-
7/30/2019 Strategic Bombing - Atomic Bombs - JP Surrender
1/36
Strategic Bombing of Japan
Mr. Klein
Spring 2013
-
7/30/2019 Strategic Bombing - Atomic Bombs - JP Surrender
2/36
Two goals of strategic bombing
1. Destroy enemys ability to produce andwage war
2. Break will of enemy to fight
But at what cost in terms of civilian lives?
-
7/30/2019 Strategic Bombing - Atomic Bombs - JP Surrender
3/36
Robert McNamara Gen. Curtis LeMay
-
7/30/2019 Strategic Bombing - Atomic Bombs - JP Surrender
4/36
Japanese Bombing Campaign
Maj. Gen. LeMay commands B-29squadron on Tinian
-
7/30/2019 Strategic Bombing - Atomic Bombs - JP Surrender
5/36
Island Hopping
-
7/30/2019 Strategic Bombing - Atomic Bombs - JP Surrender
6/36
Japanese Bombing Campaign
Maj. Gen. LeMay commands B-29squadron on Tinian
March 1945 Lemay changes tactics
JP cities made ofwood
Now will use incendiary bombs First attack will be on Tokyo
-
7/30/2019 Strategic Bombing - Atomic Bombs - JP Surrender
7/36
Fog of War
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j8TOJy3eO1A
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j8TOJy3eO1Ahttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j8TOJy3eO1Ahttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j8TOJy3eO1Ahttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j8TOJy3eO1Ahttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j8TOJy3eO1Ahttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j8TOJy3eO1Ahttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j8TOJy3eO1A -
7/30/2019 Strategic Bombing - Atomic Bombs - JP Surrender
8/36
Japanese Casualties
Fire bombing campaign (67 cities) results:
900,000 JP deaths
1.2 million JP wounded
US Navy estimates for full invasion of JP:
1.6 million to 4 million US casualties
Up to 10 million JP casualties
-
7/30/2019 Strategic Bombing - Atomic Bombs - JP Surrender
9/36
What should the rules of war be?
Homework:
Create 2 guidelines you believethe United States should followwhen choosing targets to bomb
during wartime.
Bring to class Monday
-
7/30/2019 Strategic Bombing - Atomic Bombs - JP Surrender
10/36
Manhattan Project
&
Japanese Surrender
Mr. Klein
Spring 2013
-
7/30/2019 Strategic Bombing - Atomic Bombs - JP Surrender
11/36
Next
Read 741-743 (stop at Soviets Tighten theirHold) forFriday
Fornext Thursday 744-746 (start at IronCurtain) and 748-749 (The Marshall Plan)
Only 8 pagespace yourself to be done ontime (can always read it early)
Quizzes very possibleACTIVE READING
O i i f N l W
-
7/30/2019 Strategic Bombing - Atomic Bombs - JP Surrender
12/36
Origins of Nuclear Weapons
1938 Germany is first to split the uranium atom
-
7/30/2019 Strategic Bombing - Atomic Bombs - JP Surrender
13/36
Physicists Weighs in
US Physicists see potentialforfission:
Energy
Weapons
Leo Szilard and EdwardTellerfear Germans may
work toward atomic bomb Not known outside science
community
Needs a big name to getFDR attention
-
7/30/2019 Strategic Bombing - Atomic Bombs - JP Surrender
14/36
August 1939
-
7/30/2019 Strategic Bombing - Atomic Bombs - JP Surrender
15/36
Portion of Einstein-Szilard Letter
-
7/30/2019 Strategic Bombing - Atomic Bombs - JP Surrender
16/36
-
7/30/2019 Strategic Bombing - Atomic Bombs - JP Surrender
17/36
-
7/30/2019 Strategic Bombing - Atomic Bombs - JP Surrender
18/36
Roosevelt starts research
FDR will not let Hitlerget bomb first
Starts Advisory
Committee on Uranium
Research done atColombia, U of Chicago,and Berkley
Expands into
Manhattan Project
K Fi
-
7/30/2019 Strategic Bombing - Atomic Bombs - JP Surrender
19/36
Key Figures
Enrico Fermi Gen. Lesley Groves
K Fi
-
7/30/2019 Strategic Bombing - Atomic Bombs - JP Surrender
20/36
Key Figures
J. Robert Oppenheimer Ernest Lawrence
T S t
-
7/30/2019 Strategic Bombing - Atomic Bombs - JP Surrender
21/36
Top Secret 130,000 workers
Costs $2 billion
Build largest factory onearth (Oak Ridge, TN)
Bomb itself designed atLos Alamos, NM
Kept TOP SECRET
almost no one knows,including
Truman only finds outonce FDR dies on
April 12, 1945
-
7/30/2019 Strategic Bombing - Atomic Bombs - JP Surrender
22/36
Fat Man and Little Boy
Fat
Man
Little
Boy
-
7/30/2019 Strategic Bombing - Atomic Bombs - JP Surrender
23/36
The Trinity Test
July 16, 1945
Mushroom cloudextending to 40,000feet.
1,300 foot diametercrater sand turns to10 ft thick glass
Bomb = power of20,000 tons(20 kilotons) of TNT.
Now I am become
Death, destroyer ofworlds.
-
7/30/2019 Strategic Bombing - Atomic Bombs - JP Surrender
24/36
Hiroshima (August 6, 1945)
Warns JP on July 25, 1945 to surrender orface utter destruction
US drops 5 million leaflets warning JP toevacuate 33 cities in advance of bombing
Hiroshima chosen due to industry and
mid-sized population
Enola Gayleaves Tinian with Little Boy
-
7/30/2019 Strategic Bombing - Atomic Bombs - JP Surrender
25/36
-
7/30/2019 Strategic Bombing - Atomic Bombs - JP Surrender
26/36
-
7/30/2019 Strategic Bombing - Atomic Bombs - JP Surrender
27/36
Estimated 140,000 dead from blast or radiation
90% of cit destro ed
-
7/30/2019 Strategic Bombing - Atomic Bombs - JP Surrender
28/36
Nagasaki (August 9, 1945)
JP will still not surrender
Nagasaki bombed 3 days later
NOT original targettarget city covered in
clouds so moved to 2ndary target
Fat Man (plutonium bomb)
-
7/30/2019 Strategic Bombing - Atomic Bombs - JP Surrender
29/36
-
7/30/2019 Strategic Bombing - Atomic Bombs - JP Surrender
30/36
-
7/30/2019 Strategic Bombing - Atomic Bombs - JP Surrender
31/36
Bomb misses by 1.5 miles still destroys 50% of city Kills 80,000 people
-
7/30/2019 Strategic Bombing - Atomic Bombs - JP Surrender
32/36
-
7/30/2019 Strategic Bombing - Atomic Bombs - JP Surrender
33/36
Japan Surrenders!!
August 14, 1945 Japan announces theywill surrender
August 15, 1945
VJ DAY!!The War is OVER
-
7/30/2019 Strategic Bombing - Atomic Bombs - JP Surrender
34/36
-
7/30/2019 Strategic Bombing - Atomic Bombs - JP Surrender
35/36
-
7/30/2019 Strategic Bombing - Atomic Bombs - JP Surrender
36/36
Reasons for Surrender
Hirohito prevails over military leaders tosurrender JP to Allies
3 reasons:
"a collapse of domestic morale
inadequate preparation to resist the invasion
vast destructiveness of the atomic bomb andthe air attacks
Do these match our overall goals for
b bi ??