H
AM
MO
UN
T R
OE
BA
SA
LT
Am
yg
da
loid
al
ba
salt
ic fl
ow
s a
nd
bre
ccia
; a
nd
ba
salt
ic v
olc
an
icla
stic
sa
nd
sto
ne;
met
am
orp
ho
sed
A-F
Or-
b-H
AW
MO
UN
T R
OE
BA
SA
LT
Am
yg
da
loid
al
ba
salt
ic fl
ow
s a
nd
bre
ccia
; a
nd
ba
salt
ic v
olc
an
icla
stic
sa
nd
sto
ne;
met
am
orp
ho
sed
A-F
Ot-
xb
-k-H
AE
TU
MB
IAN
A F
OR
MA
TIO
NB
asa
ltic
vo
lca
nic
ro
cks
an
d c
arb
on
ate
rock
s
A-F
Ot-
xb
-k-H
AW
TU
MB
IAN
A F
OR
MA
TIO
NB
asa
ltic
vo
lca
nic
ro
cks
an
d c
arb
on
ate
rock
s
A-F
Ou
-bb
oB
UN
JIN
AH
FO
RM
AT
ION
Pil
low
ed a
nd
ma
ssiv
e b
asa
ltic
fl o
ws;
ba
salt
ic b
recc
ia;
an
d b
asa
ltic
vo
lca
nic
sa
nd
sto
ne;
min
or
cher
t;
am
yg
da
loid
al
ba
salt
fl o
ws
occ
ur
in u
pp
er p
art
s o
f fo
rmat
ion
; m
eta
mo
rph
ose
d
A-G
Ce-c
aC
LE
AV
ER
VIL
LE
FO
RM
AT
ION
Ch
ert
an
d b
an
ded
iro
n-f
orm
atio
n;
min
or
fels
ic v
olc
an
icla
stic
ro
ck;
met
am
orp
ho
sed
A-G
C-x
ca-b
GO
RG
E C
RE
EK
GR
OU
PB
an
ded
iro
n f
orm
atio
n,
cher
t, s
ilic
icla
stic
sed
imen
tary
ro
cks,
an
d m
afi
c v
olc
an
ic r
ock
s; m
eta
mo
rph
ose
d
A-G
C-x
ci-s
GO
RG
E C
RE
EK
GR
OU
PB
an
ded
iro
n-f
orm
atio
n a
nd
sil
icic
last
ic s
edim
enta
ry r
ock
; m
eta
mo
rph
ose
d
A-g
-PC
NC
OO
NIN
IA I
NL
IER
Gra
nit
e to
gra
no
dio
rite
; v
ari
ab
ly f
oli
ated
A-g
-PE
MO
UN
T E
DG
AR
GR
AN
ITIC
CO
MP
LE
XU
nd
ivid
ed g
ran
ito
id r
ock
; m
eta
mo
rph
ose
d
A-g
-PL
CA
RL
IND
I G
RA
NIT
IC C
OM
PL
EX
Un
div
ided
gra
nit
oid
ro
ck;
met
am
orp
ho
sed
A-g
-PM
MU
CC
AN
GR
AN
ITIC
CO
MP
LE
XU
nd
ivid
ed g
ran
ito
id r
ock
; m
eta
mo
rph
ose
d
A-g
-PO
CO
RU
NN
A D
OW
NS
GR
AN
ITIC
CO
MP
LE
XU
nd
ivid
ed g
ran
ito
id r
ock
; m
eta
mo
rph
ose
d
A-g
-PS
SH
AW
GR
AN
ITIC
CO
MP
LE
XG
ran
itic
ro
ck;
met
am
orp
ho
sed
A-g
-PS
YS
YL
VA
NIA
IN
LIE
RG
ran
ite
to g
ran
od
iori
te;
va
ria
bly
fo
liat
ed
A-g
-PW
WA
RR
AW
AG
INE
GR
AN
ITIC
CO
MP
LE
XU
nd
ivid
ed g
ran
ito
id r
ock
; m
eta
mo
rph
ose
d
A-g
-PY
YU
LE
GR
AN
ITIC
CO
MP
LE
XG
ran
itic
ro
ck;
met
am
orp
ho
sed
![Page 50: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
52 N.L. McKenzie, S. van Leeuwen, A.M. Pinder
BE
DR
OC
K C
OD
EN
AM
EL
ITH
OL
OG
Y
A-G
R-g
GR
EG
OR
Y R
AN
GE
SU
ITE
Sy
eno
gra
nit
e a
nd
gra
no
ph
yre
; w
ell
foli
ated
, g
nei
ssic
, o
r sh
eare
d
A-H
Ac-
kd
sC
AR
AW
INE
DO
LO
MIT
EM
ass
ive-
to w
ell-
bed
ded
, re
cry
sta
llis
ed d
olo
mit
e, a
nd
str
om
ato
liti
c d
olo
mit
e; m
ino
r ch
ert
A-H
Ad
-kd
-HA
EW
ITT
EN
OO
M F
OR
MA
TIO
NT
hin
- to
med
ium
-bed
ded
do
lom
ite,
do
lom
itic
mu
dst
on
e, c
her
t, a
nd
fel
sic
to m
afi
c v
olc
an
ic s
an
dst
on
e;
met
am
orp
ho
sed
A-H
Ad
-kd
-HA
SW
ITT
EN
OO
M F
OR
MA
TIO
NT
hin
- to
med
ium
-bed
ded
do
lom
ite,
do
lom
itic
mu
dst
on
e, c
her
t, a
nd
fel
sic
to m
afi
c v
olc
an
ic s
an
dst
on
e;
met
am
orp
ho
sed
A-H
Ad
-kd
-HA
WW
ITT
EN
OO
M F
OR
MA
TIO
NT
hin
- to
med
ium
-bed
ded
do
lom
ite,
do
lom
itic
mu
dst
on
e, c
her
t, a
nd
fel
sic
to m
afi
c v
olc
an
ic s
an
dst
on
e;
met
am
orp
ho
sed
A-H
Am
-cib
-HA
EM
AR
RA
MA
MB
A I
RO
N F
OR
MA
TIO
NC
her
t, b
an
ded
iro
n-f
orm
atio
n,
mu
dst
on
e, a
nd
sil
tsto
ne;
met
am
orp
ho
sed
A-H
Am
-cib
-HA
SM
AR
RA
MA
MB
A I
RO
N F
OR
MA
TIO
NC
her
t, b
an
ded
iro
n-f
orm
atio
n,
mu
dst
on
e, a
nd
sil
tsto
ne;
met
am
orp
ho
sed
A-H
Am
-cib
-HA
WM
AR
RA
MA
MB
A I
RO
N F
OR
MA
TIO
NC
her
t, b
an
ded
iro
n-f
orm
atio
n,
mu
dst
on
e, a
nd
sil
tsto
ne;
met
am
orp
ho
sed
A-H
As-
xsl
-ci
MO
UN
T M
cRA
E S
HA
LE
an
d M
OU
NT
S
YL
VIA
FO
RM
AT
ION
Mu
dst
on
e, s
ilts
ton
e, c
her
t, b
an
ded
iro
n-f
orm
atio
n,
an
d d
olo
mit
e; m
eta
mo
rph
ose
d
A-K
Ew
-xf-
sW
YM
AN
FO
RM
AT
ION
Fel
sic
vo
lca
nic
an
d v
olc
an
icla
stic
ro
cks;
lo
cal
cla
stic
sed
imen
tary
ro
cks,
ch
ert
an
d b
asa
lt;
met
am
orp
ho
sed
A-m
gn
-PR
KR
OC
KL
EA
DO
ME
Fo
liat
ed;
gn
eiss
ic;
or
mig
mat
itic
gra
nit
oid
s
A-m
g-P
KK
UR
RA
NA
GR
AN
ITIC
CO
MP
LE
XB
ioti
te m
eta
mo
nz
og
ran
ite
an
d g
nei
ssic
met
agra
no
dio
rite
wit
h g
reen
sto
ne
xen
oli
ths,
fo
liat
ed t
o g
nei
ssic
b
ioti
te m
eta
mo
nz
og
ran
ite
an
d m
eta
syen
og
ran
ite,
an
d m
usc
ov
ite-b
eari
ng
mo
nz
og
ran
ite
A-M
Rer
-gm
ER
AM
UR
RA
MO
NZ
OG
RA
NIT
ES
eria
te b
ioti
te m
on
zo
gra
nit
e co
nta
inin
g m
afi
c sc
hli
eren
an
d v
ein
s o
f p
egm
atit
e; m
eta
mo
rph
ose
d
A-M
R-g
mM
AIT
LA
ND
RIV
ER
SU
PE
RS
UIT
EM
on
zo
gra
nit
e, m
ino
r g
ran
od
iori
te,
loca
lly
K-f
eld
spa
r p
orp
hy
riti
c, a
nd
lo
cal
gn
eiss
ic g
ran
itic
ro
cks
A-M
Rw
h-g
gp
WH
YJA
BB
Y G
RA
NO
DIO
RIT
EF
oli
ated
, m
icro
clin
e p
orp
hy
riti
c h
orn
ble
nd
e g
ran
od
iori
te;
loca
lly
co
nta
ins
xen
oli
ths
of
ton
ali
te g
nei
ss;
met
am
orp
ho
sed
A-N
Uq
-mh
MO
SQ
UIT
O C
RE
EK
FO
RM
AT
ION
Met
am
orp
ho
sed
sa
nd
sto
ne,
sil
tsto
ne,
an
d s
ha
le;
gra
ded
bed
din
g a
nd
lo
cal
cro
ss-b
edd
ing
; in
clu
des
m
eta
mo
rph
ose
d t
urb
idit
e d
epo
sits
A-o
g-P
SY
SY
LV
AN
IA I
NL
IER
Gab
bro
sil
ls a
nd
dy
kes
; m
eta
mo
rph
ose
d
A-O
Pa
n-x
o-a
AN
DO
VE
R I
NT
RU
SIO
NG
ab
bro
, le
uco
gab
bro
, se
rpen
tin
ised
per
ido
tite
an
d d
un
ite,
py
rox
enit
e, a
nd
min
or
an
ort
ho
site
; m
eta
mo
rph
ose
d
AP
_-_
pj-
ccx
PIN
JIA
N C
HE
RT
BR
EC
CIA
Ch
ert
bre
ccia
an
d p
oo
rly
bed
ded
ch
ert
A-P
I-x
b-s
PIL
BA
RA
SU
PE
RG
RO
UP
Ma
fi c
an
d u
ltra
ma
fi c
vo
lca
nic
ro
cks;
min
or
cher
t; m
eta
mo
rph
ose
d
A-R
On
-xca
-fN
ICK
OL
RIV
ER
FO
RM
AT
ION
Ch
ert,
ba
nd
ed i
ron
-fo
rmat
ion
, se
dim
enta
ry c
arb
on
ate
rock
s, f
erru
gin
ou
s si
lici
cla
stic
ro
cks,
qu
art
zo
se
san
dst
on
e, c
on
glo
mer
ate,
fel
sic
vo
lca
nic
an
d i
ntr
usi
ve
rock
s; m
eta
mo
rph
ose
d
A-R
Or-
xb
-uR
UT
H W
EL
L F
OR
MA
TIO
NM
afi
c a
nd
ult
ram
afi
c v
olc
an
ic a
nd
in
tru
siv
e ro
cks;
min
or
cher
t; m
eta
mo
rph
ose
d
A-S
R-g
CO
ON
DIN
A,
CO
OG
LE
GO
NG
, a
nd
SP
EA
R
HIL
L M
ON
ZO
GR
AN
ITE
SY
ou
ng
er g
ran
itic
ro
cks
rela
ted
to
tin
—ta
nta
lum
min
era
lisa
tio
n;
loca
lly
ab
un
da
nt
peg
mat
ite
![Page 51: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Pilbara Biodiversity Survey Introduction 53
A-S
Rn
u-g
mp
NU
MB
AN
A M
ON
ZO
GR
AN
ITE
Med
ium
- to
co
ars
e-g
rain
ed f
eld
spa
r(-q
ua
rtz)
po
rph
yri
tic
mo
nz
og
ran
ite;
ma
ssiv
e to
wea
kly
fo
liat
ed;
loca
l fl
ow
-ali
gn
ed f
eld
spa
r p
hen
ocr
yst
s; l
oca
l g
arn
et-b
eari
ng
peg
mat
ite
an
d g
ran
ite
dy
kes
A-S
Tp
e-g
iP
EA
WA
H G
RA
NO
DIO
RIT
EH
orn
ble
nd
e-b
ioti
te h
igh
-Mg
dio
rite
, g
ran
od
iori
te a
nd
to
na
lite
; m
eta
mo
rph
ose
d
A-S
Tp
t-g
fP
OR
TR
EE
GR
AN
ITE
Alk
ali
gra
nit
e, m
ediu
m-g
rain
ed,
py
rox
ene-b
eari
ng
, fo
liat
ed t
o m
ass
ive;
met
am
orp
ho
sed
A-u
-PS
YS
YL
VA
NIA
IN
LIE
RU
ltra
ma
fi c
rock
; u
nd
ivid
ed;
incl
ud
es m
eta
mo
rph
ose
d p
erid
oti
te;
du
nit
e; p
yro
xen
e p
erid
oti
te;
an
d
serp
enti
nit
e a
nd
ta
lc s
chis
t
A-W
Ap
-fPA
NO
RA
MA
FO
RM
AT
ION
Fel
sic
vo
lca
nic
ro
ck;
loca
l se
dim
enta
ry r
ock
; m
eta
mo
rph
ose
d
A-W
A-x
b-f
WA
RR
AW
OO
NA
GR
OU
PM
afi
c, u
ltra
ma
fi c,
an
d f
elsi
c v
olc
an
ic a
nd
in
tru
siv
e ro
cks,
an
d s
edim
enta
ry r
ock
s; m
eta
mo
rph
ose
d
A-W
C-f
WH
IM C
RE
EK
GR
OU
PF
elsi
c v
olc
an
ic a
nd
sed
imen
tary
ro
cks;
in
terp
rete
d f
rom
aer
om
agn
etic
dat
a
A-W
Cr-
fR
ED
HIL
L V
OL
CA
NIC
SF
elsi
c v
olc
an
icla
stic
ro
cks,
in
tru
siv
e p
orp
hy
riti
c d
acit
e a
nd
dac
itic
to
rh
yo
liti
c la
va;
in
clu
des
deb
ris-
fl o
w,
turb
idit
e a
nd
fl u
via
l fa
cies
; m
eta
mo
rph
ose
d
A-W
Hb
-bB
RA
DL
EY
BA
SAL
TP
illo
w b
asa
lt,
ma
ssiv
e b
asa
lt,
do
leri
te s
ills
, a
nd
min
or
fels
ic t
uff
, sa
nd
sto
ne,
sh
ale
an
d c
her
t;
met
am
orp
ho
sed
CP
-_p
a-s
epg
-CA
PA
TE
RS
ON
FO
RM
AT
ION
Co
ng
lom
erat
e (i
ncl
ud
ing
dia
mic
tite
), s
an
dst
on
e a
nd
sil
tsto
ne;
la
rgel
y g
laci
gen
e
K-_
ca-s
pC
AL
LA
WA
FO
RM
AT
ION
Ver
y fi
ne-
to c
oa
rse-g
rain
ed s
an
dst
on
e, c
on
glo
mer
ate
K-_
na-s
sN
AN
UT
AR
RA
FO
RM
AT
ION
Sil
ty,
fi n
e-
to c
oa
rse-g
rain
ed,
po
orl
y s
ort
ed s
an
dst
on
e, s
ilts
ton
e, c
lay
sto
ne,
gre
ensa
nd
, m
ino
r co
ng
lom
erat
e
K-_
ny
-sp
NA
NU
TA
RR
A F
OR
MA
TIO
N a
nd
Y
AR
RA
LO
OL
A C
ON
GO
ME
RA
TE
Po
orl
y s
ort
ed s
an
dst
on
e (i
n p
lace
s g
lau
con
itic
), c
ob
ble
to
bo
uld
er c
on
glo
mer
ate,
an
d s
ilts
ton
e
K-W
N-s
fl -W
CW
INN
ING
GR
OU
PS
ha
le,
silt
sto
ne,
ma
rl,
an
d b
asa
l sa
nd
sto
ne;
co
mm
on
ly g
lau
con
itic
P_-H
Ab
-cib
BR
OC
KM
AN
IR
ON
FO
RM
AT
ION
Ba
nd
ed i
ron
-fo
rmat
ion
, ch
ert,
mu
dst
on
e, a
nd
sil
tsto
ne;
met
am
orp
ho
sed
P_-H
Aj-
xci
-od
WE
EL
I W
OL
LI
FO
RM
AT
ION
Ba
nd
ed i
ron
-fo
rmat
ion
(o
ften
jasp
ilit
ic),
mu
dst
on
e, s
ilts
ton
e, a
nd
nu
mer
ou
s d
ole
rite
sil
ls;
met
am
orp
ho
sed
P_-H
Ao
-cib
BO
OL
GE
ED
A I
RO
N F
OR
MA
TIO
NF
ine-g
rain
ed,
fi n
ely
la
min
ated
ba
nd
ed i
ron
-fo
rmat
ion
; m
ud
sto
ne,
sil
tsto
ne
an
d c
her
t; m
eta
mo
rph
ose
d
P_-H
Aw
-fr
WO
ON
GA
RR
A R
HY
OL
ITE
Rh
yo
lite
, rh
yo
dac
ite,
rh
yo
liti
c b
recc
ia,
an
d b
an
ded
iro
n-f
orm
atio
n;
met
am
orp
ho
sed
P_-M
EP
1-k
tY
ILG
AT
HE
RR
A a
nd
IR
RE
GU
LL
Y
FO
RM
AT
ION
SS
tro
mat
oli
tic
an
d n
on
-str
om
ato
liti
c d
olo
sto
ne,
do
lom
itic
sil
tsto
ne,
sa
nd
sto
ne,
sil
tsto
ne,
an
d c
on
glo
mer
ate
P_-M
M-s
MO
UN
T M
INN
IE G
RO
UP
Un
div
ided
, q
ua
rtz s
an
dst
on
e, c
on
glo
mer
ate,
sil
tsto
ne
an
d m
ud
sto
ne
P_-M
N-s
MA
NG
AN
ES
E G
RO
UP
Sa
nd
sto
ne,
sil
tsto
ne,
mu
dst
on
e, c
on
glo
mer
ate,
ch
ert
an
d d
olo
sto
ne
P_-M
O-m
gM
OO
RA
RIE
SU
PE
RS
UIT
EF
oli
ated
an
d g
nei
ssic
gra
nit
e
P_-M
R-x
md
-mk
MO
RR
ISS
EY
ME
TA
MO
RP
HIC
SP
elit
ic a
nd
psa
mm
itic
sch
ist;
ca
lc-s
ilic
ate
rock
; m
ino
r a
mp
hib
oli
te
P_-o
dD
ole
rite
dy
ke,
sil
l, a
nd
plu
g;
incl
ud
es c
um
ula
te a
nd
gra
no
ph
yri
c d
iffe
ren
tiat
es
P_-T
K-s
TU
RE
E C
RE
EK
GR
OU
PM
ud
sto
ne;
sil
tsto
ne;
sa
nd
sto
ne;
co
ng
lom
erat
e; l
oca
l st
rom
ato
liti
c d
olo
mit
e; a
nd
ba
salt
; m
eta
mo
rph
ose
d
P_-W
YL
-xs-
bL
OW
ER
WY
LO
O G
RO
UP
Co
ng
lom
erat
e, s
an
dst
on
e, m
ud
sto
ne,
ba
salt
, ch
ert,
an
d l
oca
lly
str
om
ato
liti
c d
olo
mit
e
P_-W
YU
-xs-
kU
PP
ER
WY
LO
O G
RO
UP
Wac
ke,
mu
dst
on
e, f
erru
gin
ou
s m
ud
sto
ne,
ba
nd
ed i
ron
fo
rmat
ion
, ch
ert,
sa
nd
sto
ne,
co
ng
lom
erat
e, f
elsi
c a
nd
ma
fi c
vo
lca
nic
ro
cks,
an
d l
oca
lly
str
om
ato
liti
c d
olo
mit
e
![Page 52: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
54 N.L. McKenzie, S. van Leeuwen, A.M. Pinder
RE
GO
LIT
H C
OD
ER
EG
OL
ITH
A1c
Sa
nd
, si
lt a
nd
gra
vel
in
act
ive
dra
inag
e ch
an
nel
s; i
ncl
ud
es c
lay,
sil
t a
nd
sa
nd
in
po
orl
y d
efi n
ed d
rain
age
cou
rses
on
fl o
od
pla
ins
A1f
cbA
llu
via
l sa
nd
, si
lt a
nd
cla
y o
n fl
oo
dp
lain
s, w
ith
gil
ga
i su
rfac
e in
are
as
of
exp
an
siv
e cl
ay
B1b
Co
ast
al
du
nes
an
d b
each
dep
osi
ts;
shel
ly s
an
d c
on
tain
ing
An
an
da
ra g
ran
osa
; in
clu
des
bac
ksh
ore
dep
osi
ts
C1
Co
llu
via
l sa
nd
, si
lt a
nd
gra
vel
in
ou
twa
sh f
an
s; s
cree
an
d t
alu
s; p
rox
ima
l m
ass
-wa
stin
g d
epo
sits
; u
nco
nso
lid
ated
C1f
Fer
rug
ino
us
coll
uv
ium
; u
nco
nso
lid
ated
sil
t, s
an
d a
nd
ro
ck d
ebri
s; p
rox
ima
l m
ass
-wa
stin
g d
epo
sits
Cz
agC
on
soli
dat
ed a
llu
via
l g
rav
el,
san
d a
nd
sil
t; l
oca
l ca
rbo
nat
e ce
men
t; d
isse
cted
Cz
az
Sil
icifi
ed
an
d f
erru
gin
ised
ch
an
nel
dep
osi
ts;
cem
ente
d q
ua
rtz
ite
an
d b
an
ded
-iro
n f
orm
atio
n c
last
s in
co
ng
lom
erat
e
Cz
cC
oll
uv
ium
; p
art
ly c
on
soli
dat
ed a
nd
co
nso
lid
ated
fer
rug
inis
ed s
ilt,
sa
nd
an
d g
rav
el;
va
lley
-fi l
l d
epo
sits
dis
sect
ed
by
pre
sen
t d
rain
age
Cz
cC
oll
uv
ium
; p
art
ly c
on
soli
dat
ed q
ua
rtz a
nd
ro
ck f
rag
men
ts i
n s
ilt
an
d s
an
d m
atri
x;
old
va
lley
-fi l
l d
epo
sits
; lo
call
y d
eriv
ed
Cz
cbC
oll
uv
ium
, d
isse
cted
by
pre
sen
t-d
ay d
rain
age,
wit
h g
ilg
ai
surf
ace
in a
rea
s o
f ex
pa
nsi
ve
clay
Cz
cgC
oll
uv
ium
; cl
ay,
silt
, sa
nd
an
d g
rav
el d
eriv
ed f
rom
gra
nit
ic r
ock
; v
ari
ab
ly c
on
soli
dat
ed a
nd
dis
sect
ed
Cz
kC
alc
rete
, sa
nd
y l
imes
ton
e; i
n s
heet
s a
nd
len
ses;
old
va
lley
fi l
l
Cz
kC
alc
rete
; im
pu
re e
art
hy
lim
esto
ne
an
d w
hit
e p
orc
ella
nit
e; w
ith
all
uv
ium
at
the
ba
se i
n p
lace
s; c
orr
elat
ed i
n p
art
wit
h O
ak
ov
er F
orm
atio
n
Cz
kC
alc
rete
; lu
mp
y t
o n
od
ula
r o
r m
ass
ive,
au
thig
enic
lim
esto
ne
Cz
kC
alc
rete
; sh
eet
ca
rbo
nat
e u
sua
lly
fo
rmed
in
maj
or
dra
inag
e li
nes
Cz
mM
ills
trea
m F
orm
atio
n;
do
lom
ite
an
d c
alc
are
ou
s d
olo
mit
e, w
ith
sil
cret
e, c
lay
an
d l
oca
l b
asa
l co
ng
lom
erat
e
Cz
os
Oa
ko
ver
Fo
rmat
ion
, u
pp
er u
nit
; v
ug
gy,
wh
ite
to g
rey
op
ali
ne
sili
ca;
sili
cifi
ed c
arb
on
ate;
min
or
calc
are
ou
s sa
nd
sto
ne
Cz
pC
lay
pa
n-d
om
inat
ed t
erra
in;
clay
pa
ns
wit
h l
on
git
ud
ina
l a
nd
net
du
nes
, a
nd
/o
r fl
at d
efl a
tio
n-l
ag s
urf
aces
; cl
ay,
silt
, sa
nd
an
d g
rav
el
Cz
pR
ob
e P
iso
lite
; p
iso
liti
c li
mo
nit
e d
epo
sits
; d
evel
op
ed a
lon
g r
iver
ch
an
nel
s
Cz
rL
ater
ite;
in
clu
des
su
rfi c
ial
hem
atit
e-g
oet
hit
e d
epo
sits
on
ba
nd
ed i
ron
-fo
rmat
ion
an
d a
dja
cen
t sc
ree
dep
osi
ts;
form
s H
am
ersl
ey S
urf
ace
Cz
rkC
alc
rete
; m
ass
ive,
no
du
lar
an
d c
aver
no
us
lim
esto
ne,
va
ria
bly
sil
icifi
ed
; re
sid
ua
l o
rig
in
En
rb-c
ipR
ob
e P
iso
lite
; p
iso
liti
c li
mo
nit
e, g
oet
hit
e a
nd
hem
atit
e d
epo
sits
; d
evel
op
ed a
lon
g p
ala
eod
rain
age
lin
es;
dis
sect
ed b
y p
rese
nt-
day
dra
inag
e
Qa
All
uv
ium
; u
nco
nso
lid
ated
or
pa
rtly
co
nso
lid
ated
sil
t, s
an
d a
nd
gra
vel
; in
dra
inag
e ch
an
nel
s a
nd
ad
jace
nt
fl o
od
pla
ins
Qa
aA
llu
viu
m;
san
d a
nd
gra
vel
in
riv
ers
an
d c
reek
s; c
lay,
sil
t a
nd
sa
nd
in
ch
an
nel
s o
n fl
oo
dp
lain
s
Qa
as
All
uv
ium
; u
nco
nso
lid
ated
sa
nd
, si
lt a
nd
gra
vel
in
dis
cret
e ch
an
nel
bed
s
Qao
Ov
erb
an
k d
epo
sits
; a
llu
via
l sa
nd
, si
lt a
nd
gra
vel
on
fl o
od
pla
ins
adja
cen
t to
ma
in d
rain
age
cha
nn
els
an
d i
nte
rch
an
nel
isl
an
ds;
min
or
clay
Qao
bA
llu
via
l cl
ay a
nd
sil
t d
epo
sits
on
fl o
od
pla
ins
wit
h g
ilg
ai
(cra
bh
ole
) su
rfac
e in
are
as
of
exp
an
siv
e cl
ay
Qao
cA
llu
via
l sa
nd
, si
lt a
nd
cla
y;
mix
ed fl
oo
dp
lain
dep
osi
ts c
ha
ract
eris
ed b
y n
um
ero
us
sma
ll c
lay
pa
ns
Qa
sA
llu
via
l a
nd
aeo
lia
n c
oa
sta
l sa
nd
dep
osi
ts
Qb
All
uv
ium
; u
nco
nso
lid
ated
sa
nd
, g
rav
el a
nd
peb
ble
d;
ov
er k
un
ka
r o
r g
ran
ite
Qc
Co
llu
viu
m a
nd
min
or
all
uv
ium
; q
ua
rtz p
ebb
le a
nd
ro
ck f
rag
men
ts i
n s
ilt
an
d s
an
d;
adja
cen
t to
bed
rock
; sc
ree,
ta
lus
slo
pe
dep
osi
ts
Qe
Co
llu
viu
m a
nd
elu
viu
m;
clay
, h
ard
pa
n,
pa
rtly
fer
rug
inis
ed s
ilt,
sa
nd
an
d g
rav
el d
eriv
ed f
rom
an
d o
ver
lyin
g o
lder
co
llu
viu
m a
nd
cap
rock
![Page 53: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Pilbara Biodiversity Survey Introduction 55
Qg
Co
llu
viu
m;
un
con
soli
dat
ed t
o l
oo
sely
co
nso
lid
ated
pie
dm
on
t d
epo
sits
; sc
ree,
ta
lus
Qh
mM
ari
ne
mu
d a
nd
sil
t o
n s
up
rati
da
l fl
ats;
in
clu
des
in
tert
ida
l d
epo
sits
wit
h m
an
gro
ves
Qh
ms
Co
ast
al
san
d i
n b
each
dep
osi
ts a
nd
du
nes
; ch
iefl
y m
ari
ne
san
d r
ewo
rked
by
win
d,
bu
t in
clu
des
so
me
rew
ork
ed a
llu
viu
m n
ear
del
tas;
sh
elly
sa
nd
co
nta
ins
Ana
ndra
gra
nosa
(M
ala
ysi
an
Co
ckle
)
Qh
mu
Sil
t a
nd
mu
d i
n s
up
rati
da
l to
in
tert
ida
l fl
ats
an
d l
ago
on
s
Ql
Flo
od
dep
osi
ts;
un
con
soli
dat
ed fl
uv
iati
le a
nd
sh
eet
-fl o
od
dep
osi
ts i
n l
evees
, ri
ver
ter
race
s
Qp
Elu
viu
m a
nd
all
uv
ium
; re
sid
ua
l ‘h
igh
lev
el’
clay
an
d s
an
dy
cla
y p
lain
wit
h g
ilg
ais
; in
term
itte
nt
ven
eer
of
all
uv
ium
; re
sid
ua
l d
epo
sits
of
san
d,
gra
vel
an
d p
ebb
les;
sh
eet
ku
nk
ar
in p
lace
s
Qp
mb
Co
ast
al
lim
esto
ne;
lim
e-c
emen
ted
sh
elly
sa
nd
, d
un
e sa
nd
an
d b
each
co
ng
lom
erat
e
Qp
tE
luv
ium
; re
sid
ua
l, u
nco
nso
lid
ated
or
loo
sely
co
nso
lid
ated
, lo
w-a
ng
le s
lop
e d
epo
sits
; a
ng
ula
r to
su
bro
un
ded
sh
ale
an
d i
ron
sto
ne
frag
men
ts;
qu
art
z a
nd
qu
art
zit
e p
ebb
les
Qr
All
uv
ium
; u
nco
nso
lid
ated
fl u
via
tile
sed
imen
ts
Qrg
Qu
art
zo
feld
spat
hic
elu
via
l sa
nd
, w
ith
qu
art
z a
nd
ro
ck f
rag
men
ts;
ov
erly
ing
an
d d
eriv
ed f
rom
gra
nit
ic r
ock
Qs
Aeo
lia
n s
an
d;
lig
ht
to d
ark
red
sa
nd
in
sh
eet
s, a
nd
lo
ng
itu
din
al
(sei
f) a
nd
ch
ain
du
nes
Qsf
Aeo
lia
n s
an
d w
ith
lag
dep
osi
ts;
iro
nst
on
e-p
ebb
le,
rock
-fra
gm
ent,
or
qu
art
z-p
ebb
le v
eneer
; in
sh
eet
s a
nd
bet
ween
du
nes
Qw
Lo
w-g
rad
ien
t sh
eet
wa
sh d
epo
sits
; re
d-b
row
n s
an
dy
an
d c
lay
ey a
llu
viu
m a
nd
co
llu
viu
m a
nd
peb
ble
s o
n d
ista
l o
utw
ash
fa
ns;
no
defi
ned
d
rain
age;
dis
tin
ctiv
e v
eget
atio
n;
stri
ped
ph
oto
to
ne
Qw
bS
heet
wa
sh c
lay
an
d s
ilt
in d
ista
l o
utw
ash
fa
ns,
wit
h g
ilg
ai
(cra
bh
ole
) su
rfac
e in
are
as
of
exp
an
siv
e cl
ay
Qw
cS
heet
wa
sh s
an
d,
silt
an
d c
lay
in
dis
tal
ou
twa
sh f
an
s, w
ith
nu
mer
ou
s cl
ayp
an
s a
nd
min
or
clay
-fi l
led
dra
inag
es
Qw
gS
heet
wa
sh s
an
d a
nd
qu
art
z p
ebb
les
ov
erly
ing
an
d d
eriv
ed f
rom
gra
nit
oid
ro
cks
R1t
pa
Res
idu
al
bo
uld
ers,
co
bb
les
an
d p
ebb
les
in c
lay,
sil
t a
nd
sa
nd
; in
clu
des
lo
call
y t
ran
spo
rted
mat
eria
l; d
eriv
ed f
rom
fl u
vio
gla
cia
l P
ater
son
F
orm
atio
n
R2C
bVb
Res
idu
al
an
d s
heet
wa
sh c
lay
an
d s
ilt
con
tain
ing
fra
gm
ents
of
ba
salt
; ex
pa
nsi
ve
clay
wit
h g
ilg
ai
surf
ace;
ov
erli
es b
asa
lt o
n a
rea
s o
f p
late
au;
loca
lly
dis
sect
ed b
y p
rese
nt-
day
dra
inag
e
Tb
Mix
ed s
ilic
eou
s ca
pro
ck a
nd
co
llu
viu
m;
seco
nd
ary
sil
iceo
us
bre
ccia
, ja
sper
oid
al
cha
lced
on
y o
ver
ult
ram
afi
c ro
cks
Tc
Co
llu
viu
m;
con
soli
dat
ed,
ferr
ug
inis
ed s
ilt,
sa
nd
an
d g
rav
el;
dis
sect
ed b
y p
rese
nt
dra
inag
e
Tp
Ro
be
Pis
oli
te;
pis
oli
tic,
oo
liti
c a
nd
ma
ssiv
e li
mo
nit
e g
oet
hit
e h
emat
ite
dep
osi
ts c
on
tain
ing
fo
ssil
wo
od
fra
gm
ents
; ir
on
ore
; co
rrel
ated
wit
h
Po
on
da
no
Fo
rmat
ion
W1
Sil
t, s
an
d a
nd
peb
ble
s in
dis
tal
sheet
wa
sh f
an
s; n
o d
efi n
ed d
rain
age
![Page 54: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
56 N.L. McKenzie, S. van Leeuwen, A.M. Pinder
AP
PE
ND
IX B
Tem
per
atu
re (
oC
) a
nd
pre
cip
itat
ion
(m
m)
esti
mat
es f
or
the
304 t
erre
stri
al
bio
div
ersi
ty s
ites
sa
mp
led
du
rin
g t
he
Pil
ba
ra b
iod
iver
sity
su
rvey
, d
eriv
ed f
rom
A
NU
CL
IM (
Ho
uld
er e
t al
. 20
00)
. K
ey t
o c
olu
mn
lab
els:
Ta
nn
An
nu
al
mea
n t
emp
erat
ure
; T
dir
Tem
per
atu
re d
iurn
al
ran
ge;
iso
T i
soth
erm
ali
ty;
Tse
a T
emp
erat
ure
se
aso
na
lity
; m
xTw
P W
arm
est
per
iod
ma
xim
um
tem
per
atu
re;
mn
TcP
Co
ldes
t p
erio
d m
inim
um
tem
per
atu
re;
Ta
r T
emp
erat
ure
an
nu
al
ran
ge;
Tw
eQ
Wet
test
q
ua
rter
mea
n t
emp
erat
ure
; T
drQ
Dri
est
qu
art
er m
ean
tem
per
atu
re; T
wm
Q W
arm
est
qu
art
er m
ean
tem
per
atu
re; T
coQ
Co
ldes
t q
ua
rter
mea
n t
emp
erat
ure
; P
an
n
An
nu
al
mea
n p
reci
pit
atio
n;
Pw
eP
Wet
test
per
iod
pre
cip
itat
ion
; P
sea P
reci
pit
atio
n s
easo
na
lity
; P
we
Q W
ette
st Q
ua
rter
pre
cip
itat
ion
; P
wm
Q W
arm
est
qu
art
er
pre
cip
itat
ion
; P
coQ
Co
ldes
t q
ua
rter
pre
cip
itat
ion
. F
urt
her
ex
pla
nat
ion
is
pro
vid
ed b
elo
w t
he
tab
ula
tio
n.
Sit
eT
an
nT
dir
isoT
Tse
am
xTw
Pm
nT
cPT
ar
Tw
eQ
Td
rQT
wm
QT
coQ
Pa
nn
Pw
eP
Pse
aP
we
QP
wm
QP
coQ
BD
RN
0124
.915
.50.
48
1.98
39.9
7.7
32.2
31.1
24.8
31.6
16.9
229
148
812
911
236
BD
RN
02
24.6
15.5
0.4
81.
99
39.7
7.5
32.2
30.
824
.531
.316
.52
3715
8713
311
538
BD
RN
03
24.8
15.6
0.4
81.
9839
.87.
632
.331
.024
.631
.516
.72
36
158
813
411
637
BD
RN
04
24.5
15.5
0.4
82
.02
39.6
7.2
32.4
30.
824
.331
.316
.32
30
1587
129
112
32
BD
RN
05
24.2
15.6
0.4
82
.02
39.5
7.0
32.5
30.
624
.031
.116
.124
915
86
139
121
35
BD
RN
06
24.2
15.5
0.4
82
.02
39.4
7.0
32.5
30.
524
.031
.016
.02
5115
86
140
122
35
BD
RN
0724
.315
.60.
48
2.0
139
.57.
132
.53
0.6
24.1
31.1
16.1
25
015
86
140
122
35
BD
RN
08
24.3
15.6
0.4
82
.01
39.5
7.1
32.5
30.
624
.131
.116
.12
5115
86
141
122
35
BD
RN
09
24.2
15.6
0.4
82
.02
39.4
6.9
32.5
30.
52
3.9
31.0
16.0
252
1686
141
123
35
BD
RN
102
3.9
15.5
0.4
82
.02
39.2
6.8
32.4
30.
22
3.7
30.
715
.826
516
84
147
129
38
BD
RN
112
3.8
15.5
0.4
82
.02
39.2
6.7
32.4
30.
22
3.6
30.
715
.726
816
84
149
130
39
BD
RN
122
3.8
15.4
0.4
82
.04
39.2
6.7
32.5
30.
32
3.6
30.
815
.62
58
168
514
312
537
BD
RN
1324
.015
.50.
48
2.0
439
.36.
832
.53
0.4
23.
83
0.9
15.8
25
016
86
139
122
35
BD
RS
012
3.5
15.1
0.4
62
.10
38.
96.
232
.729
.92
3.1
30.
715
.124
815
80
131
115
37
BD
RS
02
23.
515
.10.
46
2.1
038.
96.
232
.73
0.2
23.
13
0.7
15.1
248
158
013
211
537
BD
RS
03
23.
615
.20.
46
2.0
939
.06.
332
.73
0.3
23.
23
0.8
15.3
247
1581
132
115
36
BD
RS
04
23.
615
.10.
46
2.0
938.
96.
332
.73
0.3
23.
23
0.7
15.2
247
158
013
211
537
BD
RS
05
23.
615
.10.
46
2.0
938.
96.
332
.63
0.3
23.
23
0.8
15.3
249
1581
134
117
37
BD
RS
06
23.
615
.10.
46
2.0
938.
96.
332
.53
0.3
23.
23
0.8
15.3
251
1581
135
118
38
BD
RS
072
3.6
15.1
0.4
62
.09
38.
86.
332
.53
0.3
23.
23
0.7
15.3
253
1581
136
119
38
BD
RS
08
23.
314
.90.
46
2.1
038.
66.
132
.53
0.1
22
.03
0.5
15.0
256
168
013
712
84
0
BD
RS
09
23.
314
.90.
46
2.1
038.
66.
132
.53
0.1
22
.93
0.6
15.0
25
415
80
136
126
39
![Page 55: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Pilbara Biodiversity Survey Introduction 57
BD
RS1
02
3.4
15.0
0.4
62
.10
38.
76.
232
.53
0.2
23.
03
0.6
15.0
252
158
013
512
539
BD
RS1
12
3.4
15.0
0.4
62
.10
38.
76.
132
.629
.82
2.9
30.
615
.024
915
7913
312
338
BD
RS1
22
3.3
15.0
0.4
62
.11
38.
76.
032
.729
.82
2.9
30.
514
.924
714
7913
112
038
BD
RS1
32
3.5
15.1
0.4
62
.09
38.
86.
332
.63
0.3
23.
13
0.7
15.2
25
015
80
134
125
38
DR
C01
25.
812
.90.
53
1.4
536.
712
.224
.53
0.6
25.
43
0.7
19.9
278
1794
164
154
49
DR
C02
25.
812
.90.
53
1.4
536.
712
.224
.53
0.6
25.
43
0.7
19.9
278
1794
164
154
49
DR
C0
326
.013
.00.
53
1.4
536.
912
.324
.73
0.8
25.
63
0.9
20.1
276
1795
164
154
48
DR
C0
426
.013
.20.
53
1.47
37.2
12.1
25.
13
0.9
25.
631
.020
.028
418
9817
416
64
6
DR
C0
526
.013
.40.
53
1.5
037
.411
.92
5.5
30.
92
5.7
31.1
19.9
296
2010
318
818
24
4
DR
C0
62
5.6
13.4
0.52
1.5
437
.311
.42
5.9
30.
724
.73
0.8
19.3
317
23
108
207
203
43
DR
C07
26.1
13.4
0.53
1.5
037
.512
.02
5.6
31.0
25.
831
.220
.029
920
104
192
186
43
DR
C0
826
.113
.30.
53
1.4
837
.212
.12
5.2
30.
92
5.7
31.1
20.0
296
1910
118
617
74
5
DR
C0
926
.013
.10.
53
1.47
37.0
12.1
25.
03
0.8
25.
63
0.9
20.0
294
189
918
217
24
6
DR
C10
26.0
13.0
0.53
1.4
536.
912
.224
.73
0.8
25.
63
0.9
20.1
293
1897
180
168
47
DR
C11
25.
912
.90.
53
1.4
436.
712
.324
.43
0.7
25.
53
0.8
20.1
286
1796
173
161
48
DR
C12
26.0
12.8
0.53
1.4
336.
612
.324
.33
0.7
25.
53
0.8
20.1
28
417
9617
115
94
8
DR
E01
25.
913
.00.
53
1.4
236.
312
.024
.33
0.6
25.
63
0.7
20.1
302
2010
119
217
841
DR
E02
25.
913
.00.
53
1.4
236.
312
.024
.33
0.6
25.
63
0.7
20.1
302
2010
119
217
841
DR
E0
32
5.8
12.9
0.53
1.41
36.
111
.924
.23
0.4
25.
53
0.5
20.0
30
420
101
192
179
41
DR
E0
42
5.8
12.9
0.53
1.41
36.
111
.924
.23
0.4
25.
53
0.5
20.0
30
420
101
192
179
41
DR
E0
52
5.9
13.0
0.53
1.4
236.
211
.924
.33
0.5
25.
03
0.6
20.0
30
420
101
193
179
41
DR
E0
62
5.9
13.1
0.53
1.4
336.
411
.824
.53
0.5
25.
03
0.7
20.0
30
420
101
193
180
41
DR
E07
25.
913
.30.
53
1.4
636.
611
.62
5.0
30.
62
5.0
30.
719
.93
0720
101
196
184
41
DR
E0
826
.013
.60.
53
1.51
37.4
11.6
25.
83
0.9
25.
231
.019
.831
220
102
201
192
41
DR
E0
926
.013
.60.
521.
5137
.511
.52
5.9
30.
82
5.2
31.0
19.8
314
2010
220
318
44
2
DR
E10
25.
913
.70.
521.
53
37.5
11.4
26.1
30.
82
5.1
31.0
19.6
318
2110
320
618
84
2
DR
E11
26.0
13.7
0.52
1.53
37.7
11.5
26.3
31.0
25.
231
.219
.831
621
104
205
188
41
DR
E12
26.0
13.8
0.52
1.53
37.6
11.4
26.2
30.
92
5.2
31.1
19.7
315
2010
220
418
441
DR
E13
26.0
13.9
0.52
1.55
37.9
11.3
26.6
30.
92
5.2
31.2
19.7
317
2010
220
518
641
DR
W01
25.
913
.10.
54
1.4
036.
712
.324
.33
0.6
25.
43
0.7
20.2
264
1691
144
140
49
![Page 56: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
58 N.L. McKenzie, S. van Leeuwen, A.M. Pinder
Sit
eT
an
nT
dir
isoT
Tse
am
xTw
Pm
nT
cPT
ar
Tw
eQ
Td
rQT
wm
QT
coQ
Pa
nn
Pw
eP
Pse
aP
we
QP
wm
QP
coQ
DR
W02
25.
913
.10.
54
1.4
036.
712
.324
.33
0.6
25.
43
0.7
20.2
264
1691
144
140
49
DR
W0
32
5.9
13.2
0.5
41.
4136.
712
.324
.43
0.7
25.
43
0.7
20.2
264
1691
145
141
49
DR
W0
426
.013
.20.
53
1.4
537
.012
.224
.83
0.8
25.
53
0.9
20.1
265
1691
151
140
51
DR
W0
526
.013
.20.
53
1.4
537
.012
.224
.83
0.8
25.
53
0.9
20.1
265
1692
152
141
50
DR
W0
62
5.8
13.8
0.5
41.
45
37.1
11.7
25.
43
0.7
25.
33
0.8
19.9
273
1791
148
139
53
DR
W07
25.
813
.80.
54
1.4
537
.111
.72
5.4
30.
72
5.3
30.
819
.927
317
9114
813
953
DR
W0
82
5.8
13.8
0.5
41.
45
37.1
11.7
25.
43
0.7
25.
33
0.8
20.0
272
1691
146
136
53
DR
W0
92
5.6
13.8
0.5
41.
45
37.0
11.5
25.
43
0.5
25.
13
0.6
19.8
277
179
014
813
855
DR
W10
25.
613
.80.
54
1.4
537
.011
.52
5.4
30.
52
5.1
30.
619
.827
717
90
148
138
55
DR
W11
25.
913
.80.
55
1.4
337
.011
.72
5.3
30.
72
5.3
30.
820
.126
716
9114
013
653
DR
W12
25.
913
.80.
55
1.4
337
.011
.72
5.2
30.
72
5.3
30.
820
.126
716
9114
013
653
DR
W13
25.
913
.70.
55
1.41
36.
911
.92
5.0
30.
62
5.2
30.
720
.126
715
9214
013
553
MB
E01
26.4
15.5
0.51
1.76
40.
810
.33
0.5
31.9
26.2
32.2
19.2
325
2110
020
618
04
2
MB
E02
26.1
15.6
0.51
1.76
40.
610
.13
0.5
31.6
25.
932
.018
.932
92
210
020
918
24
2
MB
E0
32
5.8
15.7
0.51
1.78
40.
69.
73
0.9
31.4
24.7
31.8
18.5
325
219
920
618
141
MB
E0
42
5.9
15.8
0.51
1.79
40.
69.
731
.031
.524
.731
.818
.632
421
99
205
181
40
MB
E0
52
5.8
15.8
0.51
1.79
40.
69.
631
.031
.524
.731
.818
.532
321
99
204
180
40
MB
E0
62
5.9
15.9
0.51
1.79
40.
79.
631
.131
.524
.731
.918
.632
121
99
202
180
39
MB
E07
26.1
15.9
0.52
1.75
40.
79.
93
0.8
31.6
25.
732
.018
.932
62
210
120
718
34
0
MB
E0
826
.115
.90.
521.
744
0.7
9.9
30.
731
.62
5.7
31.9
19.0
328
22
101
209
184
40
MB
E0
92
5.3
15.4
0.51
1.75
39.8
9.5
30.
33
0.8
24.9
31.1
18.2
34
22
39
921
619
14
4
MB
E11
25.
315
.30.
511.
7439
.79.
63
0.1
30.
824
.931
.118
.23
44
23
100
217
192
44
MB
E12
25.
515
.40.
511.
7339
.99.
83
0.1
31.0
25.
131
.318
.43
43
23
100
217
191
44
MB
E13
26.1
15.4
0.52
1.71
40.
210
.329
.931
.42
5.7
31.7
19.1
34
024
102
218
190
43
MB
W01
25.
615
.10.
521.
63
39.0
10.2
28.
93
0.9
25.
031
.119
.032
02
210
320
718
74
0
MB
W02
25.
615
.10.
521.
63
39.0
10.2
28.
93
0.9
25.
031
.119
.032
02
210
320
718
74
0
MB
W0
32
5.5
15.2
0.52
1.6
539
.110
.029
.13
0.8
24.9
31.0
18.8
324
22
103
208
190
40
MB
W0
42
5.6
15.3
0.52
1.6
539
.310
.129
.231
.02
5.0
31.2
18.9
321
22
103
206
188
40
MB
W0
52
5.5
15.3
0.52
1.6
539
.210
.029
.33
0.8
24.9
31.1
18.8
323
22
102
208
190
40
MB
W0
62
5.7
15.4
0.52
1.6
639
.510
.029
.431
.02
5.0
31.3
18.9
320
22
102
206
188
39
![Page 57: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Pilbara Biodiversity Survey Introduction 59
MB
W07
25.
815
.10.
53
1.62
39.1
10.3
28.
731
.02
5.1
31.2
19.2
315
2110
320
318
339
MB
W0
82
5.8
15.0
0.53
1.62
39.0
10.4
28.
631
.12
5.1
31.2
19.2
314
2110
220
318
139
MB
W0
92
5.8
15.2
0.52
1.6
439
.210
.328.
931
.12
5.1
31.3
19.1
316
2110
220
318
339
MB
W10
25.
715
.50.
521.
68
39.7
10.0
29.7
31.1
25.
131
.418
.931
820
101
204
187
39
MB
W11
25.
615
.60.
521.
7039
.99.
93
0.0
31.1
25.
031
.418
.732
020
101
205
189
39
MB
W12
25.
615
.70.
521.
714
0.0
9.8
30.
231
.12
5.0
31.4
18.6
320
2010
020
418
938
MB
W13
25.
615
.70.
521.
72
40.
29.
83
0.4
31.2
25.
031
.518
.631
920
100
204
189
38
NE
0126
.315
.40.
511.
744
0.5
10.2
30.
331
.726
.232
.019
.13
02
1898
190
166
37
NE
02
26.3
15.4
0.51
1.74
40.
510
.23
0.3
31.6
26.2
32.0
19.1
30
318
9819
016
637
NE
03
26.1
15.4
0.51
1.76
40.
39.
93
0.4
31.4
25.
931
.818
.83
04
1896
189
165
38
NE
04
26.0
15.4
0.5
01.
77
40.
39.
73
0.6
31.5
25.
931
.818
.729
417
9418
015
638
NE
05
26.0
15.4
0.51
1.7
74
0.3
9.7
30.
631
.52
5.9
31.8
18.7
293
1794
179
156
38
NE
06
26.1
15.4
0.51
1.76
40.
29.
83
0.5
31.5
26.0
31.8
18.8
289
1794
176
153
38
NE
0726
.215
.40.
511.
754
0.3
9.9
30.
431
.526
.131
.918
.9289
1794
176
153
38
NE
08
26.1
15.4
0.51
1.76
40.
29.
83
0.4
31.5
26.0
31.9
18.9
28
517
9317
214
938
NE
09
26.2
15.4
0.51
1.76
40.
39.
93
0.4
31.6
26.1
31.9
18.9
282
1693
170
147
37
NE
1026
.315
.40.
511.
754
0.3
9.9
30.
431
.626
.232
.019
.027
916
9316
914
637
NE
112
5.7
15.2
0.5
01.
7639
.79.
53
0.2
31.0
24.8
31.4
18.4
291
169
017
114
841
NE
122
5.7
15.2
0.5
01.
7639
.79.
53
0.1
31.1
24.8
31.4
18.4
289
169
017
014
741
NE
132
5.7
15.2
0.5
01.
7639
.79.
63
0.1
31.1
24.9
31.5
18.5
28
816
90
170
147
40
NW
0124
.716
.30.
50
1.96
40.
27.
332
.93
0.8
24.5
31.3
16.8
30
816
88
179
160
44
NW
02
24.6
16.3
0.5
01.
964
0.1
7.3
32.9
30.
724
.431
.216
.731
217
88
182
163
44
NW
03
24.9
16.3
0.5
01.
924
0.3
7.7
32.6
30.
92
3.8
31.3
17.1
315
1892
189
170
41
NW
04
25.
016
.10.
50
1.9
04
0.2
8.1
32.1
30.
92
3.9
31.3
17.3
317
1993
192
171
42
NW
05
25.
116
.10.
50
1.9
04
0.3
8.2
32.2
31.0
24.1
31.5
17.4
313
1893
190
169
41
NW
06
25.
016
.00.
50
1.89
40.
28.
232
.03
0.8
23.
931
.317
.332
019
9319
417
34
2
NW
072
5.3
15.7
0.5
01.
85
40.
28.
831
.431
.024
.331
.417
.731
819
9519
617
441
NW
08
25.
415
.70.
50
1.8
44
0.3
9.0
31.3
31.1
24.4
31.5
17.9
317
1996
197
174
41
NW
09
25.
815
.70.
50
1.82
40.
69.
331
.331
.424
.731
.818
.331
220
9819
617
339
NW
102
5.7
15.8
0.5
01.
83
40.
59.
231
.331
.324
.631
.718
.231
319
9819
617
339
NW
112
5.8
15.6
0.5
01.
814
0.5
9.5
31.1
31.4
24.8
31.8
18.4
312
1998
197
173
39
![Page 58: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
60 N.L. McKenzie, S. van Leeuwen, A.M. Pinder
Sit
eT
an
nT
dir
isoT
Tse
am
xTw
Pm
nT
cPT
ar
Tw
eQ
Td
rQT
wm
QT
coQ
Pa
nn
Pw
eP
Pse
aP
we
QP
wm
QP
coQ
NW
1226
.015
.60.
50
1.8
04
0.6
9.6
31.0
31.5
25.
031
.918
.631
119
99
197
173
39
OY
E01
26.1
14.7
0.52
1.6
339
.611
.328.
331
.62
5.2
31.7
19.5
34
421
9320
319
159
OY
E02
25.
914
.60.
521.
64
39.4
11.1
28.
231
.42
5.0
31.5
19.3
349
22
9320
719
659
OY
E0
32
5.6
14.5
0.51
1.6
539
.110
.928.
231
.124
.731
.218
.9356
22
9321
120
16
0
OY
E0
42
5.6
14.4
0.51
1.67
39.1
10.8
28.
331
.124
.731
.318
.835
42
395
213
207
55
OY
E0
52
5.6
14.4
0.51
1.67
39.1
10.8
28.
331
.124
.731
.318
.835
42
395
213
207
55
OY
E0
62
5.6
14.4
0.51
1.6
839
.210
.728.
431
.224
.731
.318
.835
42
395
213
208
54
OY
E07
25.
614
.40.
511.
68
39.2
10.7
28.
431
.224
.731
.318
.835
42
395
213
208
54
OY
E0
82
5.6
14.6
0.51
1.70
39.4
10.6
28.
831
.324
.731
.418
.7358
23
9321
320
657
OY
E0
92
5.9
14.8
0.51
1.69
39.8
10.8
29.0
31.6
25.
031
.719
.1351
22
9220
719
858
OY
E10
25.
914
.80.
511.
6939
.810
.829
.031
.62
5.0
31.7
19.1
351
22
9220
719
858
OY
E11
26.0
14.9
0.51
1.6
84
0.0
10.9
29.0
31.7
25.
131
.819
.23
48
22
9220
519
558
OY
E12
26.1
14.9
0.52
1.67
40.
011
.128.
931
.62
5.2
31.8
19.4
34
021
9119
918
758
OY
E13
25.
514
.70.
50
1.71
39.6
10.5
29.1
31.3
24.6
31.4
18.7
356
22
9120
819
861
OY
W01
25.
914
.80.
521.
64
39.6
11.0
28.
631
.32
5.4
31.5
19.3
328
2092
189
182
62
OY
W02
25.
914
.70.
521.
6239
.511
.128.
431
.32
5.3
31.5
19.4
323
2094
187
179
62
OY
W0
32
5.8
14.6
0.52
1.61
39.3
11.2
28.
131
.22
5.3
31.4
19.4
320
2094
185
177
62
OY
W0
42
5.6
14.4
0.52
1.59
38.
911
.227
.731
.02
5.0
31.2
19.3
321
2095
184
175
64
OY
W0
52
5.6
14.4
0.52
1.58
38.
911
.227
.631
.02
5.0
31.2
19.3
321
2095
184
174
64
OY
W0
62
5.7
14.4
0.52
1.58
38.
811
.327
.531
.02
5.0
31.2
19.4
318
2095
182
172
64
OY
W07
25.
914
.40.
53
1.55
38.
811
.527
.331
.22
5.3
31.3
19.7
30
619
9317
416
361
OY
W0
82
5.9
14.4
0.53
1.55
38.
711
.527
.231
.22
5.4
31.3
19.7
30
518
9317
316
261
OY
W0
92
5.9
14.4
0.53
1.5
438.
711
.527
.231
.22
5.4
31.3
19.7
30
318
9317
216
161
OY
W10
25.
714
.10.
53
1.5
438.
511
.626
.831
.02
5.0
31.1
19.6
311
1995
175
163
66
OY
W11
25.
613
.80.
53
1.5
038.
011
.926
.13
0.8
25.
53
0.9
19.7
307
1894
169
155
60
OY
W12
25.
513
.50.
53
1.4
837
.712
.12
5.6
30.
72
5.3
30.
719
.63
0718
9316
515
06
3
OY
W13
25.
413
.30.
53
1.4
637
.412
.22
5.2
30.
52
5.2
30.
619
.63
05
1793
160
155
66
PE
012
5.6
14.0
0.49
1.74
39.1
10.5
28.
631
.22
5.0
31.4
18.5
349
23
102
22
520
64
6
PE
02
25.
213
.90.
491.
7638.
810
.228.
63
0.9
24.6
31.1
18.1
357
23
101
227
210
48
PE
03
25.
614
.00.
491.
7539
.210
.528.
731
.22
5.0
31.5
18.5
351
23
102
226
208
46
![Page 59: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Pilbara Biodiversity Survey Introduction 61
PE
04
25.
313
.90.
491.
7438.
810
.428.
53
0.9
24.8
31.2
18.3
352
23
102
226
207
46
PE
05
25.
514
.00.
491.
7639
.210
.428.
831
.22
5.0
31.4
18.4
34
52
210
12
2120
44
4
PE
06
25.
413
.90.
491.
7639
.010
.328.
731
.024
.831
.218
.23
492
210
12
23
206
45
PE
072
5.3
13.9
0.49
1.74
38.
810
.428.
53
0.9
24.8
31.2
18.3
352
23
102
226
207
46
PE
08
25.
313
.90.
491.
7438.
810
.428.
43
0.9
24.8
31.2
18.3
355
2410
22
28
210
47
PE
09
25.
113
.90.
491.
72
38.
510
.328.
23
0.7
24.5
30.
918
.136
824
103
238
220
48
PE
1024
.913
.80.
491.
72
38.
210
.228.
03
0.5
24.3
30.
718
.038
02
510
424
62
295
0
PE
112
5.4
14.0
0.49
1.74
39.0
10.4
28.
631
.124
.831
.318
.436
524
103
235
218
48
PE
122
5.0
13.8
0.4
81.
793
8.9
10.0
28.
93
0.8
24.5
31.1
17.8
357
22
982
23
207
49
PH
YC
0126
.913
.70.
521.
4739
.112
.826
.331
.426
.531
.520
.732
72
310
421
220
238
PH
YC
02
26.9
13.7
0.52
1.4
839
.112
.826
.431
.526
.631
.620
.732
72
310
421
220
238
PH
YC
03
27.0
13.7
0.52
1.49
39.4
12.9
26.5
31.5
26.7
31.7
20.8
327
23
105
213
203
38
PH
YC
04
26.8
14.7
0.51
1.6
54
0.5
11.5
28.
931
.926
.632
.220
.03
30
22
103
214
186
38
PH
YC
05
27.0
14.8
0.51
1.6
54
0.6
11.6
29.0
32.1
26.8
32.3
20.2
327
22
104
212
183
38
PH
YC
06
26.9
14.6
0.52
1.62
40.
111
.728.
431
.926
.632
.120
.23
312
310
421
419
639
PH
YC
0726
.814
.80.
521.
64
40.
211
.52
8.7
31.9
26.5
32.1
20.0
331
23
104
214
196
39
PH
YC
08
26.7
14.8
0.52
1.6
44
0.2
11.4
28.
831
.926
.532
.119
.93
322
310
321
419
74
0
PH
YC
09
26.8
14.8
0.52
1.6
34
0.1
11.5
28.
631
.926
.532
.120
.03
312
310
421
419
639
PH
YC
1026
.814
.80.
521.
64
40.
111
.42
8.7
31.9
26.5
32.1
20.0
331
23
104
214
196
39
PH
YC
1126
.314
.60.
511.
63
39.6
11.2
28.
431
.426
.031
.619
.53
3924
103
218
200
41
PH
YC
1226
.714
.70.
521.
6139
.811
.528.
331
.826
.432
.020
.132
924
104
213
194
39
PH
YE
0126
.614
.80.
521.
5739
.611
.328.
331
.426
.431
.620
.031
519
101
203
174
35
PH
YE
02
26.5
14.8
0.52
1.58
39.6
11.1
28.
431
.326
.331
.519
.931
419
101
202
173
35
PH
YE
03
26.5
14.9
0.52
1.59
39.6
11.1
28.
631
.426
.431
.619
.931
119
101
200
171
35
PH
YE
04
26.6
14.9
0.52
1.58
39.7
11.2
28.
531
.426
.431
.620
.031
119
101
200
171
35
PH
YE
05
26.7
15.0
0.52
1.62
40.
011
.128.
931
.626
.531
.920
.03
03
1810
019
416
73
4
PH
YE
06
26.7
15.0
0.52
1.62
40.
011
.128.
931
.626
.531
.920
.03
04
1910
019
516
83
4
PH
YE
0726
.615
.10.
521.
64
40.
110
.929
.231
.626
.531
.919
.83
00
189
919
016
435
PH
YE
08
26.7
14.9
0.52
1.62
40.
111
.228.
931
.626
.531
.819
.93
08
1910
119
817
035
PH
YE
09
26.3
14.8
0.51
1.6
54
0.0
10.9
29.1
31.4
26.2
31.6
19.5
319
199
920
317
638
PH
YE
1026
.914
.70.
511.
614
0.3
11.6
28.
731
.726
.732
.020
.231
520
103
205
177
35
![Page 60: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
62 N.L. McKenzie, S. van Leeuwen, A.M. Pinder
Sit
eT
an
nT
dir
isoT
Tse
am
xTw
Pm
nT
cPT
ar
Tw
eQ
Td
rQT
wm
QT
coQ
Pa
nn
Pw
eP
Pse
aP
we
QP
wm
QP
coQ
PH
YE
1127
.114
.50.
511.
58
40.
512
.128.
432
.026
.932
.220
.531
821
105
209
180
35
PH
YE
1227
.214
.40.
511.
574
0.5
12.4
28.
132
.027
.032
.220
.632
12
210
621
218
235
PH
YE
1327
.314
.30.
511.
574
0.5
12.5
28.
032
.027
.132
.220
.732
12
210
621
218
335
PH
YW
0126
.413
.10.
54
1.37
36.
712
.624
.23
0.7
26.4
30.
820
.729
421
104
189
182
35
PH
YW
0226
.413
.20.
54
1.38
36.
812
.524
.33
0.7
26.4
30.
820
.629
421
104
189
183
35
PH
YW
03
26.4
13.4
0.5
41.
42
37.2
12.4
24.8
30.
92
5.9
31.0
20.6
297
2110
319
018
535
PH
YW
04
26.5
13.6
0.53
1.4
537
.612
.32
5.3
31.0
26.0
31.2
20.5
30
421
103
194
189
35
PH
YW
05
26.5
13.6
0.53
1.4
637
.712
.22
5.5
31.1
26.0
31.2
20.5
30
521
103
195
191
35
PH
YW
06
26.6
13.6
0.53
1.4
537
.912
.42
5.5
31.0
26.1
31.2
20.5
310
2110
119
719
238
PH
YW
0726
.313
.50.
54
1.4
537
.312
.02
5.3
30.
926
.431
.020
.329
024
110
190
186
33
PH
YW
08
26.0
13.4
0.53
1.4
537
.011
.82
5.2
30.
626
.13
0.7
20.0
292
2411
119
118
83
4
PH
YW
09
26.2
13.5
0.5
41.
45
37.1
11.9
25.
23
0.8
26.2
30.
920
.229
024
111
191
186
33
PH
YW
1026
.113
.40.
54
1.4
436.
811
.924
.93
0.7
26.1
30.
820
.229
12
311
019
118
53
4
PH
YW
1126
.013
.20.
54
1.4
236.
411
.824
.63
0.5
25.
93
0.7
20.1
294
23
108
192
183
37
PH
YW
122
5.9
13.4
0.5
41.
44
36.
611
.724
.93
0.5
25.
23
0.7
20.0
295
23
108
193
184
38
PH
YW
1326
.013
.20.
54
1.4
236.
311
.824
.63
0.5
25.
23
0.6
20.1
294
22
107
192
183
37
PW
0126
.014
.00.
511.
6138.
511
.327
.231
.32
5.2
31.4
19.5
336
25
111
224
216
41
PW
02
25.
813
.90.
511.
6138.
311
.227
.131
.12
5.0
31.2
19.3
338
2611
12
25
217
42
PW
03
25.
013
.60.
511.
63
37.6
10.7
26.9
30.
324
.23
0.5
18.4
356
2610
62
28
22
24
8
PW
04
25.
113
.70.
511.
63
37.8
10.7
27.1
30.
524
.33
0.6
18.5
357
2610
52
28
22
34
8
PW
05
25.
614
.10.
511.
66
38.
710
.827
.931
.124
.831
.218
.9352
2410
021
921
44
8
PW
06
25.
414
.20.
50
1.6
838.
810
.628.
231
.024
.631
.118
.6356
2497
218
214
51
PW
072
5.5
14.2
0.5
01.
68
38.
810
.728.
131
.024
.731
.218
.7356
249
92
2121
65
0
PW
08
25.
614
.10.
50
1.67
38.
810
.728.
031
.124
.731
.218
.8355
2410
02
22
216
49
PW
09
25.
614
.10.
511.
66
38.
710
.827
.931
.124
.831
.218
.9352
2410
021
921
44
8
PW
102
5.5
14.1
0.51
1.6
638.
710
.827
.931
.024
.731
.218
.8352
2410
02
2021
54
8
PW
112
5.2
14.0
0.5
01.
66
38.
310
.627
.73
0.7
24.4
30.
818
.5359
25
100
22
221
85
0
PW
122
5.2
13.8
0.51
1.6
337
.910
.727
.23
0.6
24.3
30.
718
.63
492
510
32
2021
549
PW
1326
.114
.00.
521.
60
38.
511
.427
.131
.42
5.3
31.5
19.6
331
25
112
22
221
44
0
RH
NC
012
3.1
14.3
0.4
52
.06
38.
36.
731
.629
.82
2.5
30.
214
.93
0117
80
163
154
47
![Page 61: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Pilbara Biodiversity Survey Introduction 63
RH
NC
02
23.
114
.30.
45
2.0
638.
26.
831
.529
.82
2.5
30.
214
.93
05
1781
166
157
47
RH
NC
03
23.
114
.20.
45
2.0
538.
26.
831
.429
.72
2.5
30.
214
.93
08
1881
168
160
48
RH
NC
04
23.
114
.20.
45
2.0
538.
26.
831
.429
.72
2.5
30.
114
.93
09
1882
169
161
48
RH
NC
05
23.
114
.30.
46
2.0
538.
16.
831
.329
.92
2.5
30.
114
.931
018
8217
016
347
RH
NC
06
23.
114
.30.
46
2.0
438.
26.
931
.33
0.0
22
.63
0.2
15.0
30
918
8217
016
347
RH
NC
072
3.2
14.3
0.4
62
.04
38.
26.
931
.33
0.0
22
.73
0.2
15.1
310
188
317
216
547
RH
NC
08
23.
414
.20.
46
2.0
238.
37.
331
.13
0.1
22
.83
0.3
15.3
311
188
417
316
747
RH
NC
09
23.
014
.20.
46
2.0
338.
07.
031
.129
.72
2.5
29.9
14.9
319
198
417
817
249
RH
NC
1024
.114
.50.
471.
99
39.1
7.9
31.2
30.
72
3.6
31.0
16.1
296
1889
171
156
44
RH
NC
1124
.214
.60.
471.
99
39.2
7.9
31.3
30.
82
3.7
31.0
16.2
294
1889
171
155
44
RH
NC
1224
.314
.70.
471.
9839
.48.
131
.33
0.9
23.
931
.116
.429
018
90
169
153
43
RH
NC
1324
.414
.70.
471.
9839
.58.
131
.43
0.9
23.
931
.216
.528
818
90
168
152
43
RH
NE
0124
.615
.20.
471.
99
40.
07.
932
.13
0.9
24.2
31.5
16.6
275
1787
157
141
45
RH
NE
02
24.6
15.2
0.47
1.9
94
0.0
7.9
32.1
30.
924
.231
.516
.627
717
8715
814
14
5
RH
NE
03
24.7
15.4
0.4
81.
984
0.1
7.9
32.2
31.0
24.3
31.6
16.7
274
1787
156
140
44
RH
NE
04
24.7
15.4
0.4
81.
99
40.
17.
832
.331
.024
.331
.516
.727
317
86
155
138
43
RH
NE
05
24.6
15.5
0.4
81.
99
40.
17.
732
.431
.02
3.4
31.5
16.7
271
1786
154
137
43
RH
NE
06
24.6
15.6
0.4
82
.00
40.
07.
632
.43
0.9
23.
431
.516
.626
917
85
152
135
42
RH
NE
0724
.815
.60.
48
1.97
40.
27.
932
.331
.024
.431
.516
.827
917
88
161
144
42
RH
NE
08
24.4
15.7
0.4
81.
99
39.9
7.4
32.5
30.
624
.031
.216
.428
317
86
162
144
39
RH
NE
09
24.2
15.7
0.4
81.
99
39.7
7.3
32.5
30.
52
3.9
31.0
16.2
290
1786
165
148
40
RH
NE
1024
.215
.80.
491.
9639
.77.
432
.33
0.6
23.
93
0.8
16.3
310
1889
181
164
41
RH
NE
1124
.215
.70.
491.
9439
.77.
732
.03
0.5
23.
93
0.8
16.4
312
189
018
416
74
2
RH
NE
1224
.715
.80.
491.
934
0.1
8.0
32.0
31.0
24.3
31.2
16.9
30
418
9118
116
44
0
RH
NW
012
3.6
14.0
0.4
61.
9438.
48.
23
0.2
29.9
23.
13
0.2
15.8
33
320
9119
718
147
RH
NW
02
23.
814
.10.
471.
9338.
68.
43
0.3
30.
12
3.3
30.
316
.032
820
9119
517
94
6
RH
NW
03
25.
014
.60.
48
1.89
39.8
9.3
30.
531
.124
.631
.517
.43
05
1993
184
164
41
RH
NW
04
25.
314
.60.
48
1.86
40.
09.
73
0.3
31.2
24.8
31.6
17.8
30
919
9418
816
54
0
RH
NW
05
25.
314
.60.
48
1.86
39.9
9.7
30.
231
.224
.831
.617
.831
119
9418
916
641
RH
NW
06
25.
214
.60.
48
1.86
39.9
9.7
30.
331
.124
.831
.617
.731
019
9418
916
64
0
RH
NW
072
5.1
14.6
0.4
81.
85
39.8
9.7
30.
13
0.9
24.6
31.3
17.6
316
1993
192
168
41
![Page 62: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
64 N.L. McKenzie, S. van Leeuwen, A.M. Pinder
Sit
eT
an
nT
dir
isoT
Tse
am
xTw
Pm
nT
cPT
ar
Tw
eQ
Td
rQT
wm
QT
coQ
Pa
nn
Pw
eP
Pse
aP
we
QP
wm
QP
coQ
RH
NW
08
24.6
14.4
0.4
81.
83
39.3
9.5
29.8
30.
524
.23
0.9
17.3
33
019
9320
018
64
3
RH
NW
09
24.8
14.5
0.49
1.82
39.5
9.7
29.8
30.
624
.331
.017
.532
819
9319
918
44
2
RH
NW
1024
.914
.50.
491.
83
39.6
9.6
29.9
30.
724
.431
.117
.532
319
9319
618
24
2
RH
NW
112
5.2
14.7
0.4
81.
86
40.
09.
63
0.3
31.1
24.7
31.5
17.7
30
918
9318
816
54
0
RH
NW
122
5.3
14.6
0.4
81.
86
40.
09.
73
0.3
31.2
24.9
31.7
17.8
307
1994
187
164
40
RH
NW
132
5.3
14.6
0.4
81.
874
0.0
9.6
30.
331
.224
.831
.617
.73
0719
9418
716
54
0
TC
MB
C01
25.
614
.80.
46
1.97
41.0
8.9
32.1
32.0
25.
432
.617
.72
3912
7312
210
94
8
TC
MB
C02
25.
514
.80.
46
1.98
40.
98.
932
.031
.92
5.4
32.5
17.7
241
1273
123
110
48
TC
MB
C0
32
5.2
14.6
0.4
61.
99
40.
68.
731
.931
.62
5.1
32.2
17.3
25
013
7412
811
549
TC
MB
C0
424
.914
.50.
46
2.0
04
0.2
8.4
31.8
31.2
24.8
31.9
16.9
259
1374
132
120
51
TC
MB
C0
524
.414
.30.
45
2.0
039
.88.
131
.63
0.8
23.
531
.516
.426
914
7313
712
552
TC
MB
C0
624
.314
.40.
45
2.0
239
.77.
931
.83
0.7
23.
331
.416
.226
013
7112
911
853
TC
MB
C07
24.8
14.5
0.4
62
.01
40.
38.
332
.031
.324
.731
.916
.92
50
1373
126
114
50
TC
MB
C0
82
5.0
14.5
0.4
62
.00
40.
38.
431
.931
.424
.932
.017
.02
55
1475
132
119
49
TC
MB
C0
924
.814
.50.
46
2.0
04
0.1
8.4
31.7
31.2
24.8
31.8
16.8
263
1476
137
123
50
TC
MB
C10
24.9
14.4
0.4
62
.00
40.
18.
531
.631
.224
.931
.916
.926
815
7814
112
749
TC
MB
C11
24.8
14.4
0.4
62
.00
40.
08.
431
.631
.124
.831
.816
.827
015
7814
212
949
TC
MB
C12
24.7
14.4
0.4
62
.00
39.9
8.4
31.6
31.1
24.8
31.7
16.7
272
1578
143
130
49
TC
MB
E01
23.
613
.30.
45
1.92
38.
08.
629
.529
.92
3.1
30.
115
.937
721
86
218
211
54
TC
MB
E02
23.
813
.40.
45
1.92
38.
28.
729
.53
0.1
23.
33
0.3
16.0
374
2086
216
209
53
TC
MB
E0
32
3.7
13.4
0.4
51.
9338.
28.
629
.63
0.1
23.
33
0.2
16.0
372
2086
214
207
54
TC
MB
E0
42
3.7
13.4
0.4
51.
9338.
28.
629
.63
0.1
23.
23
0.2
16.0
373
2086
214
208
54
TC
MB
E0
52
3.0
13.2
0.4
51.
9437
.58.
129
.429
.42
2.5
29.6
15.2
386
208
421
821
357
TC
MB
E0
624
.013
.50.
45
1.92
38.
58.
829
.73
0.4
23.
53
0.5
16.3
370
2086
214
206
52
TC
MB
E07
24.0
13.6
0.4
51.
9438.
68.
729
.93
0.4
23.
53
0.6
16.2
36
520
85
209
201
53
TC
MB
E0
82
3.8
13.5
0.4
51.
9438.
48.
529
.93
0.2
23.
33
0.4
16.0
367
208
420
820
15
4
TC
MB
E0
92
3.8
13.4
0.4
51.
9238.
38.
729
.63
0.2
23.
33
0.3
16.1
373
2087
216
207
52
TC
MB
E10
23.
213
.30.
45
1.93
37.8
8.3
29.5
29.6
22
.729
.815
.537
520
84
213
205
55
TC
MB
E11
23.
413
.40.
45
1.93
38.
18.
329
.729
.82
2.8
30.
015
.736
319
83
204
196
55
TC
MB
E12
23.
413
.50.
45
1.93
38.
18.
329
.829
.92
2.8
30.
015
.736
019
83
201
193
55
![Page 63: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Pilbara Biodiversity Survey Introduction 65
TC
MB
E13
23.
713
.60.
45
1.93
38.
48.
53
0.0
30.
22
3.1
30.
316
.03
48
188
319
418
653
TC
MB
W01
25.
214
.50.
471.
90
40.
29.
33
0.9
31.6
24.4
31.8
17.6
28
815
80
156
143
50
TC
MB
W02
25.
214
.50.
471.
90
40.
29.
231
.031
.624
.331
.817
.6286
158
015
514
25
0
TC
MB
W0
32
5.1
14.3
0.47
1.91
40.
09.
23
0.8
31.4
24.3
31.7
17.4
291
168
015
814
649
TC
MB
W0
42
5.0
14.3
0.4
61.
9139
.99.
23
0.7
31.3
24.2
31.6
17.4
293
168
015
914
749
TC
MB
W0
524
.814
.20.
46
1.9
039
.69.
13
0.5
31.1
24.0
31.4
17.2
299
1681
164
152
49
TC
MB
W0
624
.614
.00.
46
1.9
039
.39.
13
0.2
30.
82
3.9
31.1
17.0
30
517
8216
915
84
8
TC
MB
W07
24.2
13.7
0.4
61.
88
38.
79.
029
.73
0.3
23.
53
0.6
16.6
332
188
518
817
851
TC
MB
W0
824
.313
.70.
46
1.8
838.
89.
129
.73
0.4
23.
73
0.7
16.7
335
1886
193
182
50
TC
MB
W0
924
.413
.90.
471.
85
38.
89.
329
.63
0.5
23.
73
0.7
17.0
341
1886
196
181
54
TC
MB
W10
24.5
13.8
0.47
1.8
538.
89.
329
.53
0.5
23.
83
0.8
17.0
34
419
8720
018
553
TC
MB
W11
24.5
13.9
0.47
1.8
438.
99.
429
.53
0.5
23.
83
0.8
17.1
34
519
8720
118
65
4
TC
MB
W12
24.6
13.9
0.47
1.8
438.
99.
429
.53
0.6
23.
93
0.8
17.2
347
198
820
218
75
4
TC
MB
W13
24.0
13.7
0.47
1.8
538.
39.
029
.23
0.0
23.
33
0.2
16.5
358
2086
207
192
57
WY
E01
25.
415
.00.
48
1.8
54
0.7
9.5
31.2
31.5
24.2
31.9
18.0
30
417
8216
515
559
WY
E02
25.
615
.10.
48
1.8
44
0.9
9.7
31.2
31.7
24.5
32.1
18.3
30
017
83
163
153
58
WY
E0
32
5.8
15.2
0.49
1.82
41.0
9.8
31.2
31.9
24.6
32.2
18.5
297
178
416
315
258
WY
E0
42
5.9
15.3
0.49
1.81
41.1
10.0
31.1
32.0
24.7
32.3
18.7
293
178
516
215
059
WY
E0
52
5.5
15.2
0.5
01.
784
0.6
10.0
30.
631
.52
5.0
31.8
18.5
301
1887
166
154
63
WY
E0
62
5.9
15.2
0.5
01.
72
40.
610
.53
0.1
31.7
25.
332
.019
.029
918
9116
915
562
WY
E07
25.
615
.10.
50
1.72
40.
310
.429
.931
.52
5.0
31.7
18.8
30
419
9117
016
46
4
WY
E0
82
5.8
15.1
0.5
01.
764
0.5
10.3
30.
331
.62
5.3
31.9
18.7
316
1989
178
167
62
WY
E0
92
5.2
14.9
0.49
1.78
40.
09.
83
0.2
31.1
24.0
31.4
18.1
331
2086
184
173
65
WY
E10
25.
214
.90.
491.
77
40.
09.
93
0.2
31.1
24.1
31.4
18.1
332
2086
184
174
65
WY
E11
25.
615
.00.
50
1.7
74
0.4
10.1
30.
331
.624
.531
.818
.53
3220
8718
617
662
WY
E12
25.
615
.00.
50
1.7
74
0.4
10.1
30.
331
.624
.531
.818
.53
33
2086
187
177
62
WY
E13
25.
815
.10.
50
1.78
40.
510
.23
0.4
31.8
24.7
32.0
18.6
331
2086
186
176
61
WY
W01
25.
414
.50.
521.
6139
.011
.028.
13
0.9
24.7
31.1
19.0
322
2095
184
175
67
WY
W02
25.
514
.50.
521.
6239
.211
.028.
231
.024
.831
.219
.132
020
9618
317
46
6
WY
W0
32
5.5
14.6
0.51
1.6
339
.310
.928.
331
.024
.831
.219
.031
720
9518
017
167
WY
W0
42
5.3
14.5
0.51
1.6
339
.210
.828.
43
0.9
24.6
31.1
18.8
319
2094
180
172
68
![Page 64: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
66 N.L. McKenzie, S. van Leeuwen, A.M. Pinder
Sit
eT
an
nT
dir
isoT
Tse
am
xTw
Pm
nT
cPT
ar
Tw
eQ
Td
rQT
wm
QT
coQ
Pa
nn
Pw
eP
Pse
aP
we
QP
wm
QP
coQ
WY
W0
52
5.3
14.5
0.51
1.6
339
.210
.828.
43
0.9
24.6
31.1
18.8
319
2094
180
172
68
WY
W0
62
5.3
14.6
0.51
1.6
439
.310
.728.
53
0.9
24.5
31.1
18.8
314
1992
174
166
70
WY
W07
25.
514
.60.
511.
63
39.4
10.9
28.
531
.124
.731
.319
.03
08
1992
170
161
70
WY
W0
82
5.0
14.9
0.5
01.
7139
.710
.129
.63
0.9
24.3
31.1
18.3
30
618
88
165
158
72
WY
W0
92
5.6
15.1
0.51
1.70
40.
210
.529
.731
.524
.931
.718
.929
718
90
164
157
67
WY
W10
25.
615
.10.
511.
704
0.2
10.5
29.7
31.5
24.9
31.7
18.9
297
189
016
415
76
6
WY
W11
25.
415
.50.
50
1.7
74
0.8
9.9
31.0
31.5
24.5
31.8
18.4
276
1686
145
139
67
WY
W12
25.
215
.40.
491.
794
0.8
9.6
31.2
31.4
24.3
31.6
18.1
274
168
514
313
767
1.
Ta
nn
T
he
mea
n
of
all
th
e w
eek
ly
mea
n
tem
per
atu
res.
E
ach
w
eek
ly
mea
n t
emp
erat
ure
is
the
mea
n o
f th
at w
eek
’s m
ax
imu
m a
nd
min
imu
m
tem
per
atu
re.
2.
Td
ir T
he
mea
n o
f a
ll t
he
wee
kly
diu
rna
l te
mp
erat
ure
ra
ng
es.
Eac
h w
eek
ly
diu
rna
l ra
ng
e
is
the
dif
fere
nce
b
etw
ee
n
that
we
ek
’s
ma
xim
um
a
nd
m
inim
um
tem
per
atu
re.
3.
isoT
T
he
mea
n
diu
rna
l ra
ng
e (p
ara
met
er
2)
div
ided
b
y
the
An
nu
al
Tem
per
atu
re R
an
ge
(pa
ram
eter
7).
4.
Tse
a T
he
tem
per
atu
re C
oef
fi ci
ent
of
Va
riat
ion
(C
of
V)
is t
he
sta
nd
ard
d
evia
tio
n o
f th
e w
eek
ly m
ean
tem
per
atu
res
exp
ress
ed a
s a p
erce
nta
ge
of
the
me
an
o
f th
ose
te
mp
era
ture
s (i
.e.
the
an
nu
al
me
an
).
Fo
r th
is
calc
ula
tio
n,
the
m
ea
n
in
de
gre
es
Ke
lvin
is
u
sed
. T
his
a
vo
ids
the
po
ssib
ilit
y o
f h
avin
g t
o d
ivid
e b
y z
ero
, b
ut
do
es m
ean
th
at t
he
va
lues
are
u
sua
lly
qu
ite
sma
ll.
5.
mxT
wP
Th
e h
igh
est
tem
per
atu
re o
f a
ny
wee
kly
ma
xim
um
tem
per
atu
re.
6.
mn
TcP
Th
e lo
wes
t te
mp
erat
ure
of
an
y w
eek
ly m
inim
um
tem
per
atu
re.
7.
Ta
r T
he
dif
fere
nce
bet
wee
n t
he
Ma
x T
emp
erat
ure
of
Wa
rmes
t P
erio
d a
nd
th
e M
in T
emp
erat
ure
of
Co
ldes
t P
erio
d.
8.
Tw
eQ
Th
e w
ette
st q
ua
rter
of
the
yea
r is
det
erm
ined
(to
th
e n
eare
st w
eek
),
an
d t
he
mea
n t
emp
erat
ure
of
this
per
iod
is
calc
ula
ted
.
9.
Td
rQ T
he
dri
est
qu
art
er o
f th
e y
ear
is d
eter
min
ed (
to t
he
nea
rest
wee
k),
a
nd
th
e m
ean
tem
per
atu
re o
f th
is p
erio
d i
s ca
lcu
late
d.
10.
Tw
mQ
Th
e w
arm
est
qu
art
er o
f th
e y
ear
is d
eter
min
ed (
to t
he
nea
rest
w
eek
), a
nd
th
e m
ean
tem
per
atu
re o
f th
is p
erio
d i
s ca
lcu
late
d.
11.
Tco
Q T
he
cold
est
qu
art
er o
f th
e y
ear
is d
eter
min
ed (
to t
he
nea
rest
wee
k),
a
nd
th
e m
ean
tem
per
atu
re o
f th
is p
erio
d i
s ca
lcu
late
d.
12.
Pa
nn
Th
e su
m o
f a
ll t
he
mo
nth
ly p
reci
pit
atio
n e
stim
ates
.
13.
Pw
eP
Th
e p
reci
pit
atio
n o
f th
e w
ette
st w
eek
or
mo
nth
, d
epen
din
g o
n t
he
tim
e st
ep.
14.
Pse
a T
he
Co
effi
cien
t o
f V
ari
atio
n (
C o
f V
) is
th
e st
an
da
rd d
evia
tio
n o
f th
e w
eek
ly p
reci
pit
atio
n e
stim
ates
ex
pre
ssed
as
a p
erce
nta
ge
of
the
mea
n o
f th
ose
est
imat
es (
i.e.
th
e a
nn
ua
l m
ean
).
15.
Pw
eQ
Th
e w
ette
st q
ua
rter
of
the
yea
r is
det
erm
ined
(to
th
e n
eare
st w
eek
),
an
d t
he
tota
l p
reci
pit
atio
n o
ver
th
is p
erio
d i
s ca
lcu
late
d.
16.
Pw
mQ
Th
e w
arm
est
qu
art
er o
f th
e y
ear
is d
eter
min
ed (
to t
he
nea
rest
w
eek
), a
nd
th
e to
tal
pre
cip
itat
ion
ov
er t
his
per
iod
is
calc
ula
ted
.
17.
Pco
Q T
he
cold
est
qu
art
er o
f th
e y
ear
is d
eter
min
ed (
to t
he
nea
rest
wee
k),
a
nd
th
e to
tal
pre
cip
itat
ion
ov
er t
his
per
iod
is
calc
ula
ted
.
![Page 65: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Pilbara Biodiversity Survey Introduction 67
AP
PE
ND
IX C
So
il c
hem
ica
l d
ata f
or
the
30
4 t
erre
stri
al
bio
div
ersi
ty s
ites
sa
mp
led
du
rin
g t
he
Pil
ba
ra b
iod
iver
sity
su
rvey
. S
ee b
elo
w f
or
des
crip
tio
ns
of
an
aly
sis
met
ho
ds
an
d u
nit
s. R
epo
rted
va
lues
of
<0.
02 f
or
exch
an
gea
ble
cat
ion
s w
ere
trea
ted
as
0.01
me%
fo
r a
ll s
tati
stic
al/
mu
ltiv
ari
ate
an
aly
ses
Sit
e lo
cati
on
s a
re p
rov
ided
in
A
pp
en
dix
A.
Sit
eE
Cp
HS
an
dS
ilt
Cla
yo
rgC
totN
to
tPto
tK
P
ex
Me
tho
de
xC
ae
xM
ge
xN
ae
xK
BD
RN
011
5.6
951.
53.
50.
08
0.0
06
44
0.15
1
a0.
30.
140.
04
0.0
6
BD
RN
02
25.
279
7.5
13.5
0.28
0.02
25
00.
3910
a0.
56
0.2
30.
010.
18
BD
RN
03
15.
886.
54
9.5
0.17
0.01
711
00.
33
2a
0.71
0.31
0.01
0.19
BD
RN
04
25.
77
7.5
814
.50.
23
0.026
33
00.
64
21a
1.24
0.4
20.
010.
33
BD
RN
05
85.
576
.58
15.5
0.5
0.026
220
0.67
4a
1.6
42
.23
0.11
0.24
BD
RN
06
128.
569
.515
15.5
0.6
0.07
329
01.
64
20c
12.6
2.1
40.
06
0.94
BD
RN
076
66.
381
109
0.3
0.0
33
310
0.9
16a
3.28
2.1
70.
44
0.35
BD
RN
08
88.
96
4.5
278.
50.
50.
062
710.
192
c7.
09
1.9
90.
010.
18
BD
RN
09
56.
77
78.
514
.51.
22
0.0
86
690
0.73
14a
3.8
1.37
0.0
60.
54
BD
RN
1015
6.7
6914
.516
.50.
38
0.0
35
25
00.
496
a4.8
41.
44
0.29
0.2
3
BD
RN
112
6.8
80
9.5
10.5
0.4
40.
047
33
00.
9120
a6.
86
6.6
80.
140.
39
BD
RN
121
5.7
86
77
0.72
0.0
3912
02
.510
a1.
240.
520.
03
0.2
BD
RN
132
6.3
80.
58
11.5
0.67
0.0
493
30
1.62
14a
4.3
3.28
0.0
80.
55
BD
RS
0158
5.6
85
4.5
10.5
0.2
20.
031
140
0.6
63
a2
.01
0.98
0.16
0.28
BD
RS
02
36.
476
13.5
10.5
0.4
50.
04
32
201.
1317
a3.
02
1.18
0.0
40.
61
BD
RS
03
25.
68
5.5
59.
50.
390.
038
23
00.
8917
a1.
120.
33
0.01
0.3
BD
RS
04
16.
792
.53
4.5
0.11
0.01
110
01.
399
a1.
42
0.38
0.02
0.18
BD
RS
05
25.
986.
54
9.5
0.18
0.01
693
1.72
4a
10.
670.
04
0.17
BD
RS
06
35.
473
.510
16.5
0.3
30.
032
270
1.2
10a
1.4
80.
510.
02
0.41
BD
RS
072
5.4
875
80.
190.
02
150
1.28
2a
0.6
80.
23
0.01
0.2
BD
RS
08
27
85.
57.
57
0.41
0.0
38
160
1.14
5c
2.3
1.8
30.
010.
23
BD
RS
09
36
84.5
510
.50.
710.
059
220
1.13
6a
2.2
31.
010.
010.
36
BD
RS1
01
6.5
7811
.510
.50.
260.
032
140
1.2
54
a2
.22
1.6
0.0
50.
46
BD
RS1
18
8.8
87.5
75.
50.
63
0.0
5212
01.
196
c6.
521.
45
0.01
0.28
BD
RS1
22
6.5
83
89
0.2
50.
028
140
1.82
6a
1.91
1.52
0.0
60.
37
BD
RS1
36
6.3
77.
512
.510
0.29
0.029
200
2.1
413
a1.
941.
04
0.1
0.4
8
![Page 66: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
68 N.L. McKenzie, S. van Leeuwen, A.M. Pinder
Sit
eE
Cp
HS
an
dS
ilt
Cla
yo
rgC
totN
to
tPto
tK
P
ex
Me
tho
de
xC
ae
xM
ge
xN
ae
xK
DR
C01
128.
576
10.5
13.5
0.6
60.
04
812
00.
83
5c
11.5
22
.68
0.12
0.36
DR
C02
128.
85
0.5
16.5
33
0.4
20.
052
941.
23
4c
19.8
4.0
90.
310.
79
DR
C0
314
7.5
7313
140.
190.
018
120
2.6
613
a4.7
62
.53
0.4
80.
35
DR
C0
412
8.3
7114
.514
.50.
54
0.0
43
220
1.32
14c
10.0
82
.06
0.0
60.
32
DR
C0
511
8.5
70.5
1415
.50.
490.
04
220
01.
1813
c11
.92
.26
0.27
0.36
DR
C0
64
6.4
48.
516
.535
0.69
0.0
518
01.
34
10a
5.4
24.9
10.
130.
5
DR
C07
36.
875
.511
.513
0.36
0.0
44
33
01.
35
24a
4.5
13.
54
0.1
0.49
DR
C0
815
8.2
64
15.5
20.5
1.0
60.
069
420
0.9
39c
13.0
42
.64
0.0
81.
2
DR
C0
94
6.8
7411
150.
40.
036
150
1.32
5a
4.2
3.11
0.13
0.38
DR
C10
57.
275
12.5
12.5
0.62
0.0
48
180
1.32
6a
5.7
2.0
40.
110.
33
DR
C11
67.
271
.512
.516
0.9
0.0
58
210
1.2
28
a9.
524.1
40.
150.
7
DR
C12
110
08.
58
0.5
8.5
110.
30.
017
33
01.
2114
c3.
69.
08
6.18
1.36
DR
E01
110
08.
12
535.
539
.50.
910.
06
44
50
1.81
26c
9.9
12.5
45.
922
.5
DR
E02
89.
197
0.5
2.5
0.2
30.
021
210
2.5
717
c1.
320.
310.
06
0.0
9
DR
E0
359
882
810
0.38
0.0
38
170
2.6
220
c4.0
41.
970.
56
0.4
3
DR
E0
421
8.6
54
17.5
28.
50.
760.
08
48
02
.34
14c
8.02
9.61
0.0
41.
28
DR
E0
524
7.1
84.5
96.
50.
320.
029
210
2.6
727
a2
.52
2.6
80.
40.
96
DR
E0
67
7.6
68.
519
.512
1.0
80.
08
326
02
.04
31a
10.5
43.
28
0.2
31.
62
DR
E07
26.
489
.54.5
60.
390.
028
72
2.7
5a
1.4
50.
77
0.0
40.
23
DR
E0
87
6.5
81.5
99.
50.
760.
05
25
01.
5118
a3.
951.
510.
10.
65
DR
E0
96
7.8
7610
.513
.50.
390.
03
427
01.
63
13a
10.9
51.
88
0.1
0.4
6
DR
E10
48.
681
.59.
59
0.62
0.0
46
970.
965
c3.
88
2.5
40.
08
0.26
DR
E11
67.
782
8.5
9.5
0.51
0.0
43
120
1.0
59
a5.
410.
54
0.0
40.
26
DR
E12
36.
96
418
.517
.50.
48
0.0
3714
01.
7610
a5.
45
2.6
90.
09
0.51
DR
E13
46.
58
46
100.
23
0.02
220
2.5
420
a1.
691.
750.
06
0.28
DR
W01
79.
398
.50.
51
0.26
0.02
324
01.
123
0c
1.38
0.2
30.
070.
04
DR
W02
109.
18
84.5
7.5
0.4
40.
04
215
01.
3214
c5
1.11
0.27
0.4
8
DR
W0
34
7.9
93.5
33.
50.
190.
019
941.
248
c1.
521.
140.
140.
25
DR
W0
411
8.4
874.5
8.5
0.69
0.0
53
120
1.74
6c
5.74
1.8
30.
240.
66
DR
W0
53
47.
169
.516
.514
1.4
40.
112
201.
3213
a10
.69
2.9
20.
310.
87
DR
W0
610
8.9
48.
526
.52
50.
33
0.0
3916
01.
1813
c17
.18
3.16
0.17
0.96
![Page 67: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Pilbara Biodiversity Survey Introduction 69
DR
W07
138.
871
15.5
13.5
0.75
0.0
65
160
1.95
8c
13.4
11.
42
0.17
0.73
DR
W0
83
779
912
0.28
0.027
110
2.9
16
a3.
22
.06
0.1
0.35
DR
W0
97
7.1
72
.514
13.5
10.
081
260
1.1
18a
8.58
4.0
30.
120.
92
DR
W10
47.
373
.512
.514
0.5
0.0
45
170
0.87
8a
8.72
4.7
50.
10.
5
DR
W11
67.
372
.510
.517
0.7
0.0
672
200.
976
a8.
393.
110.
100.
61
DR
W12
53
7.4
6717
.515
.50.
70.
062
310
1.2
219
a8.
474.4
70.
71
DR
W13
140
08.
470
18.5
11.5
0.53
0.0
33
240
1.47
20c
6.2
511
.49
2.4
92
.3
MB
E01
160
8.2
65.
519
.515
0.38
0.0
424
01.
627
c13
.23
3.13
0.6
60.
4
MB
E02
36.
461
16.5
22
.50.
810.
072
35
00.
922
5a
5.6
36.
30.
390.
72
MB
E0
32
7.3
83.
56.
510
0.31
0.029
972
.18
7c
4.3
11.
04
0.01
0.3
4
MB
E0
46
8.4
96.5
21.
50.
260.
0271
3.02
2c
2.4
40.
54
0.01
0.1
MB
E0
54
6.7
77
1211
0.86
0.07
235
02
.17
37a
6.62
2.7
60.
08
0.62
MB
E0
66
5.9
85.
57.
57
0.8
80.
06
62
50
3.29
12a
2.5
20.
68
0.0
80.
31
MB
E07
26.
794
3.5
2.5
0.3
0.026
943.
158
a1.
72
0.74
0.0
40.
34
MB
E0
86
8.5
39.5
22
38.
50.
43
0.0
42
120
1.02
10c
24.1
5.0
40.
160.
99
MB
E0
99
882
.59.
58
0.86
0.0
617
00.
56
8c
11.0
42
.88
0.02
0.41
MB
E11
47.
68
0.5
11.5
80.
520.
03
320
00.
38
7c
7.2
34.6
40.
010.
27
MB
E12
88.
27
711
120.
490.
037
260
1.29
10c
9.14
2.1
20.
010.
24
MB
E13
108.
871
.517
11.5
1.0
80.
105
140
0.4
65
c9.
42
2.2
10.
010.
32
MB
W01
37.
272
1414
0.3
40.
03
317
01.
04
9c
5.6
43.
950.
04
0.39
MB
W02
27.
375
1114
0.4
60.
039
170
1.14
11c
5.97
2.2
60.
010.
43
MB
W0
37
8.8
77.
511
.511
0.59
0.0
53
130
1.14
8c
12.7
81.
65
0.0
40.
42
MB
W0
44
7.6
7910
110.
50.
04
140
0.69
7c
7.41
3.0
60.
020.
3
MB
W0
57
8.7
7614
100.
710.
069
140
1.3
46
c10
.63
2.6
80.
04
0.47
MB
W0
62
674
.58.
517
0.67
0.0
4916
01.
733
a1.
60.
99
0.13
0.5
MB
W07
38.
494
.52
.53
0.2
0.01
910
01.
512
c2
.33
1.0
60.
10.
19
MB
W0
82
6.3
70.5
62
3.5
0.2
0.01
911
02
.24
3a
1.7
1.4
1.11
0.3
3
MB
W0
92
6.4
82.5
512
.50.
240.
02
214
01.
924
a2
.32
1.8
40.
130.
28
MB
W10
47.
186
86
0.31
0.02
512
02
.71
4c
1.75
0.72
0.0
80.
25
MB
W11
26.
18
38.
58.
50.
890.
072
50
3.14
7a
1.8
40.
77
0.13
0.28
MB
W12
16.
58
45.
510
.50.
240.
02
513
03.
673
a1.
911.
22
0.1
0.24
MB
W13
26.
28
0.5
712
.50.
22
0.024
100
3.16
3a
1.96
10.
10.
31
![Page 68: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
70 N.L. McKenzie, S. van Leeuwen, A.M. Pinder
Sit
eE
Cp
HS
an
dS
ilt
Cla
yo
rgC
totN
to
tPto
tK
P
ex
Me
tho
de
xC
ae
xM
ge
xN
ae
xK
NE
013
6.8
72
13.5
14.5
0.71
0.0
5152
01.
183
3a
10.2
58.
490.
03
0.58
NE
02
128.
178
.510
11.5
0.67
0.0
526
00
1.47
25
c13
.78
1.47
0.0
80.
68
NE
03
138.
370
10.5
19.5
0.4
50.
04
226
00.
7412
c24
.16
4.9
20.
070.
55
NE
04
98.
675
.510
.514
0.67
0.0
523
30
1.6
12c
9.2
52
.64
0.07
0.4
6
NE
05
89
70.5
15.5
140.
290.
03
419
01.
9211
c12
.23
0.6
40.
070.
42
NE
06
88.
86
6.5
16.5
170.
240.
031
150
1.4
67
c8.
38
1.92
0.0
60.
61
NE
076
8.2
5111
.537
.50.
34
0.0
44
120
1.82
8c
13.9
4.8
30.
161.
11
NE
08
37.
478
.57
14.5
0.18
0.02
170
0.8
56
a3.
011.
690.
010.
33
NE
09
98.
68
011
.58.
50.
740.
062
130
0.8
87
c9.
011.
33
0.0
60.
33
NE
107
8.3
74.5
1411
.50.
570.
052
23
01.
1817
c7.
162
0.0
60.
53
NE
1110
7.9
7910
.510
.50.
310.
032
220
1.0
416
c6.
88
2.2
10.
010.
3
NE
121
6.3
92.5
34.5
0.26
0.02
68
1.71
2a
0.93
0.26
0.01
0.12
NE
131
6.1
96.5
0.5
30.
110.
00
953
1.17
2a
0.4
60.
120.
010.
04
NW
012
6.7
85.
56.
58
0.24
0.026
160
2.0
212
a2
.36
0.93
0.01
0.2
NW
02
410
9.8
65
2411
0.26
0.029
760.
673
c1.
30.
1520
0.39
NW
03
26.
581
8.5
10.5
0.36
0.0
38
370
3.11
28
a2
.67
1.4
0.02
0.41
NW
04
36.
275
1213
0.6
50.
04
635
02
13a
2.8
92
.51
0.01
0.3
NW
05
110
10.1
85
105
0.28
0.02
72
201.
176
c1.
240.
34
5.57
0.14
NW
06
26.
78
5.5
86.
50.
270.
02
589
1.41
4a
1.8
30.
930.
010.
12
NW
076
38.
36
3.5
2115
.50.
510.
052
28
01.
876
c6.
25
1.81
0.49
0.39
NW
08
67.
272
.515
12.5
0.9
90.
061
130
1.0
94
a5.
952
.11
0.01
0.2
2
NW
09
47.
38
47.
58.
50.
390.
04
190
2.4
113
a7.
11.
920.
020
0.26
0
NW
109
986.
57
6.5
0.7
70.
057
180
2.8
96
c6.
66
0.87
0.4
50.
36
NW
114
7.7
83.
57
9.5
0.2
50.
026
210
1.01
14c
4.1
81.
83
0.01
0.27
NW
122
6.6
84
79
0.32
0.02
315
01.
1715
a1.
921.
06
0.02
0.2
OY
E01
48
25.
528
46.
50.
270.
03
392
0.9
93
c2
3.4
38.
020.
56
1.35
OY
E02
26.
87
77.
515
.50.
310.
03
426
00.
9316
a5.
24.1
60.
10.
42
OY
E0
32
6.3
64.
514
.521
0.4
60.
053
30
01.
68
19a
3.62
3.2
30.
150.
49
OY
E0
43
6.7
829.
58.
50.
570.
049
48
02
.02
27a
5.01
1.79
0.1
0.95
OY
E0
54
6.3
63.
519
17.5
0.76
0.0
635
01.
629
a5.
33
2.0
10.
10.
58
OY
E0
612
8.3
5731
121.
70.
134
28
01.
278
c16
.48
1.58
0.01
1.6
4
![Page 69: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Pilbara Biodiversity Survey Introduction 71
OY
E07
118.
56
524
111.
670.
164
30
00.
910
c19
.91.
140.
010.
82
OY
E0
86
5.6
64.5
1421
.50.
40.
039
390
0.6
7a
2.4
51.
20.
160.
32
OY
E0
97
8.6
72
208
0.79
0.0
837
01.
2913
c11
.08
3.49
0.01
0.5
OY
E10
26.
678
.59.
512
0.4
0.0
3153
00.
617
a3.
45
1.61
0.07
0.4
2
OY
E11
25.
978
1111
0.75
0.0
5767
00.
6114
a2
.61
1.02
0.0
50.
29
OY
E12
46.
858.
529
.512
1.02
0.07
153
00.
752
2a
7.9
92
.39
0.15
1.0
8
OY
E13
26.
372
.515
12.5
1.07
0.0
63
44
00.
5711
a4.9
61.
65
0.0
80.
38
OY
W01
46.
28
4.5
78.
50.
28
0.02
317
00.
733
a1.
210.
570.
10.
28
OY
W02
46.
53
3.5
41.5
25
1.12
0.11
13
00
2.4
219
a6.
32
.37
0.2
21.
01
OY
W0
376
8.6
63
23
140.
38
0.0
45
160
1.36
6c
51.
63
0.67
0.2
3
OY
W0
492
6.9
74.5
14.5
110.
22
0.02
517
01.
09
3a
3.16
1.52
1.24
0.2
5
OY
W0
53
6.9
769
150.
160.
018
170
0.7
74
a2
.28
1.98
0.16
0.28
OY
W0
614
7.1
769
150.
190.
019
180
0.7
4c
5.32
1.4
80.
30.
34
OY
W07
27.
18
5.5
8.5
60.
40.
03
421
00.
924
c3.
010.
920.
010.
38
OY
W0
87
6.4
80
911
0.31
0.0
34
35
00.
828
a2
.31.
240.
150.
32
OY
W0
92
6.2
759.
515
.50.
20.
021
43
00.
58
9a
1.98
1.36
0.1
0.4
OY
W10
26.
172
1216
0.31
0.0
320
01.
0210
a2
.23
1.15
0.0
80.
51
OY
W11
26.
77
7.5
6.5
160.
34
0.0
316
00.
755
a2
.04
1.0
60.
130.
37
OY
W12
946.
786
4.5
9.5
0.1
0.01
411
01.
014
a1.
571.
20.
590.
26
OY
W13
16.
69
02
80.
130.
013
77
0.72
2a
0.87
0.6
60.
06
0.16
PE
017
7.4
29.5
25.
54
50.
470.
04
627
01.
319
a15
.47
8.56
0.35
1.24
PE
02
26.
371
13.5
15.5
0.28
0.02
338
00.
85
8a
2.4
11.
490.
03
0.59
PE
03
78
213
34
60.
46
0.0
48
240
1.4
29
c14
.45
4.7
90.
09
1.6
5
PE
04
46.
262
15.5
22
.50.
50.
041
240
2.1
86
a3.
55
1.75
0.0
40.
62
PE
05
44
8.1
36
214
30.
310.
03
316
01.
249
c15
.32
6.95
1.28
1.18
PE
06
45.
74
4.5
28
27.5
0.6
80.
051
270
1.2
9a
3.6
1.3
30.
02
0.73
PE
072
5.6
68
12.5
19.5
0.86
0.0
66
270
1.6
67
a2
.07
0.94
0.01
0.4
2
PE
08
36.
567
1419
1.35
0.0
9252
01.
46
34
a7.
412
.62
0.0
30.
93
PE
09
26.
86
3.5
10.5
260.
56
0.0
55
30
01.
54
12a
4.5
23.
890.
04
0.73
PE
104
7.2
33.
518
.54
80.
390.
039
150
1.29
6a
14.3
112
.30.
170.
88
PE
113
5.6
7114
150.
58
0.0
4936
00.
72
8a
1.8
0.9
0.01
0.35
PE
129
8.4
76.5
149.
51.
120.
087
30
02
.06
12c
14.1
41.
890.
04
0.4
3
![Page 70: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
72 N.L. McKenzie, S. van Leeuwen, A.M. Pinder
Sit
eE
Cp
HS
an
dS
ilt
Cla
yo
rgC
totN
to
tPto
tK
P
ex
Me
tho
de
xC
ae
xM
ge
xN
ae
xK
PH
YC
011
5.3
91.5
1.5
70.
22
0.01
258
0.19
3a
0.35
0.15
0.0
50.
07
PH
YC
02
30
5.9
766
180.
760.
037
86
0.38
2a
1.4
40.
820.
70.
32
PH
YC
03
36.
589
5.5
5.5
0.52
0.0
38
160
1.7
10a
1.89
0.7
0.12
0.18
PH
YC
04
48.
293
.53.
53
0.56
0.0
3998
2.2
8c
3.98
1.12
0.01
0.3
PH
YC
05
150
9.1
67.5
19.5
130.
58
0.0
53
220
1.49
10c
8.28
1.5
7.0
40.
25
PH
YC
06
26.
48
45
110.
28
0.024
110
1.8
39
a1.
620.
85
0.0
80.
27
PH
YC
073
6.6
79.5
9.5
110.
820.
06
220
1.6
614
a3.
61.
28
0.12
0.4
2
PH
YC
08
78.
978
12.5
9.5
0.4
40.
04
318
01.
22
10c
11.3
40.
64
0.01
0.31
PH
YC
09
79.
279
.510
.510
0.51
0.0
4798
0.6
67
c7.
011.
20.
010.
2
PH
YC
107
9.1
78.5
129.
50.
54
0.0
43
140
0.8
48
c6.
70.
920.
010.
29
PH
YC
112
6.4
85
510
0.6
0.0
34
270
0.81
12c
1.67
0.59
0.01
0.2
2
PH
YC
127
8.4
50
1436
0.26
0.0
386
0.91
6c
19.5
13.
72
0.1
0.67
PH
YE
011
6.4
98
0.
1
20.
05
0.
001
21
0.39
1
a0.
260.
08
0.01
0.02
PH
YE
02
15.
995
.50.
54
0.0
90.
007
33
0.36
1a
0.36
0.18
0.01
0.0
5
PH
YE
03
68
85
87
0.49
0.0
45
980.
65
c6.
161.
160.
070.
27
PH
YE
04
26.
98
44
120.
22
0.01
66
30.
77
2a
2.2
51.
42
0.0
40.
27
PH
YE
05
88.
16
4.5
1916
.50.
83
0.07
224
01.
42
21c
10.5
23.
470.
070.
6
PH
YE
06
98.
971
.513
.515
0.5
0.0
43
99
0.7
2c
12.8
81.
28
0.0
40.
48
PH
YE
072
6.4
768
160.
240.
026
160
1.0
87
a1.
742
.16
0.18
0.4
3
PH
YE
08
138.
44
5.5
1638.
50.
23
0.0
38
30.
763
c24
.49
2.4
40.
10.
54
PH
YE
09
26.
882
9.5
8.5
0.27
0.0
38
310
1.52
25
a3.
48
3.79
0.14
0.4
PH
YE
103
887
5.5
7.5
0.29
0.024
100
2.4
17
c2
.98
0.69
0.01
0.31
PH
YE
112
889
3.5
7.5
0.16
0.01
381
2.0
15
c2
.27
0.71
0.01
0.15
PH
YE
122
6.6
84.5
7.5
80.
520.
031
220
1.0
912
a3.
22
1.17
0.1
0.2
3
PH
YE
131
6.4
896
50.
320.
02
512
01.
68
7a
1.92
0.8
0.0
50.
18
PH
YW
015
9.2
95.5
22
.50.
260.
026
36
01.
613
3c
1.96
0.26
0.01
0.0
8
PH
YW
02
168.
73
436
30
0.89
0.0
984
40
1.62
23
c14
.64
9.3
0.4
41.
18
PH
YW
03
26.
582
.57.
510
0.26
0.024
25
01.
624
a2
1.69
0.0
80.
4
PH
YW
04
26.
387
.54
8.5
0.28
0.01
789
0.55
4a
1.1
0.49
0.0
60.
17
PH
YW
05
36
68
824
0.2
20.
032
130
0.79
11a
1.24
3.0
90.
390.
48
PH
YW
06
15.
491
.52
70.
310.
018
590.
243
a0.
46
0.18
0.0
30.
08
![Page 71: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Pilbara Biodiversity Survey Introduction 73
PH
YW
077
7.9
61.5
16.5
22
1.07
0.0
822
30
1.98
29c
9.16
5.2
21.
03
0.6
5
PH
YW
08
36.
582
99
0.93
0.0
6932
01.
753
4a
3.21
1.97
0.0
60.
52
PH
YW
09
46.
58
3.5
7.5
91.
320.
09
94
201.
6739
a4.2
21.
940.
070.
64
PH
YW
101
6.3
88.
55.
56
0.28
0.01
775
2.2
15
a1.
210.
960.
010.
18
PH
YW
111
6.2
90.
53.
56
0.28
0.01
56
52
.71
3a
0.98
0.6
80.
02
0.15
PH
YW
122
686.
53.
510
0.3
0.01
971
2.4
63
a1.
180.
620.
03
0.18
PH
YW
132
6.6
896
50.
38
0.026
110
2.6
411
a2
.28
1.0
60.
06
0.31
PW
013
6.7
66
1519
0.92
0.0
5726
01.
99
12a
5.8
44.2
60.
08
0.56
PW
02
57.
371
1118
0.6
40.
047
23
01.
819
a11
.92
4.5
0.0
60.
64
PW
03
46.
757
.516
.526
0.98
0.0
63
410
1.61
16a
6.67
3.31
0.0
80.
65
PW
04
57.
921
26.5
52.5
0.28
0.0
316
80.
962
c27
.210
.16
0.89
1.0
5
PW
05
46
08.
25
4.5
26.5
193.
270.
252
260
0.86
8c
11.9
420
.13
4.6
32
.41
PW
06
36.
379
912
0.36
0.028
390
0.35
7a
2.1
91
0.0
80.
37
PW
0714
8.6
29.5
31.5
390.
84
0.07
520
01.
110
c32
.37
2.4
60.
111.
68
PW
08
118.
753
28
191.
110.
08
418
00.
83
5c
24.4
52
.43
0.15
1.01
PW
09
160
8.3
64
2115
2.1
0.16
72
30
0.96
6c
13.9
29.
33
1.75
1.93
PW
104
6.3
51.5
30
18.5
1.7
0.0
9821
01.
46
2a
4.4
22
.37
0.0
40.
41
PW
1121
6.2
66.
514
19.5
0.4
80.
036
130
0.8
54
a3.
261.
940.
28
0.3
3
PW
122
6.6
62.5
1324
.50.
33
0.0
4939
01.
753
0a
3.7
4.8
80.
05
0.6
6
PW
133
767
1617
0.6
0.0
522
50
1.6
515
a6.
734.1
30.
070.
92
RH
NC
012
5.9
73.5
9.5
170.
80.
04
824
00.
64
a3.
130.
980.
010.
6
RH
NC
02
88.
975
.513
.511
0.55
0.0
56
130
0.35
8c
6.79
1.15
0.0
50.
28
RH
NC
03
45.
839
35.
52
5.5
0.3
40.
04
532
00.
85
8a
2.9
42
.68
0.0
80.
77
RH
NC
04
36.
46
418
.517
.52
.18
0.10
33
40
1.12
8a
4.7
71.
54
0.01
0.55
RH
NC
05
87.
25
026
240.
60.
055
610
0.9
941
a6.
170.
810.
011.
4
RH
NC
06
25
74.5
11.5
140.
23
0.02
541
00.
618
a0.
910.
40.
010.
29
RH
NC
0718
5.8
73.5
10.5
161.
48
0.0
9432
00.
784
a4.4
61.
35
0.0
50.
55
RH
NC
08
108.
47
7.5
1111
.50.
84
0.0
68
140
0.36
7c
13.1
43.
04
0.0
60.
34
RH
NC
09
27
77
149
0.6
80.
059
28
02
.05
7a
6.57
2.0
50.
010.
46
RH
NC
109
8.4
877.
55.
50.
760.
06
25
00.
523
c6.
781.
760.
03
0.57
RH
NC
112
68
0.5
811
.51.
180.
06
341
00.
68
6a
2.6
90.
77
0.01
0.3
4
RH
NC
1214
6.4
75.5
1212
.50.
760.
057
270
0.78
6a
4.1
41.
270.
04
0.4
![Page 72: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
74 N.L. McKenzie, S. van Leeuwen, A.M. Pinder
Sit
eE
Cp
HS
an
dS
ilt
Cla
yo
rgC
totN
to
tPto
tK
P
ex
Me
tho
de
xC
ae
xM
ge
xN
ae
xK
RH
NC
138
8.8
90
55
0.53
0.0
412
50
0.6
55
c6.
53
1.51
0.0
50.
55
RH
NE
011
6.4
960.
53.
50.
10.
011
200
1.28
2a
1.01
0.6
40.
010.
24
RH
NE
02
37.
67
715
80.
160.
019
28
01.
414
a1.
761.
190.
28
0.7
7
RH
NE
03
46.
156.
517
26.5
0.5
0.0
532
01.
5119
a3.
46
1.6
0.02
0.71
RH
NE
04
76.
68
06.
513
.50.
150.
016
110
2.1
63
a1.
511.
68
0.31
0.5
RH
NE
05
37.
591
4.5
4.5
0.26
0.02
120
2.1
98
a2
.28
0.67
0.02
0.55
RH
NE
06
118.
771
.514
.514
0.6
0.0
5726
01.
54
18c
7.53
2.5
0.01
0.91
RH
NE
0719
00
7.5
72
16.5
11.5
0.4
20.
02
32
50
1.71
14c
8.11
4.2
82
.16
2.7
3
RH
NE
08
76.
174
.511
14.5
0.59
0.0
55
310
0.9
11a
3.41
1.0
30.
070.
53
RH
NE
09
98.
672
1513
0.6
30.
06
62
50
0.95
9c
16.5
1.0
50.
010.
83
RH
NE
103
5.7
58.
514
.527
0.4
60.
04
229
00.
577
a2
.42
1.9
0.0
80.
45
RH
NE
112
6.8
759.
515
.50.
42
0.0
4941
00.
55
19a
10.1
910
.71
0.0
40.
44
RH
NE
1210
8.2
78.5
813
.50.
60.
056
270
1.3
414
c14
.29
4.1
50.
010.
59
RH
NW
015
679
9.5
11.5
1.2
50.
08
43
40
0.71
5a
3.4
30.
83
0.0
60.
39
RH
NW
02
25.
979
9.5
11.5
0.41
0.0
33
33
00.
72
6a
1.82
0.67
0.02
0.37
RH
NW
03
26.
286.
54.5
90.
210.
016
40
00.
53
27a
1.3
40.
64
0.01
0.3
3
RH
NW
04
96.
84
327
.529
.50.
820.
078
46
01.
45
14a
10.5
53.
140.
25
1.47
RH
NW
05
87.
851
.517
31.5
0.35
0.0
424
01.
53
17c
7.7
2.4
20.
61.
28
RH
NW
06
108.
14
82
23
00.
520.
056
200
1.41
7c
13.1
12
.50.
03
1.8
4
RH
NW
078
5.8
66.
513
20.5
0.6
0.0
493
40
1.0
68
a3.
83
0.8
0.02
0.52
RH
NW
08
68.
13
418
48
0.4
80.
052
140
0.8
415
c4
05.
83
0.2
31.
12
RH
NW
09
26.
876
9.5
14.5
0.32
0.0
427
01.
1619
a6.
957.
240.
04
0.6
6
RH
NW
103
6.4
63
1720
1.6
60.
113
36
01.
249
a6.
591.
72
0.01
0.67
RH
NW
115
7.9
45
16.5
38.
50.
42
0.0
472
30
1.5
12c
9.27
2.7
20.
11.
41
RH
NW
1211
00
8.6
65
278
0.6
40.
058
200
1.27
4c
6.82
6.95
5.0
33.
95
RH
NW
1321
7.4
787.
514
.50.
270.
024
160
0.82
5c
2.8
40.
99
0.27
1.12
TC
MB
C01
117.
486.
56.
57
0.0
80.
013
180
1.24
7c
2.4
12
.01
0.32
0.5
4
TC
MB
C02
166.
781
.512
6.5
0.11
0.01
73
00
0.9
9a
2.4
11.
690.
320.
32
TC
MB
C0
39
975
.515
.59
0.4
0.0
598
0.57
2c
8.8
43.
84
0.01
0.3
TC
MB
C0
43
6.1
60.
518
.521
0.26
0.0
34
310
1.02
7a
2.0
71.
760.
010.
48
TC
MB
C0
53
5.7
6713
.519
.50.
66
0.0
573
40
1.02
7a
2.4
10.
85
0.0
40.
4
![Page 73: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Pilbara Biodiversity Survey Introduction 75
TC
MB
C0
63
5.4
80.
56.
513
0.62
0.0
4732
01
5a
1.0
80.
77
0.01
0.28
TC
MB
C07
88.
386.
56.
57
0.2
20.
029
320
1.2
7c
2.3
61.
65
0.37
0.3
4
TC
MB
C0
82
672
1117
0.21
0.024
36
00.
769
a2
.21
1.51
0.0
30.
33
TC
MB
C0
93
6.4
75.5
915
.50.
410.
04
55
40
1.4
431
a3.
34
1.71
0.0
40.
52
TC
MB
C10
88.
693
.52
.54
0.41
0.0
33
30
01.
826
c5.
021.
66
0.13
0.41
TC
MB
C11
98.
879
147
0.61
0.07
210
0.95
14c
8.26
0.7
70.
10.
83
TC
MB
C12
25.
967
.515
17.5
0.21
0.027
34
01.
1412
a1.
811.
070.
02
0.4
6
TC
MB
E01
45.
972
1216
0.58
0.0
44
33
00.
55
5a
2.4
70.
86
0.0
30.
38
TC
MB
E02
26.
46
5.5
15.5
190.
54
0.0
46
290
0.92
5a
3.62
1.26
0.2
0.6
TC
MB
E0
32
67
7.5
1012
.50.
620.
051
260
0.6
53
a2
.26
1.27
0.16
0.37
TC
MB
E0
42
6.3
77
914
0.3
0.02
831
00.
494
a2
.06
0.91
0.0
30.
33
TC
MB
E0
52
670
.513
.516
0.95
0.0
66
45
00.
616
a3.
05
0.8
80.
010.
53
TC
MB
E0
65
6.3
40
33
270.
510.
056
54
01.
118
a6.
48
1.93
0.0
61.
24
TC
MB
E07
108.
876
.515
.58
0.56
0.0
56
270
0.52
5c
9.24
2.0
20.
09
0.56
TC
MB
E0
85
7.4
86
6.5
7.5
0.74
0.0
56
30
00.
762
c5.
612
.04
0.0
80.
77
TC
MB
E0
94
672
.512
.515
1.0
80.
077
420
0.59
6a
3.93
0.96
0.0
60.
45
TC
MB
E10
47.
824
.528.
547
0.3
40.
039
950.
77
2c
23.
279.
510.
56
1.31
TC
MB
E11
46.
46
5.5
16.5
181.
170.
121
290
1.07
13a
5.0
81.
86
0.07
0.89
TC
MB
E12
97
61.5
19.5
192
.04
0.20
16
40
0.97
82c
9.4
61.
56
1.0
61.
29
TC
MB
E13
26.
774
1313
1.3
30.
108
200
0.4
34
a11
.14
4.4
80.
05
0.37
TC
MB
W01
26.
98
59.
55.
50.
160.
024
240
2.0
719
a1.
910.
930.
010.
33
TC
MB
W02
78.
18
010
.59.
50.
33
0.0
36
180
2.6
613
c5.
691.
20.
06
0.41
TC
MB
W0
33
5.9
79.5
1010
.50.
44
0.0
324
60
0.52
5a
1.7
0.56
0.01
0.2
3
TC
MB
W0
427
6.4
67.5
17.5
150.
610.
0721
01.
23
10a
5.71
5.0
60.
23
0.4
4
TC
MB
W0
510
8.9
65.
526
8.5
1.17
0.13
117
00.
45
3c
9.6
63.
77
0.14
0.4
4
TC
MB
W0
64
5.9
5919
22
1.19
0.10
451
00.
7411
a3.
911.
130.
10.
63
TC
MB
W07
25.
85
4.5
1926
.50.
520.
04
647
00.
63
11a
2.9
11.
010.
10.
64
TC
MB
W0
811
8.4
42
2731
0.5
40.
061
25
01.
1115
c13
.82
6.52
0.2
1.27
TC
MB
W0
99
5.5
49.5
25
25.
50.
510.
04
34
200.
76
a4.0
51.
38
0.16
0.8
8
TC
MB
W10
46.
33
4.5
42
23.
50.
68
0.0
66
470
0.86
10a
5.29
1.97
0.17
1.3
TC
MB
W11
26.
26
3.5
19.5
170.
70.
05
447
00.
72
13a
3.8
31.
33
0.15
0.58
TC
MB
W12
47.
619
.532
48.
50.
390.
041
240
0.96
15c
19.6
510
.39
0.27
1.28
![Page 74: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
76 N.L. McKenzie, S. van Leeuwen, A.M. Pinder
Sit
eE
Cp
HS
an
dS
ilt
Cla
yo
rgC
totN
to
tPto
tK
P
ex
Me
tho
de
xC
ae
xM
ge
xN
ae
xK
TC
MB
W13
135.
678
1012
0.29
0.026
46
00.
55
5a
1.79
1.1
0.17
0.29
WY
E01
46
7910
.510
.50.
70.
06
559
00.
9527
a5.
621.
23
0.01
0.62
WY
E02
67.
651
.531
17.5
0.82
0.0
8224
01.
0110
a11
.98
4.6
20.
130.
62
WY
E0
34
7.4
77.
515
.57
0.4
40.
036
40
00.
56
17a
4.8
32
.64
0.02
0.2
5
WY
E0
455
7.9
57.5
22
20.5
0.35
0.0
38
200
1.14
16c
8.92
2.3
70.
071
WY
E0
52
6.9
8110
.58.
50.
35
0.0
372
30
0.95
9a
43.
610.
03
0.32
WY
E0
63
6.2
79.5
7.5
130.
210.
021
160
2.7
67
a1.
571.
210.
04
0.38
WY
E07
126.
786.
56.
57
0.35
0.0
3916
02
.13
8a
2.3
71
0.36
0.67
WY
E0
814
67
711
120.
920.
08
120
01.
2610
0a
3.3
41.
55
0.0
90.
9
WY
E0
912
8.2
7615
.58.
50.
980.
091
470
1.51
21c
8.71
2.8
80.
190.
65
WY
E10
26.
48
3.5
9.5
70.
870.
077
43
00.
747
a3.
141
0.02
0.37
WY
E11
55.
67
711
121.
130.
094
820
1.8
514
0a
4.0
61.
58
0.02
0.62
WY
E12
16.
678
.59
12.5
0.26
0.0
35
34
02
16a
2.5
64.3
10.
010.
47
WY
E13
46.
976
8.5
15.5
0.6
30.
047
33
00.
8712
a4.0
11.
820.
02
0.59
WY
W01
50
6.4
72
.515
.512
0.21
0.024
150
1.26
5a
2.1
22
.08
0.38
0.27
WY
W02
26.
77
7.5
148.
50.
260.
028
170
1.56
6a
2.2
81.
210.
010.
21
WY
W0
310
6.6
7813
90.
130.
015
150
1.0
58
a2
.32
1.0
30.
160.
28
WY
W0
41
6.4
97.5
0.5
20.
08
0.0
05
55
0.4
42
a0.
44
0.1
0.01
0.0
3
WY
W0
53
6.5
82.5
8.5
90.
43
0.0
3918
01.
25
6a
2.2
10.
50.
010.
22
WY
W0
62
782
.55.
512
0.18
0.01
913
01.
796
a2
.71.
05
0.01
0.27
WY
W07
26
75.5
816
.50.
28
0.028
170
2.1
210
a1.
38
10.
03
0.4
2
WY
W0
81
69
0.5
36.
50.
130.
012
110
2.0
26
a0.
72
0.5
0.01
0.14
WY
W0
97
8.5
80.
512
.57
0.38
0.0
44
180
1.27
7c
4.9
91.
58
0.07
0.32
WY
W10
26.
281
910
0.2
30.
027
150
1.0
96
a1.
88
1.19
0.02
0.3
WY
W11
46.
787
6.5
6.5
0.26
0.029
180
1.35
16a
2.1
60.
920.
04
0.4
4
WY
W12
36.
38
4.5
96.
50.
38
0.0
3916
01.
44
7a
2.4
30.
950.
010.
21
![Page 75: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Pilbara Biodiversity Survey Introduction 77
Fie
ld S
am
pli
ng
S
am
ple
s fo
r a
na
lysi
s w
ere
ba
sed
on
co
mp
osi
te (
bu
lked
) sa
mp
les
tak
en f
rom
th
e fl
ori
stic
qu
adra
t at
eac
h s
urv
ey s
ite.
Ten
su
b-s
am
ple
s w
ere
tak
en f
rom
a
reg
ula
r g
rid
co
ver
ing
eac
h 5
0 x
50
m q
uad
rat.
Su
b-s
am
ple
s w
ere
tak
en
fro
m t
he
A1
ho
riz
on
at
a u
nif
orm
dep
th b
etw
een
5–1
5 c
m.
Bu
lked
sa
mp
les
each
ab
ou
t 2
kg
wer
e a
ir d
ried
in
th
e fi
eld
pri
or
to d
eliv
ery
to
th
e la
bo
rato
ry.
Ch
em
ica
l A
na
lysi
s M
eth
od
s.A
ll a
na
lyse
s w
ere
con
du
cted
by
th
e W
este
rn A
ust
rali
an
Ch
emis
try
Cen
tre,
P
erth
.
EC
(1
:5)
mS
/mM
easu
red
by
co
nd
uct
ivit
y m
eter
at
25°
C o
n a
1:5
ex
trac
t o
f so
il a
nd
dei
on
ised
w
ater
.
Ray
men
t, G
.E.
an
d H
igg
inso
n,
F.R
. (1
992
). E
lect
rica
l C
on
du
ctiv
ity
pp
15
–16.
In:
Aus
tral
ian
Labo
rato
ry H
andb
ook
of S
oil a
nd W
ater
Che
mic
al M
etho
ds.
Ink
ata P
ress
: M
elb
ou
rne.
(M
eth
od
3A
1).
pH
(H
2O
)M
easu
red
by
pH
met
er o
n a
1:5
ex
trac
t o
f so
il i
n d
eio
nis
ed w
ater
.
Ray
men
t, G
.E.
an
d H
igg
inso
n,
F.R
. (1
992
). S
oil
pH
. p
p 1
7–18
In:
Aus
tral
ian
Lab
orat
ory
Han
dboo
k of
Soi
l an
d W
ater
Che
mic
al M
etho
ds.
Ink
ata
P
ress
, M
elb
ou
rne.
(M
eth
od
4A
1).
Pa
rtic
le S
izin
g (
% s
an
d,
silt
, cl
ay)
Det
erm
ined
by
mo
difi
ed
‘p
lum
met
’ p
roce
du
re.
So
il d
isp
erse
d w
ith
a s
olu
tio
n
of
Ca
lgo
n -
so
diu
m h
yd
rox
ide,
th
en s
ilt
(0.0
02–
0.02
0 m
m)
an
d c
lay
(<
0.0
02
mm
) w
as
mea
sure
d b
y d
ensi
ty m
easu
rem
ents
usi
ng
a p
lum
met
aft
er s
tan
da
rd
sett
lin
g t
imes
.
Lo
ved
ay,
J. (
ed)
(197
4).
Met
hods
for
Ana
lysi
s of
Irr
igat
ed S
oils
. C
om
mo
nw
ealt
h
Bu
rea
u
of
So
ils,
T
ec
hn
ica
l C
om
mu
nic
ati
on
N
o.
54
, C
om
mo
nw
ea
lth
A
gri
cult
ura
l B
ure
aux
: F
arn
ha
m R
oy
al,
En
gla
nd
.
totN
(%
)T
ota
l n
itro
gen
mea
sure
d b
y K
jeld
ah
l d
iges
tio
n o
f so
il.
Ray
men
t, G
.E.
an
d H
igg
inso
n,
F.R
. (1
992
). S
oil
pH
. p
p 4
1–4
3 I
n:
Aus
tral
ian
Lab
orat
ory
Han
dboo
k of
Soi
l an
d W
ater
Che
mic
al M
etho
ds.
Ink
ata
P
ress
: M
elb
ou
rne.
(M
eth
od
7A
2).
totP
(m
g/k
g)
Me
asu
red
b
y
colo
rim
etr
y
on
th
e
Kje
lda
hl
dig
est
fo
r to
tal
N
usi
ng
a
mo
difi
cat
ion
of
the
Mu
rph
y a
nd
Ril
ey m
oly
bd
enu
m b
lue
pro
ced
ure
.
Mu
rph
y, J
. a
nd
Ril
ey,
J.P.
(19
62).
A m
od
ifi e
d s
ing
le s
olu
tio
n m
eth
od
fo
r th
e d
eter
min
atio
n o
f p
ho
sph
ate
in n
atu
ral
wat
ers.
Ana
lyti
ca C
him
ica
Act
a 27:
31–
36.
org
C (
%)
Det
erm
ined
by
th
e m
eth
od
of
Wa
lkle
y a
nd
Bla
ck.
Wa
lkle
y, A
., a
nd
Bla
ck,
I.A
. (1
934)
. A
n e
xa
min
atio
n o
f th
e D
egtj
are
ff m
eth
od
fo
r d
ete
rmin
ing
so
il
org
an
ic
mat
ter
an
d
a
pro
po
sed
m
od
ifi c
atio
n
of
the
chro
mic
aci
d t
itra
tio
n m
eth
od
. So
il Sc
ienc
e 37
: 29
–38.
K (
XR
F)
(%)
Ex
trac
ted
in
0.5
M N
aH
CO
3 (
1:10
0) u
sin
g t
he
pro
ced
ure
of
Jeff
erey
.
Jeff
erey
R.
(198
2).
Mea
sure
men
t of
Pot
assi
um i
n 0.
5M N
aHC
O3
Ext
ract
s of
Soi
l by
Fla
me
AA
S.
An
nu
al
Te
chn
ica
l R
ep
ort
N
o.
2,
Ag
ricu
ltu
ral
Ch
em
istr
y
La
bo
rato
ry,
Go
ver
nm
ent
Ch
emic
al
La
bo
rato
ries
: W
este
rn A
ust
rali
a.
P (
HC
O3)
mg
/kg
Ex
trac
ted
in
0.5
M N
aH
CO
3 (
1:10
0) u
sin
g t
he
pro
ced
ure
of
Co
lwel
l.
Co
lwel
l,
J.D
. (1
963)
. T
he
est
imat
ion
o
f p
ho
sph
oru
s fe
rtil
izer
re
qu
irem
net
s o
n w
hea
t in
so
uth
er N
ew S
ou
th W
ale
s, b
y s
oil
an
aly
sis.
Aus
tral
ian
Jour
nal
of
Agr
icul
ture
and
Ani
mal
Hus
band
ry 3
: 19
0–1
97.
ex
Me
tho
d:
ex
Ca
, e
xM
g,
ex
Na
, e
xK
(m
e%)
Exch
an
gea
ble
Cat
ion
s w
ere
mea
sure
d b
y i
nd
uct
ivel
y c
ou
ple
d p
lasm
a -
ato
mic
em
issi
on
sp
ectr
op
ho
tom
etry
(IC
P-A
ES).
So
lub
le s
alt
s w
ere
rem
ov
ed f
rom
so
ils
wit
h E
C (
1:5)
>20
mS/
m b
y w
ash
ing
wit
h g
lyco
l-et
ha
no
l. C
atio
ns
an
aly
sed
u
sin
g o
ne
of
thre
e ex
trac
tio
n m
eth
od
s:
a)
1M N
H4
Cl
at p
H 7
.0 -
Use
d f
or
neu
tra
l so
ils
(pH
bet
wee
n 6
.5 &
8.0
).
R
aym
ent,
G.E
. &
Hig
gin
son
, F.
R.
(19
92).
Io
n-e
xch
an
ge
Pro
per
ties
. In
:
Aus
tral
ian
Labo
rato
ry H
andb
ook
of S
oil a
nd W
ater
Che
mic
al M
etho
ds.
Ink
ata
P
ress
, M
elb
ou
rne
pp
138
–145.
(M
eth
od
15A
1, 1
5A2)
.
b)
0.1M
BaC
l2 (
un
bu
ffer
ed)
- U
sed
fo
r ac
idic
so
ils
on
ly (
pH
<6.
5)
U
np
ub
lish
ed W
A A
gri
cult
ura
l C
hem
istr
y L
ab
ora
tory
pro
ced
ure
.
C
atio
ns
(Ca,
Mg
, N
a, K
, A
l &
Mg
) w
ere
mea
sure
d b
y I
CP
-AE
S.
c)
1M N
H4
Cl
at p
H 8
.5 -
Use
d f
or
calc
are
ou
s so
ils
Mo
difi
ed
met
ho
d f
rom
Ray
men
t, G
.E.
& H
igg
inso
n,
F.R
. (1
992
). I
on
-exch
an
ge
Pro
per
ties
p
p
148
–15
4.
In:
Aus
tral
ian
Labo
rato
ry H
andb
ook
of S
oil
and
Wat
er
Che
mic
al M
etho
ds.
Ink
ata P
ress
: M
elb
ou
rne.
(M
eth
od
15C
1).
![Page 76: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
78 N.L. McKenzie, S. van Leeuwen, A.M. Pinder
AP
PE
ND
IX D
Geo
mo
rph
ic a
ttri
bu
tes
of
the
304 t
erre
stri
al
bio
div
ersi
ty s
ites
sa
mp
led
du
rin
g t
he
Pil
ba
ra b
iod
iver
sity
su
rvey
. K
ey t
o c
olu
mn
lab
els:
so
ilD
So
il d
epth
(cm
); S
ub
s m
ain
su
bst
rate
ty
pe
(sa
nd
y, r
ock
y o
r cl
ayey
); g
m7 g
m10
gm
13
geo
mo
rph
ic u
nit
in
7,
10 a
nd
13 c
ateg
ori
es,
resp
ecti
vel
y;
Slp
slo
pe;
Ele
v e
lev
atio
n (
m);
Asp
asp
ect;
R
ug
50
0 t
op
og
rap
hic
ru
gg
edn
ess
in 5
00
m r
adiu
s; S
un
su
n i
nd
ex;
Fab
u s
urf
ace
rock
fra
gm
ent
ab
un
da
nce
; F
ma
x s
urf
ace
rock
ma
xim
um
siz
e; O
utc
rp e
xte
nt
of
rock
ou
tcro
p;
Cst
dis
tan
ce t
o c
oa
stli
ne
(km
); R
iv d
ista
nce
to
a d
rain
age
lin
e w
ith
a d
isti
nct
rip
ari
an
zo
ne
(km
); G
cov
to
tal
gro
un
d v
eget
atio
n c
ov
er.
Fu
rth
er
exp
lan
atio
n i
s p
rov
ided
bel
ow
th
e ta
bu
lati
on
.
Sit
eso
ilD
Su
bs
gm
7g
m10
gm
13
Slp
Ele
vA
spR
ug
50
0S
un
Fa
bu
Fm
ax
Ou
tcrp
Cst
Riv
Gco
v
BD
RN
0110
0.0
sF
ii
1.0
539
20.
35
2.1
5-0
.14
00
029
9.7
2.4
12
BD
RN
02
20.6
rA
cc
0.51
40
30.
55
1.0
8-0
.28
53
029
6.0
3.3
9
BD
RN
03
19.6
rA
cc
1.3
041
00.
213.
66
2.2
65
31
291.
46.
49
BD
RN
04
24.4
rA
cc
0.62
44
81.
371.
62-0
.99
54
031
2.5
2.1
11
BD
RN
05
26.6
cC
ff
1.6
04
63
1.07
6.55
1.8
34
30
30
4.3
8.0
11
BD
RN
06
12.0
rA
bb
4.5
64
670.
40
7.41
-1.1
34
41
302
.06.
17
BD
RN
0710
.4c
Cf
f1.
214
66
1.6
65.
34
0.14
43
029
8.3
3.6
8
BD
RN
08
25.
6r
Cd
d0.
77
458
0.11
3.75
1.27
43
029
6.9
2.3
8
BD
RN
09
17.2
rA
bb
1.17
48
31.
988.
57-1
.13
55
33
03.
95.
410
BD
RN
1018
.0r
Ac
c0.
7349
61.
783.
60
-0.1
44
41
292
.41.
59
BD
RN
1116
.6r
Ab
b0.
6949
50.
013.
83
0.71
55
129
1.4
0.6
11
BD
RN
126.
8r
Aa
a0.
8152
71.
713.
46
-1.4
14
55
311.
814
.312
BD
RN
132
3.6
rA
cc
1.62
50
00.
296.
490.
00
34
031
3.4
14.5
12
BD
RS
012
5.0
cC
ff
0.47
53
00.
763.
17-0
.42
43
037
9.2
1.7
11
BD
RS
02
36.
4c
Cf
f0.
5751
71.
60
4.0
1-0
.99
00
037
7.2
0.5
5
BD
RS
03
8.6
rA
bb
7.61
526
0.0
08.
299.
315
45
374.0
0.1
15
BD
RS
04
100.
0s
Dj
js0.
4151
70.
45
1.10
-0.1
41
10
375.
50.
613
BD
RS
05
48.
8s
Fi
i0.
8951
40.
23
0.97
1.55
00
037
2.1
3.0
8
BD
RS
06
21.4
cC
ff
0.98
525
1.94
4.4
5-1
.55
33
037
0.9
1.6
9
BD
RS
0710
.2r
Ab
b3.
90
54
31.
947.
23
-2.8
25
43
372
.02
.510
BD
RS
08
26.2
rA
bb
0.69
559
0.01
8.17
0.9
95
54
377.
63.
78
BD
RS
09
15.6
rA
bb
10.0
456
81.
8113
.70
-17.
494
43
379.
21.
515
BD
RS1
021
.4c
Cf
f0.
82552
0.17
3.7
71.
414
30
381
.11.
26
BD
RS1
135.
6c
Cf
f0.
695
48
1.9
92
.50
-0.9
93
30
38
5.5
0.3
5
BD
RS1
224
.8s
Gg
gs
0.51
55
40.
55
2.1
5-0
.28
44
139
0.2
0.7
8
![Page 77: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Pilbara Biodiversity Survey Introduction 79
BD
RS1
316
.2c
Cf
f0.
1652
61.
711.
28
-0.2
80
00
376.
70.
48
DR
C01
30.
6r
Ab
b1.
4926
1.92
3.79
-0.9
94
41
5.7
5.1
7
DR
C02
67.8
cB
ee
0.26
201.
45
2.1
00.
143
30
5.8
4.2
7
DR
C0
335.
6c
Cf
f0.
5720
0.20
1.4
40.
99
13
08.
13.
013
DR
C0
474
.4c
Dj
jc0.
46
23
1.0
02
.47
0.56
23
014
.90.
06
DR
C0
520
.0r
Ab
b2
.52
83
0.91
4.7
0-2
.82
44
227
.53.
25
DR
C0
63.
4r
Ab
b20
.67
232
1.11
56.
03
-29.
476
52
38.
81.
47
DR
C07
19.0
rA
cc
0.91
42
2.0
013
.05
-1.1
34
40
28.
10.
48
DR
C0
83.
0r
Aa
a5.
08
54
1.74
11.5
6-0
.42
57
220
.94.4
11
DR
C0
910
.6c
Cf
f2
.45
34
1.8
88.
06
-4.0
94
31
15.9
8.1
8
DR
C10
6.2
rA
bb
6.56
38
1.78
10.2
1-1
.27
44
29.
14.4
9
DR
C11
15.4
rA
bb
0.51
131.
893.
97-0
.85
45
33.
53.
710
DR
C12
71.0
cE
hh
c1.
211
1.75
1.20
-0.1
40
20
0.2
5.1
1
DR
E01
100.
0c
Eh
hc
0.51
71.
891.
17-0
.28
00
00.
96.
23
DR
E02
100.
0s
Fi
i0.
577
2.0
01.
66
-0.7
10
00
0.4
6.5
9
DR
E0
328.
6r
Ab
b1.
178
0.02
1.3
31.
134
44
1.2
6.3
7
DR
E0
410
0.0
cC
ff
0.73
71.
621.
25
0.14
00
01.
06.
69
DR
E0
553.
4s
Fi
i0.
518
1.89
0.9
0-0
.85
00
03.
24.7
11
DR
E0
610
0.0
cC
ff
0.11
122
.00
1.3
4-0
.14
00
09.
50.
35
DR
E07
49.6
sF
ii
0.4
62
31.
00
1.0
4-0
.56
00
021
.62
.411
DR
E0
88.
8r
Ab
b3.
88
491.
00
9.91
4.7
95
54
21.8
0.1
6
DR
E0
926
.4c
Cf
f0.
5759
0.4
04.0
0-0
.14
42
024
.10.
87
DR
E10
22
.8c
Cf
f0.
476
50.
03
1.96
0.71
33
129
.41.
19
DR
E11
48.
0s
Fi
i0.
46
691.
00
1.76
0.56
00
032
.12
.69
DR
E12
32.4
cC
ff
0.57
511.
60
1.19
0.14
13
03
4.7
1.2
8
DR
E13
28.
2s
Gg
gs
0.57
750.
40
1.12
-0.1
42
42
43.
93.
35
DR
W01
100.
0s
Fi
i0.
23
101.
00
1.69
-0.2
80
00
0.2
6.9
7
DR
W02
19.4
rA
cc
0.51
100.
55
1.62
-0.2
81
30
0.3
6.9
10
DR
W0
34
3.4
sE
hh
s0.
577
2.0
01.
12-0
.71
00
01.
45.
77
DR
W0
46.
3s
Dj
js0.
58
200.
02
1.61
0.8
53
40
15.5
0.0
6
DR
W0
520
.7r
Ab
b3.
1241
1.4
86.
871.
55
55
414
.31.
45
DR
W0
658.
0c
Cf
f0.
8951
0.36
1.6
31.
55
53
012
.91.
28
![Page 78: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
80 N.L. McKenzie, S. van Leeuwen, A.M. Pinder
Sit
eso
ilD
Su
bs
gm
7g
m10
gm
13
Slp
Ele
vA
spR
ug
50
0S
un
Fa
bu
Fm
ax
Ou
tcrp
Cst
Riv
Gco
v
DR
W07
42
.2c
Gg
gc
0.91
45
1.0
01.
63
1.13
43
011
.40.
37
DR
W0
89.
2s
Gg
gs
0.16
56
0.29
1.67
0.28
44
111
.11.
36
DR
W0
916
.0c
Cf
f1.
38
45
0.2
55.
08
0.14
34
010
.53.
56
DR
W10
4.6
rA
bb
1.95
45
0.0
06.
33
2.2
65
52
10.3
3.2
7
DR
W11
3.6
rA
bb
1.72
30
0.0
06.
192
.26
55
27.
21.
310
DR
W12
28.
8c
Cf
f0.
1110
1.0
01.
39-0
.14
33
05.
81.
66
DR
W13
51.6
cE
hh
c0.
517
0.11
1.35
0.8
51
30
1.9
1.7
3
MB
E01
76.4
cC
ff
1.2
321
21.
93?
-0.8
55
30
4.9
1.7
10
MB
E02
17.0
rA
cc
1.6
52
53
0.17
7.5
42
.82
45
113
6.2
3.0
7
MB
E0
315
.8s
Gg
gs
0.89
274
0.36
2.4
7-0
.14
24
114
7.3
1.6
11
MB
E0
493
.4s
Dj
js0.
4126
80.
172
.07
0.14
23
014
7.8
0.1
10
MB
E0
510
.0r
Ab
b2
.28
275
1.8
016
.35
-0.5
65
61
148.
80.
610
MB
E0
67.
2r
Aa
a2
.02
243
1.28
21.5
51.
694
75
148.
72
.19
MB
E07
94.0
cC
ff
1.0
319
81.
00
2.0
21.
270
00
133.
70.
911
MB
E0
86
3.0
cB
ee
0.2
320
21.
00
2.3
10.
28
33
012
9.7
1.3
11
MB
E0
914
.2r
Ab
b7.
05
262
1.93
14.5
2-5
.08
45
412
5.9
5.2
9
MB
E11
11.2
rA
bb
1.28
23
41.
8913
.16
-2.1
23
42
121.
69.
28
MB
E12
13.0
rA
cc
0.67
23
01.
5113
.67
-1.1
34
40
119.
59.
29
MB
E13
23.
0r
Cd
d11
.28
236
1.96
17.7
5-9
.59
43
011
1.2
2.8
6
MB
W01
28.
4r
Ab
b1.
34
188
0.0
69.
55
2.1
23
54
81.0
0.0
6
MB
W02
23.
8r
Ab
b5.
09
196
0.24
12.2
70.
715
43
80.
90.
110
MB
W0
317
.2r
Ab
b2
.29
193
0.0
013
.62
2.6
85
41
84.4
0.0
8
MB
W0
42
2.6
rA
bb
3.11
187
0.19
7.91
5.36
54
48
4.4
0.3
7
MB
W0
519
.4r
Cd
d1.
3917
90.
013.
09
1.97
44
187
.20.
77
MB
W0
658.
4s
Fi
i1.
02
176
1.89
1.61
-1.6
91
20
88.
52
.48
MB
W07
60.
8s
Dj
js0.
4714
30.
761.
48
0.71
44
081
.40.
018
MB
W0
847
.4s
Fi
i0.
48
138
1.71
0.9
90.
00
11
081
.51.
27
MB
W0
93
3.2
sF
ii
0.67
155
0.49
1.91
1.13
32
087
.72
.99
MB
W10
20.6
rA
aa
0.81
187
1.14
3.0
30.
85
23
410
4.5
0.9
16
MB
W11
17.6
rA
aa
3.49
248
1.20
10.5
3-5
.08
46
511
3.9
5.2
12
MB
W12
24.2
sG
gg
s0.
922
320.
88
2.8
6-0
.99
32
111
7.9
4.7
9
![Page 79: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Pilbara Biodiversity Survey Introduction 81
MB
W13
23.
8s
Gg
gs
0.41
229
0.4
52
.07
-0.1
43
31
124.5
3.1
12
NE
012
2.8
rA
cc
0.87
241
1.39
9.58
-1.4
14
31
150.
93.
54
NE
02
12.8
rA
bb
9.39
274
0.4
513
.56
16.2
25
43
152
.04.6
5
NE
03
21.6
cB
ff
0.47
278
1.24
4.3
30.
42
43
115
5.9
0.7
6
NE
04
21.2
rA
bb
3.58
279
1.38
27.3
4-5
.78
45
416
7.3
5.3
8
NE
05
36.
8c
Bf
f0.
8226
20.
173.
011.
414
41
168.
33.
411
NE
06
36.
4c
Cf
f0.
692
50
1.9
92
.50
-0.7
14
40
171.
04.9
8
NE
076
5.0
cB
ee
0.16
23
40.
291.
210.
00
14
016
7.2
1.7
8
NE
08
23.
4c
Cf
f0.
58
241
1.20
2.8
3-0
.85
43
017
4.2
3.1
9
NE
09
3.8
rA
dd
6.3
02
570.
02
9.47
9.31
43
217
4.9
5.2
8
NE
1092
.0c
Dj
jc0.
36
210
0.6
81.
58
-0.2
83
30
176.
10.
47
NE
1115
.6r
Ab
b1.
08
317
0.47
3.6
4-0
.42
44
218
0.1
2.5
7
NE
1226
.8r
Aa
a4.9
13
30
0.14
6.6
42
.12
45
417
9.8
6.8
9
NE
1310
0.0
sF
ii
1.24
314
0.4
52
.36
2.1
20
00
181.
59.
212
NW
0116
.2s
Ag
gs
2.0
74
25
1.11
6.12
2.2
64
42
220
.20.
48
NW
0211
.4r
Ab
b2
.42
396
0.67
3.67
-1.8
35
42
215.
90.
76
NW
03
14.8
rA
bb
6.02
40
91.
9314
.62
-4.0
94
64
194.
22
.69
NW
04
9.0
rA
bb
0.82
398
0.4
55.
05
1.41
44
218
4.2
6.8
9
NW
05
46.
2c
Cf
f0.
9237
31.
50
6.0
60.
42
32
018
6.1
6.1
13
NW
06
7.0
rA
bb
3.95
410
1.72
6.12
-0.1
45
43
179.
82
.47
NW
073
0.0
rA
bb
2.7
139
51.
38
7.4
01.
83
23
216
5.9
2.5
12
NW
08
12.8
rA
bb
3.12
372
1.4
06.
33
-5.0
84
43
163.
30.
912
NW
09
36.
6c
Gg
gc
1.37
318
0.0
03.
34
1.69
22
015
5.0
1.3
11
NW
102
5.6
sF
ii
1.02
321
0.11
3.12
0.56
34
115
9.5
0.5
10
NW
1124
.8s
Gg
gs
1.6
63
05
1.27
3.3
41.
413
42
155.
01.
39
NW
1220
.4r
Aa
a0.
983
00
1.94
2.8
1-0
.71
35
315
3.4
0.7
8
OY
E01
75.0
cB
ee
0.62
259
0.6
34.6
40.
99
54
072
.01.
64
OY
E02
9.0
rA
cc
0.92
260
0.13
3.81
0.4
25
51
76.3
4.4
8
OY
E0
36.
0c
Cf
f2
.44
282
0.81
7.55
3.53
54
179
.15.
510
OY
E0
43
0.8
cC
ff
0.8
03
08
1.0
05.
48
-0.9
90
00
95.5
9.1
14
OY
E0
59.
0r
Ac
c2
.31
325
1.9
93.
98-2
.40
54
098
.17.
814
OY
E0
627
.8c
Dj
jc0.
23
301
0.0
04.2
90.
28
13
010
1.2
5.5
14
![Page 80: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
82 N.L. McKenzie, S. van Leeuwen, A.M. Pinder
Sit
eso
ilD
Su
bs
gm
7g
m10
gm
13
Slp
Ele
vA
spR
ug
50
0S
un
Fa
bu
Fm
ax
Ou
tcrp
Cst
Riv
Gco
v
OY
E07
4.2
rC
dd
1.3
431
20.
06
4.9
62
.12
44
210
1.4
5.1
11
OY
E0
826
.2c
Cf
f1.
08
321
0.47
3.41
1.8
35
40
108.
73.
313
OY
E0
93.
0r
Ab
b2
.02
258
0.32
4.2
53.
53
44
310
0.0
1.8
8
OY
E10
14.6
cC
ff
0.72
244
0.6
82
.66
-0.5
64
30
98.8
1.4
9
OY
E11
2.8
rA
cc
1.6
42
34
0.79
7.67
2.4
04
33
96.4
1.0
8
OY
E12
30.
4c
Cf
f0.
1619
91.
711.
40
0.0
01
20
85.
72
.219
OY
E13
15.6
rA
bb
2.8
929
61.
3215
.87
-4.5
13
41
104.0
0.4
9
OY
W01
20.2
sF
ii
1.0
314
81.
99
2.7
1-1
.41
12
070
.46.
46
OY
W02
28.
0c
Cf
f0.
1611
50.
290.
84
0.0
00
00
62.9
14.8
5
OY
W0
336.
0c
Cf
f0.
5713
51.
60
2.6
9-0
.99
43
059
.120
.76
OY
W0
419
.6c
Cf
f0.
7310
41.
622
.18
-1.2
75
30
50.
513
.76
OY
W0
510
.6r
Cd
d0.
8111
30.
293.
510.
00
54
049
.712
.97
OY
W0
610
.2r
Ac
c1.
38
108
0.0
02
.45
1.55
53
047
.710
.89
OY
W07
100.
0s
Dj
js0.
2667
1.89
6.4
5-0
.14
13
04
0.2
0.5
9
OY
W0
85.
4r
Ab
b1.
7169
1.0
06.
05
-2.1
25
44
40.
10.
48
OY
W0
918
.2c
Cf
f0.
4782
0.76
1.67
-0.4
25
30
40.
64.9
8
OY
W10
35.
8c
Cf
f0.
5757
0.20
1.14
0.9
90
00
36.
77.
35
OY
W11
11.4
cC
ff
0.32
35
0.29
1.0
60.
56
00
027
.24.1
7
OY
W12
26.4
sF
ii
0.81
270.
86
1.8
51.
130
00
21.6
4.2
4
OY
W13
31.0
sF
ii
0.4
811
0.29
0.93
0.8
50
00
18.5
16.1
8
PE
0167
.2c
Cf
f0.
23
356
1.0
01.
110.
28
12
012
9.2
0.1
10
PE
02
15.0
cC
ff
1.0
8361
0.47
2.3
81.
83
22
013
1.3
1.0
4
PE
03
100.
0c
Be
e0.
2635
41.
891.
46
-0.4
21
40
129.
40.
84
PE
04
15.6
cC
ff
1.8
436
81.
874.1
7-3
.10
44
012
2.5
5.2
6
PE
05
61.8
cD
jjc
0.16
375
0.29
1.0
00.
28
53
013
6.2
0.4
4
PE
06
35.
4c
Cf
f0.
51382
1.4
52
.13
-0.8
54
20
131.
92
.56
PE
073.
2r
Ac
c1.
5938
01.
936.
76-1
.13
44
212
1.7
6.2
4
PE
08
4.8
rA
bb
6.6
038
32
.00
7.52
-8.4
64
42
118.
97.
06
PE
09
20.4
cA
ff
0.69
407
0.0
02
.47
0.8
53
30
112
.52
.15
PE
1049
.4c
Be
e0.
36
418
1.95
2.2
3-0
.56
43
010
5.7
0.6
8
PE
1112
.0r
Ac
c4.1
137
11.
55
5.49
-7.0
54
41
121.
61.
26
![Page 81: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Pilbara Biodiversity Survey Introduction 83
PE
128.
8r
Ab
b7.
6147
00.
99
19.1
9-9
.31
45
014
7.7
0.4
6
PH
YC
0193
.8s
Fi
i0.
9814
20.
193.
08
0.28
21
04
4.6
8.9
8
PH
YC
02
22
.4c
Gg
gc
0.87
130
1.39
1.71
0.56
23
04
5.2
5.9
9
PH
YC
03
5.6
rA
aa
0.4
811
61.
712
.27
-0.8
53
65
51.7
5.4
10
PH
YC
04
100.
0c
Dj
jc0.
1114
41.
00
1.8
4-0
.14
12
09
9.7
0.0
11
PH
YC
05
13.2
cC
ff
0.8
314
00.
733.
98-0
.71
32
098
.50.
510
PH
YC
06
13.4
cC
ff
0.26
113
0.11
1.62
0.14
13
08
4.0
5.4
11
PH
YC
078.
6r
Ab
b9.
63
138
0.0
036.
08
11.5
65
42
92.1
2.8
4
PH
YC
08
36.
8r
Ab
b1.
83
133
2.0
06.
03
-2.2
64
42
93.3
0.3
6
PH
YC
09
16.4
rC
dd
1.3
413
11.
34
2.2
0-2
.12
33
19
0.2
1.9
8
PH
YC
1015
.2c
Cf
f0.
6913
01.
164.3
30.
713
30
90.
53.
011
PH
YC
114.4
rA
bb
6.38
128
1.0
413
.95
7.61
55
28
5.4
1.2
9
PH
YC
124
2.0
cB
ee
0.81
109
1.9
91.
27-1
.13
12
082
.57.
47
PH
YE
0110
0.0
sF
ii
3.39
164
0.29
3.36
5.92
00
010
4.9
13.3
7
PH
YE
02
100.
0s
Fi
i0.
4116
20.
170.
820.
140
00
107.
214
.910
PH
YE
03
3.0
rC
dd
3.8
019
01.
66
6.98
0.4
24
32
112
.713
.28
PH
YE
04
12.0
cC
ff
0.58
162
0.8
01.
08
-0.5
63
10
110.
511
.410
PH
YE
05
95.4
cD
jjc
0.94
158
1.24
2.5
70.
85
12
012
1.0
0.1
13
PH
YE
06
31.6
cC
ff
0.92
173
0.5
02
.77
1.55
32
012
0.4
3.0
10
PH
YE
0710
.8c
Cf
f0.
6717
40.
491.
51-0
.28
34
013
0.3
1.1
14
PH
YE
08
65.
0c
Be
e0.
2616
30.
111.
490.
141
20
118.
76.
910
PH
YE
09
15.4
rA
cc
0.47
185
1.97
9.2
3-0
.42
33
011
9.2
1.4
10
PH
YE
1021
.8s
Gg
gs
0.47
164
1.24
1.81
-0.7
10
00
106.
14.3
17
PH
YE
1116
.6c
Cf
f0.
4712
40.
03
1.2
50.
42
12
096
.42
.712
PH
YE
125.
2r
Ab
b2
.55
131
0.82
25.
10-2
.54
46
492
.75.
113
PH
YE
1316
.4r
Ab
b8.
1213
90.
116.
9313
.54
44
189
.04.4
9
PH
YW
0110
0.0
sF
ii
1.62
101.
63
2.7
6-2
.82
00
00.
914
.78
PH
YW
02
48.
2c
Be
e0.
117
1.0
01.
24-0
.14
00
05.
011
.313
PH
YW
03
33.
8c
Cf
f0.
3219
1.71
0.9
90.
00
00
017
.814
.711
PH
YW
04
45.
4s
Fi
i0.
5732
0.20
1.8
80.
99
00
02
5.0
9.6
10
PH
YW
05
15.0
cB
ee
0.82
240.
45
1.73
1.41
00
026
.58.
37
PH
YW
06
91.2
sF
ii
0.2
355
0.0
01.
77
0.28
00
017
.85.
18
![Page 82: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
84 N.L. McKenzie, S. van Leeuwen, A.M. Pinder
Sit
eso
ilD
Su
bs
gm
7g
m10
gm
13
Slp
Ele
vA
spR
ug
50
0S
un
Fa
bu
Fm
ax
Ou
tcrp
Cst
Riv
Gco
v
PH
YW
0749
.6c
Dj
jc0.
34
22
1.0
01.
37-0
.42
12
03
3.0
0.0
10
PH
YW
08
5.0
rA
bb
3.6
44
41.
7515
.75
-6.3
55
54
31.4
2.5
12
PH
YW
09
7.6
rA
bb
6.21
55
0.52
13.9
7-3
.10
46
329
.45.
413
PH
YW
1056.
0s
Fi
i0.
1121
1.0
01.
310.
140
00
24.3
7.6
7
PH
YW
114
5.6
cC
ff
0.58
100.
02
1.36
0.8
50
00
10.2
3.3
10
PH
YW
1235.
2s
Fi
i0.
473
41.
242
.15
0.4
21
30
15.4
2.7
8
PH
YW
134
8.6
cC
ff
0.94
131.
241.
46
0.8
50
00
9.5
0.0
12
PW
011.
0r
Ab
b3.
22
161
0.11
6.3
41.
695
50
65.
10.
53
PW
0226
.0r
Ab
b3.
22
186
1.39
19.1
4-5
.22
43
26
4.1
2.4
6
PW
03
5.2
rA
cc
2.3
83
48
1.82
5.61
-0.7
14
41
66.
81.
45
PW
04
72
.6c
Be
e0.
813
45
1.71
3.4
3-1
.41
54
072
.94.1
4
PW
05
100.
0c
Dj
jc1.
28
292
0.82
2.1
7-1
.27
00
095
.50.
68
PW
06
30.
2c
Cf
f0.
623
35
0.07
1.95
0.9
93
20
105.
713
.28
PW
0741
.4c
Cf
f0.
2631
70.
55
1.0
6-0
.14
24
010
2.6
8.0
11
PW
08
16.4
rC
dd
0.4
63
071.
00
1.6
6-0
.56
23
097
.92
.510
PW
09
100.
0c
Dj
jc2
.22
28
80.
43
3.24
3.81
24
095
.10.
03
PW
102
.2r
Ab
b1.
34
30
91.
945.
78-2
.12
44
194
.20.
65
PW
113
4.2
rA
bb
0.8
33
371.
273.
88
-1.2
74
41
91.8
3.2
4
PW
122
3.0
cC
ff
1.49
316
0.62
4.2
2-0
.99
44
074
.90.
35
PW
1329
.0c
Cf
f0.
2613
01.
45
1.5
00.
143
40
61.7
0.7
9
RH
NC
0117
.2r
Ac
c1.
186
871.
493.
55
-1.9
74
32
328.
70.
210
RH
NC
0227
.0r
Cd
d0.
46
703
2.0
02
.79
-0.5
64
32
324.1
4.4
6
RH
NC
03
19.0
cC
ff
0.32
708
0.29
1.4
50.
00
12
032
0.2
10.6
12
RH
NC
04
10.0
rA
bb
13.6
774
20.
754
2.3
9-1
2.2
74
42
319.
312
.311
RH
NC
05
70.6
cC
ff
0.4
870
60.
291.
35
0.8
51
20
318.
216
.98
RH
NC
06
26.4
cC
ff
0.41
694
1.55
1.29
0.14
33
031
7.2
16.7
11
RH
NC
07
10.2
rA
bb
4.2
86
891.
7511
.74
-7.4
75
42
314.8
14.9
9
RH
NC
08
31.6
rA
bb
0.47
701
0.76
5.96
-0.4
24
42
299.
82
.59
RH
NC
09
14.0
rA
bb
10.5
16
620.
116
8.56
17.6
34
43
301
.51.
28
RH
NC
1072
.8c
Dj
jc2
.02
575
0.32
6.18
3.53
33
029
0.0
0.0
14
RH
NC
111.
8r
Ab
b6.
17555
1.87
12.3
7-2
.82
55
4289
.70.
214
![Page 83: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Pilbara Biodiversity Survey Introduction 85
RH
NC
126.
6r
Ab
b4.6
153
00.
23
15.0
20.
715
41
28
5.6
0.4
8
RH
NC
1370
.2c
Dj
jc0.
985
070.
42
2.1
31.
691
30
28
4.0
0.0
14
RH
NE
0110
0.0
sF
ii
0.0
04
260.
28
1.0
00.
00
00
029
2.0
6.9
15
RH
NE
02
23.
6c
Cf
f0.
2641
81.
891.
02
-0.4
24
30
287
.09.
68
RH
NE
03
29.6
cC
ff
0.41
415
1.55
0.8
30.
140
00
28
3.6
15.2
13
RH
NE
04
35.
8c
Cf
f0.
5741
22
.00
1.17
-0.7
11
20
28
4.2
16.3
7
RH
NE
05
32.0
cC
ff
0.51
415
1.4
51.
09
-0.8
52
10
28
5.1
12.4
9
RH
NE
06
54.8
cC
ff
0.26
416
0.11
0.79
0.14
23
1286.
74.4
14
RH
NE
072
3.0
cE
hh
c0.
48
411
1.71
1.37
-0.8
52
30
265.
71.
26
RH
NE
08
7.2
rA
bb
4.7
747
00.
45
9.26
-1.6
95
43
265.
60.
113
RH
NE
09
19.6
rA
bb
1.3
449
20.
06
3.13
2.1
25
31
261.
81.
48
RH
NE
1029
.2c
Cf
f0.
6952
50.
012
.77
0.71
53
02
27.6
4.9
7
RH
NE
1120
.8c
Cf
f2
.10
474
0.13
4.6
60.
99
44
02
22
.47.
16
RH
NE
1218
.0s
Gg
gs
1.0
84
42
0.47
2.8
81.
83
34
221
9.4
7.3
8
RH
NW
015.
2r
Ab
b11
.62
657
1.96
33.
19-9
.87
44
424
1.4
16.8
11
RH
NW
0211
.0r
Ab
b4.
7257
01.
80
15.2
9-1
.13
44
124
2.7
18.4
8
RH
NW
03
39.2
cA
ff
0.47
44
20.
03
2.3
60.
713
40
237
.511
.78
RH
NW
04
31.6
cD
jjc
0.57
412
0.0
01.
510.
710
00
22
3.5
0.9
8
RH
NW
05
34.2
cB
ee
0.16
412
0.29
1.02
0.28
42
02
21.4
3.0
10
RH
NW
06
47.4
cC
ff
0.36
415
0.6
82
.13
-0.2
84
30
220
.94.3
14
RH
NW
0714
.2r
Ac
c1.
974
470.
195.
920.
56
55
121
2.3
13.2
10
RH
NW
08
55.
6c
Be
e1.
38
520
0.2
54.9
82
.40
44
019
9.4
11.3
6
RH
NW
09
27.0
rA
cc
1.49
50
00.
08
5.07
0.9
94
41
194.
87.
99
RH
NW
107.
2r
Ab
b2
.54
489
1.59
9.4
3-4
.37
45
420
2.8
14.4
13
RH
NW
116
3.8
cB
ee
0.2
341
82
.00
1.36
-0.2
83
30
220
.87.
411
RH
NW
124
5.4
cE
hh
c0.
474
08
1.97
1.8
4-0
.42
12
02
25.
70.
512
RH
NW
1320
.8r
Cd
d0.
8241
31.
83
3.0
5-0
.28
43
02
27.0
1.6
11
TC
MB
C01
36.
4s
Fi
i0.
4132
30.
45
1.0
00.
712
20
289
.84.5
12
TC
MB
C02
19.4
cC
ff
0.41
34
80.
45
1.75
0.71
54
0289
.81.
810
TC
MB
C0
32
5.2
rC
dd
4.4
438
00.
33
7.3
4-0
.42
43
0289
.20.
810
TC
MB
C0
419
.0c
Cf
f1.
38
449
1.41
5.93
-2.2
65
40
289
.90.
88
TC
MB
C0
513
.6r
Ab
b8.
2056
31.
3731
.17
-13.
25
55
328
8.1
2.6
16
![Page 84: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
86 N.L. McKenzie, S. van Leeuwen, A.M. Pinder
Sit
eso
ilD
Su
bs
gm
7g
m10
gm
13
Slp
Ele
vA
spR
ug
50
0S
un
Fa
bu
Fm
ax
Ou
tcrp
Cst
Riv
Gco
v
TC
MB
C0
613
.8r
Ab
b15
.40
44
20.
44
35.
5127
.07
54
229
8.5
4.1
10
TC
MB
C07
29.4
cC
ff
1.13
396
0.59
3.67
1.8
33
30
298.
73.
313
TC
MB
C0
828.
8r
Cc
c1.
28
421
0.02
7.02
1.27
53
029
6.6
1.3
15
TC
MB
C0
911
.6r
Ab
b7.
394
46
0.0
021
.37
9.02
55
129
3.4
0.3
13
TC
MB
C10
41.8
sD
jjs
0.6
54
620.
294.2
00.
00
43
0289
.20.
110
TC
MB
C11
31.4
rC
dd
0.47
479
1.24
2.8
0-0
.71
53
0289
.90.
59
TC
MB
C12
23.
2r
Cc
c0.
624
870.
63
1.2
5-0
.42
43
029
1.1
2.0
10
TC
MB
E01
31.8
cC
ff
1.0
88
03
0.47
6.92
1.8
34
30
217.
313
.813
TC
MB
E02
24.7
cC
ff
0.4
676
21.
00
7.6
0-0
.56
43
021
8.2
12.6
14
TC
MB
E0
320
.6c
Cf
f1.
1875
61.
499.
66
-1.9
74
30
224
.18.
710
TC
MB
E0
428.
6c
Cf
f1.
0275
21.
45
6.2
3-1
.69
43
02
23.
08.
110
TC
MB
E0
58.
2r
Ab
b11
.30
828
1.98
30.
69-1
0.86
45
42
21.2
9.6
11
TC
MB
E0
647
.6c
Cc
c0.
23
708
1.0
01.
01-0
.28
12
02
21.9
9.9
10
TC
MB
E07
34.8
rC
dd
1.13
68
31.
413.
83
0.71
43
02
31.5
0.8
6
TC
MB
E0
810
0.0
sD
jjs
0.41
68
40.
172
.99
0.71
13
02
32.3
0.0
14
TC
MB
E0
97.
8r
Ab
b2
.89
72
20.
05
17.8
14.
514
42
214.4
17.7
10
TC
MB
E10
68.
0c
Be
e0.
6976
41.
00
6.3
30.
85
45
021
2.7
17.0
5
TC
MB
E11
11.6
cC
ff
2.1
781
70.
05
7.4
83.
38
34
021
6.6
11.5
17
TC
MB
E12
7.0
rA
bb
7.2
59
05
0.76
14.6
010
.86
45
321
8.3
10.4
13
TC
MB
E13
9.0
rA
bb
7.47
825
0.29
25.
590.
144
54
219.
711
.110
TC
MB
W01
13.0
sG
ii
0.57
44
50.
40
4.3
90.
99
44
22
29.0
7.9
16
TC
MB
W02
31.6
sF
ii
1.14
439
1.0
02
.82
-1.4
12
20
229
.96.
518
TC
MB
W0
313
.0r
Ac
c0.
65
474
1.71
2.0
6-1
.13
44
22
27.4
1.4
12
TC
MB
W0
410
.6r
Ab
b2
.43
48
81.
66
10.3
70.
28
55
32
26.2
0.6
11
TC
MB
W0
529
.4r
Cd
d2
.82
532
1.93
7.6
4-4
.51
44
421
7.8
0.6
10
TC
MB
W0
63.
0r
Ab
b10
.89
586
1.18
33.
80
11.0
04
44
212
.74.2
13
TC
MB
W07
18.2
cC
ff
1.0
86
38
0.15
1.7
70.
42
32
019
5.5
4.1
17
TC
MB
W0
869
.6c
Be
e0.
116
38
1.0
02
.64
-0.1
43
40
196.
41.
012
TC
MB
W0
920
.0c
Cf
f1.
08
607
0.0
52
.49
1.69
52
017
9.8
7.8
13
TC
MB
W10
36.
6c
Cf
f0.
34
587
1.0
01.
750.
42
00
017
4.9
3.1
16
TC
MB
W11
8.4
rA
bb
3.20
60
51.
578.
120.
99
53
217
3.5
1.8
13
![Page 85: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Pilbara Biodiversity Survey Introduction 87
TC
MB
W12
60.
6c
Be
e0.
6757
90.
491.
41-0
.28
22
017
1.9
0.3
8
TC
MB
W13
14.0
cC
ff
0.98
58
81.
943.
35
-1.5
55
30
170.
60.
89
WY
E01
17.0
rA
bb
17.1
33
03
1.76
27.0
7-3
0.74
56
417
9.4
5.8
7
WY
E02
28.
0c
Cf
f1.
44
246
0.0
52
.70
2.2
63
30
174.9
4.2
9
WY
E0
338.
6r
Ab
b5.
1024
21.
40
5.27
3.24
53
316
8.2
3.7
4
WY
E0
439
.4c
Be
e0.
4119
50.
45
1.4
8-0
.14
33
016
1.9
0.9
9
WY
E0
510
.0r
Ab
b3.
90
181
1.61
6.12
-6.7
74
32
135.
09.
34
WY
E0
628.
8s
Fi
i0.
6713
90.
141.
490.
28
11
011
1.3
2.9
6
WY
E07
27.0
sG
gg
s0.
6215
50.
072
.38
0.9
93
62
106.
011
.66
WY
E0
810
.0r
Cb
b3.
00
210
0.35
4.2
6-0
.42
54
412
5.2
7.5
7
WY
E0
913
.8r
Ac
c3.
942
260.
83
4.8
0-3
.95
34
412
9.9
6.7
6
WY
E10
7.2
rA
bb
2.0
82
390.
017.
05
2.1
23
33
129.
76.
94
WY
E11
2.4
rA
bb
6.13
272
0.4
214
.30
10.5
84
54
134.0
7.0
5
WY
E12
16.0
rA
cc
2.2
526
41.
413.
34
1.41
44
113
5.6
6.8
5
WY
E13
3.6
rA
bb
19.5
4281
1.11
28.
58
-27.
64
44
213
9.6
5.4
5
WY
W01
12.8
rA
cc
1.5
010
80.
014.1
61.
55
54
162
.85.
54
WY
W02
3.4
rA
bb
1.70
117
1.67
17.0
5-2
.96
54
36
4.5
5.6
6
WY
W0
316
.2c
Cf
f0.
23
105
2.0
01.
66
-0.2
85
30
69.2
6.0
5
WY
W0
410
0.0
sF
ii
1.5
412
70.
268.
00
0.14
00
070
.94.
86
WY
W0
50.
8r
Ab
b13
.21
144
0.35
10.3
5-1
.69
44
471
.34.5
6
WY
W0
616
.2r
Cc
c0.
72
111
0.6
81.
67-0
.56
23
075
.99.
37
WY
W07
11.8
sF
ii
0.11
88
0.0
01.
590.
141
10
74.3
14.7
7
WY
W0
887
.8s
Fi
i0.
36
921.
321.
790.
28
00
010
3.7
7.7
6
WY
W0
910
.4r
Ab
b1.
64
123
0.02
5.0
31.
55
43
410
2.3
15.2
4
WY
W10
17.4
rA
cc
2.5
013
51.
734.4
3-4
.37
54
010
2.1
17.7
5
WY
W11
37.4
cC
ff
0.41
123
0.4
51.
04
0.71
00
012
2.7
11.1
4
WY
W12
17.6
rA
bb
2.4
016
42
.00
3.0
4-2
.96
54
213
2.1
12.7
6
soil
D S
oil
pro
fi le
dep
th t
o h
ard
pa
n,
usu
all
y s
hee
t ro
ck.
Su
bs
Su
bst
rate
ty
pe
in t
hre
e ca
teg
ori
es:
rock
y, s
an
dy
or
clay
ey (
see
Tab
le b
elo
w).
gm
7, g
m10
, g
m1
3 G
eom
orp
hic
cat
ego
risa
tio
ns.
![Page 86: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
88 N.L. McKenzie, S. van Leeuwen, A.M. Pinder
Su
bst
rate
gm
7g
m10
gm
13
de
scri
pti
on
Ro
cky
Aa
aG
ran
ite
hil
ls w
ith
ba
re s
lop
es a
nd
bo
uld
ers
& p
atch
es s
oil
an
d v
eget
atio
n i
n c
rev
ices
, d
epre
ssio
ns
etc.
Ro
cky
Ab
b
Ma
ssiv
e ro
cks
of
hil
lto
ps
an
d s
cree
slo
pes
ass
oci
ated
wit
h h
ill
sca
rps,
ste
ep s
lop
es e
tc.,
usu
all
y s
teep
. S
oil
& v
eget
atio
n s
hall
ow
, d
isco
nti
nu
ou
s &
ma
inly
in
cre
vic
es a
nd
po
cket
s. R
ock
ou
tcro
ps
freq
uen
t
Ro
cky
Ac
cF
lat
sto
ny
up
lan
ds,
slo
pes
an
d p
lain
s w
ith
sh
all
ow
so
ils
(0.5
m)
ov
er p
avem
ent
or
ha
rdp
an
; in
clu
des
su
rfac
e g
eolo
gic
al
un
its
Tg
, C
zl
etc.
(A
pp
en
dix
A).
So
ils
usu
all
y s
ton
y, b
ut
larg
e ro
cks
infr
equ
ent
or
ab
sen
t
Ro
cky
Cd
dC
alc
rete
or
op
ali
ne
hil
ls a
nd
mes
as.
Ma
ntl
ed i
n s
ha
llo
w s
oil
s w
ith
fra
gm
ents
(su
rfac
e g
eolo
gy
: C
zk
, T
o,
Cz
o).
Cla
yey
Be
eH
eav
y c
rack
ing
/ h
eav
ing
cla
y p
lain
s a
nd
ver
y g
entl
e sl
op
es,
usu
all
y w
ith
sto
nes
Cla
yey
Cf
fD
eep
cla
yey
pro
fi le
s, o
ften
wit
h s
urf
ace
stre
w a
nd
/o
r st
on
y p
rofi
le,
as
pla
ins,
gen
tle
slo
pes
. Q
c, C
zc
etc.
Cla
yey
Gg
gc
Gra
nit
oid
slo
pe
or
pla
in w
ith
gri
tty
cla
y p
rofi
le m
an
tlin
g s
heet
gra
nit
e at
>3
0 c
m d
epth
in
mo
st p
lace
s. S
heet
or
bo
uld
er o
utc
rop
s in
p
lace
s.
Cla
yey
Dj
jcR
iver
ine
lev
ee
of
all
uv
ial
clay
-sil
t ra
the
r th
an
sa
nd
, o
r cl
ay p
an
s w
ith
Riv
er G
um
s, P
aper
ba
rk t
rees
or
Euc
alyp
tus
vict
rix
etc.
G
eolo
gic
al
un
its
Ql
an
d Q
a.
Cla
yey
Eh
hc
Sa
lin
e m
ud
; b
are
or
wit
h s
am
ph
ire.
Sa
nd
yF
ii
Deep
sa
nd
an
d/o
r fi
rm (
slig
htl
y c
lay
ey)
san
d a
s d
un
es a
nd
pla
ins,
des
ert
as
wel
l a
s b
each
sa
nd
s. M
ay m
an
tle
gra
nit
e o
r cl
ay a
t >
0.5
m
dep
th a
nd
/o
r h
ave
scat
tere
d e
xp
osu
res
of
clay
or
rock
.
Sa
nd
yG
gg
sG
ran
ito
id s
lop
e o
r p
lain
wit
h g
ritt
y s
an
d p
rofi
le m
an
tlin
g s
heet
gra
nit
e at
>3
0 c
m d
epth
in
mo
st p
lace
s. S
heet
or
bo
uld
er o
utc
rop
s in
p
lace
s.
Sa
nd
yD
jjs
Riv
erin
e le
vee
or
riv
er b
ed o
f sa
nd
or
riv
erin
e g
rit-
san
d m
ix w
ith
riv
er g
um
s, p
aper
ba
rk e
tc.(
Ql
ma
inly
sa
nd
).
Sa
nd
yE
hh
sS
an
d v
eneer
ov
er s
ali
ne
mu
d w
ith
Bu
ffel
or
Trio
dia
Slp
S
lop
e a
ng
le.
Der
ived
b
y
L.A
. G
ibso
n
fro
m
the
ST
RM
(S
hu
ttle
R
ad
ar
To
po
gra
ph
y
Mis
sio
n)
90
-m
reso
luti
on
D
igit
al
Ele
vat
ion
M
od
el
(DE
M)
usi
ng
Sp
atia
l A
na
lyst
to
ols
in
Arc
GIS
9.1
(E
SR
I In
c.,
Red
lan
ds,
CA
, U
SA),
re
sam
ple
d a
t 10
0-m
pix
el r
eso
luti
on
.
Ele
v E
lev
atio
n a
bo
ve
mea
n s
ea l
evel
, d
eriv
ed f
rom
th
e D
EM
as
des
crib
ed f
or
Slp
.
Asp
A
spe
ct,
deri
ve
d
fro
m
the
D
EM
a
s d
esc
rib
ed
fo
r S
lp,
the
n
furt
her
tra
nsf
orm
ed [i
.e.
cos(
asp
ect-
135o)
+1]
to
g
ive
no
rth
-wes
t (v
alu
e o
f 0)
a
nd
so
uth
-ea
st (
va
lue
of
2) a
s th
e ex
trem
es.
Ru
g5
00 T
op
og
rap
hic
ru
gg
edn
ess
wa
s d
eriv
ed f
rom
th
e D
EM
as
des
crib
ed
for
Slp
by
per
form
ing
a n
eig
hb
ou
rho
od
fu
nct
ion
in
Arc
GIS
(i.
e. s
tan
da
rd
dev
iati
on
in
ele
vat
ion
) in
a 5
00
m r
adiu
s.
Su
n S
un
in
dex
= t
an
(Slp
) ×
co
s(A
sp)
× 1
00
ex
pre
ssed
in
rad
ian
s, a
nd
in
dic
ates
th
e a
mo
un
t o
f so
lar
rad
iati
on
th
at a
sit
e re
ceiv
es.
Fab
u A
vis
ua
l es
tim
atio
n o
f th
e ab
un
da
nce
of
coa
rse
sto
ne
frag
men
ts o
n t
he
gro
un
d’s
su
rfac
e (f
oll
ow
ing
McD
on
ald
et a
l. 19
84)
.
Fm
ax T
he
ma
xim
um
dim
ensi
on
(si
ze-
cla
ss)
of
coa
rse
sto
ne
frag
men
ts o
n t
he
gro
un
d’s
su
rfac
e (f
rom
McD
on
ald
et a
l. 19
84)
.
![Page 87: Supp78 Biodiversity Pilbaramuseum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SuppWAMuseum_2009... · 2015. 7. 21. · biological survey and monitoring program …’. (Western Australian Government](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/60ffec609ef84574a367ef5b/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Pilbara Biodiversity Survey Introduction 89
Fa
bu
Fm
ax (
mm
)
0 =
No
co
ars
e fr
agm
ents
0 =
No
ne
1 =
Ver
y f
ew1 =
Sm
all
peb
ble
s (2
–6)
2 =
Few
2 =
Med
ium
peb
ble
s (6
–20)
3 =
Co
mm
on
3 =
La
rge
peb
ble
s (2
0–
60)
4 =
Ma
ny
4 =
Co
bb
les
(60
–20
0)
5 =
Ab
un
da
nt
5 =
Sto
nes
(20
0–
60
0)
6 =
Ver
y a
bu
nd
an
t6
= B
ou
lder
s (6
00
–20
00)
7 =
La
rge
bo
uld
ers
(>20
00)
Ou
tcrp
Th
e ex
ten
t o
f ro
ck o
utc
rop
at
the
site
(fr
om
McD
on
ald
et a
l. 19
84)
.
Cst
Dis
tan
ce t
o t
he
coa
st w
as
gen
erat
ed f
rom
dig
itis
ed h
yd
rolo
gy
in
form
atio
n
ava
ila
ble
fro
m D
EC
Co
rpo
rate
GIS
dat
ase
t.
Riv
D
ista
nce
to
a
s m
ajo
r d
rain
ag
e
lin
e
wa
s g
en
era
ted
fr
om
d
igit
ise
d
hy
dro
log
y i
nfo
rmat
ion
av
ail
ab
le f
rom
DE
C C
orp
ora
te G
IS d
ata
set.
Gco
v A
n i
nd
ex o
f to
tal
gro
un
d c
ov
er (
i.e.
sh
rub
s <
2 m
etre
s, g
rass
es a
nd
sed
ges
) at
eac
h s
ite.
Th
e co
ver
of
each
veg
etat
ion
str
atu
m w
as
vis
ua
lly
es
tim
ated
, sc
ore
d (
1: <
2%,
2: 2
–10%
, 3:
10
–30%
, 4:
30
–70%
, a
nd
5:
>70
%)
an
d
tall
ied
. It
is
der
ived
fro
m ‘
veg
etat
ion
co
mp
lex
ity
’ ad
apte
d f
rom
New
som
e a
nd
Cat
lin
g (
1979
).
Sco
re
Str
uct
ure
01
23
Tre
e ca
no
py
(%
)0
<3
03
0–7
0>
70
Sh
rub
co
ver
(%
)0
<3
03
0–7
0>
70
Gro
un
d h
erb
s/g
rass
esS
pa
rse
<0.
5 m
Sp
ars
e >
0.5 m
Den
se <
0.5 m
Den
se >
0.5 m
Lo
gs,
ro
cks,
deb
ris
etc.
0<
30
30
–70
>70
Co
mp
lex
ity
Sco
re (
ve
gC
)S
um
of
sco
res