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OOTTTTTactical Technology OfficeTactical Technology Office
SUO Planning & Decision AidsSUO Planning & Decision Aids
Austin Tate, AIAI, University of Edinburgh
David Wilkins, SRI International
• Capability to communicate, refine, execute and repair plans across multiple echelons from company level down to platoon and squad level.
• Two examples of COA plan generation and use:– one offensive (MOUT);– one defensive (protect pass in mixed terrain).
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OOTTTTTactical Technology OfficeTactical Technology Office
ARPI/PDA Goal, Themes & Participants
ARPIARPI
DARPADARPA
GOAL: Develop, demonstrate, and transition advanced knowledge-based technology for automatic and interactive planning, scheduling, and decision making to allow better, faster planning in complex, stressed situations
Integrated Planning &Scheduling
CMU
Kestrel
Arizona St.University
U Oregon
Case-BasedPlanning
CMU
MITRE
U. Maryland
ModelingSimulation
& Evaluation
U. Mass
Klein
NorthwesternUniversity
U. Edinburgh
U. Rochester
KB PlanningSystems
SRI
Representation& Intelligent KB
USC/ISI
Loral
GE CRD
Planning UnderUncertainty
Brown University
Rockwell Int’l
U Washington
ISTI
U. Edinburgh
WorkflowManagement &
Process Control
MCC
U Wisconsin UCLA
ISX
BBNHoneywell
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OOTTTTTactical Technology OfficeTactical Technology Office
Long-term Contributions of PDA to the Soldier
• Shared plan representations cognizant of military principles, doctrine, SOPs and TTPs. Makes possible:
• Doctrinally correct plan usable by everyone.
• Fast generation of multiple distinct COAs, including ones the commander may not have considered.
• Support commander creativity through human guidance.
• Uniformly high plan quality, even during high-stress crises.
• Continuous analysis of the plan using multiple metrics.
• Monitor plan execution and respond quickly to events, helping the commander modify the plan appropriately.
• Provide relevant information to other echelons, allowing fast communication while preserving bandwidth.
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OOTTTTTactical Technology OfficeTactical Technology Office
Key Issues for SUOKey Issues for SUO
The underlying plan representations must be done correctly to support the desired command and control loop
Plans are: doctrinally correct uniform high quality
Beliefs,Resources,Constraints
OperatorsGoalsAdvice
Planner
PLAN: Action Structure
Soldiers and sensors in the field(apply SOPs)
Actions
Plan Managerworking with the CommanderRapidly respond to events, changing
actions and reallocating resources, comms. to other echelons if necessary
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OOTTTTTactical Technology OfficeTactical Technology Office
Technical Contributions by SRI/AIAI to SUO
• Contribution to the representation of shared objectives, plans, processes, SOPs and TTPs in SUO.
• Generation of multiple qualitatively distinct alternative COAs dependent upon alternative assumptions and advice about the situation.
• Support for mixed-initiative incremental plan development, manipulation and use.
• Plan repair as situation changes.
• Systems integration framework for modular planning and plan analysis systems.
• Management of planning and execution process - promotion of intelligent process management and workflow concepts.
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OOTTTTTactical Technology OfficeTactical Technology Office
SUO/PDA Input to SUO/SAS ProgramSUO/PDA Input to SUO/SAS Program
• Aim is to communicate and transfer some of the relevant results of the ARPI/PDA work to SUO.
• To do this by joining in the SUO. Community and understanding its requirements.
• To demonstrate some appropriate and relevant Advanced Planning & Decision Aids Technology.
• To be helpful to the contracting teams.• AIAI/SRI want to act as a conduit to the work of
others where they can see its potential relevance.
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OOTTTTTactical Technology OfficeTactical Technology Office
SUO/PDA Preliminary WorkplanSUO/PDA Preliminary Workplan
Phase 1: Familiarization& Domain Modeling
Dec98--->Mar99 Apr99----------->Jun99 Jul99------------->Dec99 Jan00--->Mar00
Phase 2: Demo Storyboard,Concept Proofs & FurtherDomain Modeling
Phase 3: System Adaptation& Demo Production
Phase 4: TransferOf Results
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OOTTTTTactical Technology OfficeTactical Technology Office
More Detailed SlidesMore Detailed Slides
May not be necessary for
9-Feb-99 Briefing
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OOTTTTTactical Technology OfficeTactical Technology Office
SUO Planning & Decision Aids
Advanced Planning Technology Schedule• 1QCY99 - Domain familiarization. Domain modeling. Create initial plan and activity templates for offensive and defensive scenarios.
• 2QCY99 - SUO Scenario and storyboard/demo script development. Walk through of technology requirements, mockup of non-working parts. Produce demo script and scenarios.
• 3QCY99 - Technology and demonstration development first pass, mock demonstration.
• 4QCY99 - Full demonstration development.
• 1QCY00 - Transition and communication of results to SUO contractor. Refinement of demonstration and technology. Integration of further modules to support more effective demonstrations.
• Use results of DARPA/AFRL Planning Initiative (ARPI) and Planning & Decision Aids (PDA) work
• Multi-Agent Planning Architecture (MPA) and O-Plan Systems Integration Architecture
• SIPE-2 and O-Plan Generative Planners
• Mixed Initiative Planning Aids
• Planning Domain Knowledge Acquisition Tools/Editors
• Plan Repair Algorithms
• Planning Process Panels
• Rich Shared Plan Representations
SUO/PDA Objective
Capability to communicate, refine, execute and repair plans across multiple echelons from company level down to platoon and squad level.
Two examples of COA plan generation and use:- one offensive (MOUT);- one defensive (protect pass in mixed terrain).
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OOTTTTTactical Technology OfficeTactical Technology Office
Example of SRI ARPI/PDA WorkGiving Advice to a PlannerExample of SRI ARPI/PDA WorkGiving Advice to a Planner
Integrating human judgement fixes many shortcomings of
automated planning technology
Heuristic search algorithm plans quickly maintains all constraints
State ofthe World
Actions OneMight Take
Objectives
Beliefs,Resources,Constraints
Operators
Goals
SIPE-2 Planner
PLAN: Action Structure
SIPE-2Execution Monitor and Replanner
Actions
Commander’sGuidance
Advice
Advice: qualitatively different COAs “directed” search of options
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OOTTTTTactical Technology OfficeTactical Technology Office
Example of AIAI ARPI/PDA WorkEdinburgh O-Plan ProjectExample of AIAI ARPI/PDA WorkEdinburgh O-Plan Project
• Using domain constraints to support the coordinated development of plans.
• Communication between users acting as Task Assigner and Planner.
• Intelligent workflow model of planning based on “issue” handling (agenda/to-do list).
• Simplified planner interfaces to allow ”plug and plan” component integration.
• Uniform manipulation of plans as a set of constraints (<I-N-OVA> model).
MILESTONES (1996-98)
NEW IDEAS
IMPACT
CONCEPT
Task Direction& Plan Analysis
COA-2COA-1 Planning WorkflowOption: COA-2Phase: Deployment
World View
Option COA-2Authority: ...
Order Issued: .. Plan View
Plan Development& Refinement
TaskAssigner Planner
...Criteria 1Criteria 2Criteria 3...
Q4/Y1
Q4/Y2
Q4/Y3
• MIP Demonstration in Pacifica NEO• Initial Evaluation Matrix• Demonstration scenario development
• Workflow Planning Aid Experiments• TIE with Rochester on Tasking• Release of O-Plan Version 3.1• Evaluation Experiments Interim Report
• Mixed Initiative Planning Demo.• TIE with USC/ISI on plan evaluation• Release of O-Plan Version 3.2• Final Evaluation Report
• Generation of multiple qualitatively distinct alternative COAs dependent upon alternative assumptions concerning the emerging crisis.
• Support for mixed-initiative incremental plan development, manipulation and use.
• Promotion of intelligent process management and workflow concepts.
• Integration framework for large-scale modular planning systems.
• Contribution to shared plan representations.
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OOTTTTTactical Technology OfficeTactical Technology Office
SUO/PDA Preliminary Systems SketchKnowledge Acquisition StageSUO/PDA Preliminary Systems SketchKnowledge Acquisition Stage
Process ModelingMethods & Tools
Modeler orKnowledge
Engineer
Army CALL BulletinsDoctrine, SOP, TTP
Domain ModelActivity
Templates &ConstraintsSubject Matter Experts
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OOTTTTTactical Technology OfficeTactical Technology Office
SUO/PDA Preliminary Systems SketchPlanning & Decision Aids Use StageSUO/PDA Preliminary Systems SketchPlanning & Decision Aids Use Stage
Echelon NPlanning &
Execution System
Other ModulesEchelon N
Planning-relatedSupport Modules
OPORDFRAGO Reports
Echelon N+1Planning &
Execution System
Other ModulesEchelon N+1
Planning-relatedSupport Modules
OPORDFRAGO Reports
OPORDFRAGO Reports
Domain ModelActivity
Templates &Constraints
Com
pany
Lev
elP
lato
on/S
quad
Lev
el
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OOTTTTTactical Technology OfficeTactical Technology Office
SUO/PDA Preliminary System SketchInstantiation of ComponentsSUO/PDA Preliminary System SketchInstantiation of Components
Echelon NPlanning &
Execution System
Other ModulesEchelon N
Planning-relatedSupport Modules
Echelon N+1Planning &
Execution System
Other ModulesEchelon N+1
Planning-relatedSupport Modules
Domain ModelActivity
Templates &Constraints
E.g., MPA, SIPE-2, O-Plan, ACP3
E.g., Plan Sketch ToolE.g., Web O-Plan, O-P3
E.g., ModSAF,Blue/Red Force Laydown
E.g., Act Editor, CPF