Download - Structure and Properties of the Nucleus
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Phosphorescent materials continue to glow after the lights are turned off. How can you use the model of an atom to explain this?
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Structure and Properties of the Nucleus
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NucleonsProton is the nucleus of the simplest atom, hydrogen. It has positive charge (+e) and mass mp=1.6726x10-27 kg.
Neutron is electrically neutral and has mass mn=1.6749x10-27 kg
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Nuclei that contain the same number of protons but different number of neutrons are called isotopes.
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Nuclear Radii
3/115 )102.1( Amr
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Atomic Mass Unit
227 /5.931106605.11 cMeVkgu
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Binding Energy and Nuclear Forces
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The total mass of a stable nucleus is always less than the sum of the masses of its constituent protons and neutrons.
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The total energy represents the amount of energy that must be put into a nucleus in order to break it apart into its constituent protons and neutrons.
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To be stable, the mass of nucleus must be less than that of constituent nucleons, so that energy input is needed to break it apart.
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Radioactivity
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Radioactivity is the result of the disintegration or decay of instable element.
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Alpha Decay
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Smoke Detectors
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parent daughter
Transmutation
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Q-Value
The energy released is called the disintegration energy, Q or Q-value:
2)( cMMMQ DP
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Beta Decay
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Gamma Decay
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1. Which of the three types of radiation will interact with electric field?
2. Why do beta rays and alpha rays deflect in opposite directions when moving through a magnetic field?
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Baby-Quiz
1. Where would you most likely find an electron in the first excited state for a one-dimensional box?
2. Why do some minerals glow when they are illuminated with ultraviolet light?
3. The wavelength of red light is 600 nm. An electron with a speed of 1.2 km/s has the same wavelength. Will the electron look red? Explain.
4. An electron and proton have the same speeds. Which has the longer wavelength? Why?