Stem-changing verbsStem-changing verbsStem-changing verbsStem-changing verbs
pp. 231, 257, 274pp. 231, 257, 274
• Differ from regular verbs because of a stem-change when conjugated,– but stem-change is consistent, and
regular endings still apply.– SO, is not irregular.
• Stem-change occurs in all singular forms and 3rd person plural boot verbs
Yo Nosotros
Tú Vosotros
Él Ellos
4 types of stem-changing verbs in
present tense• e ie• e i• o ue• u ue
Some common stem-Some common stem-changing verbschanging verbs
Some common stem-Some common stem-changing verbschanging verbs
not a comprehensive listnot a comprehensive list
e ie• pensar (ie)• cerrar (ie)• empezar (ie)• encender (ie)• preferir (ie)• querer (ie)• sentir (ie)• nevar (ie)
pensar (ie) = to thinkPienso Pensamos
Piensas Pensáis
Piensa Piensan
If more than one “e” in stem, 2nd “e” in the stem, changes.
Or. . . an “e” in prefix never changes
• empezar empiez 2nd “e” changes
• preferir prefier “e” in prefix doesn’t
• repetir repit
• querer quier only 1 “e” in stem
preferir (ie) = to preferPrefiero Preferimos
Prefieres Preferís
Prefiere Prefieren
e i• pedir (i)• repetir (i)
Repito Repetimos
Repites Repetís
Repite Repiten
o ue• poder (ue)• costar (ue)• recordar (ue)• volver (ue)• llover (ue)• dormir (ue)
Duermo Dormimos
Duermes
Dormís
Duerme Duermen
u ue• jugar (ue) Juego Jugamos
Juegas Jugáis
Juega Juegan
Stem-changing verbs Stem-changing verbs in the present in the present progressiveprogressive
Stem-changing verbs Stem-changing verbs in the present in the present progressiveprogressive
-ir stem-changing verbs• take off –ir ending• change e i or o u• add –iendo to end
• servir sirviendo• pedir pidiendo• decir diciendo• dormir durmiendo• morir muriendo• seguir siguiendo• venir viniendo
• poder pudiendo
Notes about usage of Notes about usage of some common stem-some common stem-
changing verbschanging verbs
Notes about usage of Notes about usage of some common stem-some common stem-
changing verbschanging verbs
Notes about pensar• pensar + infinitive = plan/intend to
– Pienso ir a Venezuela.– I plan to go to Venezuela.
• pensar + de = to ask for an opinion– ¿Qué piensas de los platos nuevos?– What do you think of the new plates?
• pensar + que = express opinions/thoughts– Pienso que son bonitos.– I think that they are pretty.
• pensar + en = about whom/what someone is thinking– Pienso en mi tarea.– I am thinking about my homework.
Notes about empezar• empezar is followed by the preposition
“a” when followed by an infinitive– Empiezo a estudiar.
• I am beginning to study.
– Empiezo el libro.• I am starting the book.
– Empiezo a leer el libro.• I am starting to read the book.
Notes about pedir• Pedir permiso para =
– to ask permission to do something
• Pedir perdón =– to excuse self or ask for forgiveness
• Pedir prestado/a =– to ask for a loan or to borrow
something
Pedir vs Preguntar• Pedir =
– to ask for, to request, to order (in a restaurant)
• Preguntar = – to ask (a question)– similar to hacer una pregunta