M.Bruzzi for RD42 Coll.- Status of R&D on Diamond Particle Detectors- Vertex2002, Hawaii, Nov.4-8, 2002
Status of the R&Ds on Diamond Particle Detectors
Mara BruzziUniversity of Florence - INFN Firenze
For the RD42 CollaborationNovember 6, 2002 - VERTEX2002
Outline of the Talk:
Introduction2001/2002 MilestonesStatus of PolyCrystalline Diamond Particle DetectorsSingle Crystal Diamond Particle DetectorsSummary and RD42 Plans
M.Bruzzi for RD42 Coll.- Status of R&D on Diamond Particle Detectors- Vertex2002, Hawaii, Nov.4-8, 2002
http://rd42.web.cern.ch/RD42/W. Adam1, E. Berdermann2, P. Bergonzo3, W. deBoer20, E. Borchi4, A. Brambilla3, M. Bruzzi4, C.
Colledani5, J. Conway6, P. D'Angelo7, W.Dabrowski8, P. Delpierre9, J. Doroshenko6, W.
Dulinski5, B. van Eijk11, A. Fallou9, P. Fischer19, F.Fizzotti12, C. Furetta7, K.K. Gan13, N. Ghodbane10, E.Grigoriev20, G. Hallewell9, S. Han13 , F. Hartjes11, J.
Hrubec1 , D. Husson5, H. Kagan 13, Kaplon14, C.Karl10, R. Kass13, M. Keil19, K.T. Knöpfle15, T.
Koeth6, M. Krammer1, A. Logiudice12, R. Lu12, L.macLynne6, C. Manfredotti12, D. Marshall3, D.
Meier14, D. Menichelli4, S. Meuser19, M. Mishina16,L. Moroni7, J. Noomen11, A. Oh14 , L. Perera6, M.
Pernicka1, P. Polesello12, R. Potenza21, J.L. Riester5,S. Roe14, A. Rudge14, L. Rousseau3, S. Sala7, M.
Sampietro17, S. Schnetzer6, S. Sciortino4, H. Stelzer2,R. Stone6, C. Sutera21, G.B. Thomson6, W.
Trischuk18, D. Tromson3 , C. Tuve21, B. Vincenzo21,E. Vittone12, W. Zeuner10, M. Zoeller13, P.
Weilhammer 14, N. Wermes19, M. Wetstein6
1HEPHY, Vienna, Austria2GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
3LETI/DEIN/SPE/CEA Saclay, France4INFN, University of Florence, Italy
5LEPSI, IN2P3/CNRS-ULP, Strasbourg, France6Rutgers University, Piscataway, U.S.A.
7INFN, Milano, Italy8UMM, Cracow, Poland
9CPPM, Marseille, France10Inst. für Exp. Physik, Hamburg, Germany
11NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands12University of Torino, Italy
13Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, U.S.A.14CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
15MPI für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany16FNAL, Batavia, IL, U.S.A.17Polytechnico Milano, Italy
18University of Toronto, Canada19Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
20Universität Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany21University of Roma, Italy
Spokespersons
The RD42 Collaboration
M.Bruzzi for RD42 Coll.- Status of R&D on Diamond Particle Detectors- Vertex2002, Hawaii, Nov.4-8, 2002
Introduction
LHC L ~ 1034 cm-2s-1 in 10 years: f ~ 1015 n/cm2 for pixels
SLHC L ~ 1035 cm-2s-1 fast hadron f up to 1016 cm-2
Inner tracking layers must survive provide high precision tracking to tag b, t, Higgs
Diamond Properties:Radiation hardnessLow Dielectric Constant Low CapacitanceLow Leakage Current Low readout noiseRoom Temperature Operation , Fast signal collection time
M.Bruzzi for RD42 Coll.- Status of R&D on Diamond Particle Detectors- Vertex2002, Hawaii, Nov.4-8, 2002
2001/2002 Milestones
Priorities of Research in 2001/2002
Increase charge collection distance in a dedicated program with industry to > 250mTest the Tracking and radiation tolerance properties of the newest diamondsEstablish the performance of pixel detectors with radiation hard front-end chips from ATLAS and CMSEstablish the performance of large detectorsTest diamond trackers with LHC specific electronics (SCTA128 chip )Irradiate modules sensors and front-end chips togetherFinalize the geometry and metalization of diamond LHC pixel detectors
M.Bruzzi for RD42 Coll.- Status of R&D on Diamond Particle Detectors- Vertex2002, Hawaii, Nov.4-8, 2002
Status of PolyCrystalline Diamond Detectors
Chemical Vapour Deposition - DeBeers Wafer diameter 5-6 inch Metalization Cr/Au, Ti/Au, Ti/W new 1V/m Operation, Drift velocity saturated Test procedure: dot strip pixel
M.Bruzzi for RD42 Coll.- Status of R&D on Diamond Particle Detectors- Vertex2002, Hawaii, Nov.4-8, 2002
R&D with DeBeers Ind. Diamond
Latest Polycrystalline Diamonds Measured with a 90Sr Source
•System Gain = 124 e/mV•QMP = 60mV = 7400e•Mean Charge = 76mV = 9400e
Source data well separated from 0 Collection distance now 270m Most Probable Charge now 8000e 99% of PH distribution now above 3000e FWHM/MP ~ 0.95 Si has ~ 0.5 This is diamond is available in large size
The research program worked!
M.Bruzzi for RD42 Coll.- Status of R&D on Diamond Particle Detectors- Vertex2002, Hawaii, Nov.4-8, 2002
History of ccd progress
Now
M.Bruzzi for RD42 Coll.- Status of R&D on Diamond Particle Detectors- Vertex2002, Hawaii, Nov.4-8, 2002
Material Properties of PolyCrystalline Diamond Grain-boundaries, dislocations, native defects in Polycrystalline Diamond:
limits carrier lifetime, mobility and charge collection distancegive rise to polarization and pumping effectsaffect the radiation hardness ( spatial resolution improves, leakage current decrease, mean signal decreases )
State-of-art DeBeers PolyDiamond growth side after lapping
Grain size: ~10-100m
Growth side of PolyDiamond produced by the Florence group
M.Bruzzi for RD42 Coll.- Status of R&D on Diamond Particle Detectors- Vertex2002, Hawaii, Nov.4-8, 2002
Basic Research on Defects in PolyCrystalline Diamond
Thermally Stimulated Currents Analysis: TSC
Vrev
tT
tITS
Ct
Low quality
High quality
Native defects at grain boundaries: Main peak@520K + RT tail Et ~1eV, ~ 10-12-10-19cm2, Nt ~ 1015-1019cm-3
M.Bruzzi for RD42 Coll.- Status of R&D on Diamond Particle Detectors- Vertex2002, Hawaii, Nov.4-8, 2002
Optimising CCE through Material Removal
Removal from growth () and substrate ()
Single-Crystal Line
Higher grain-boundary density on substrate
Columnar growth in PolyDiamond films
Picture from sample made in Florence
M.Bruzzi for RD42 Coll.- Status of R&D on Diamond Particle Detectors- Vertex2002, Hawaii, Nov.4-8, 2002
100 GeV/c pion/muon beam 7 planes of CVD diamond strip sensors each 2cmx2cm 50m pitch, no intermediate strips new metalization procedure 2 additional diamond strip sensors for test several silicon sensors for cross checks strip electronics ( 2s ): ENC ~100e + 14 e/pF
Recent Tracking Studies - CERN Test beam setup
M.Bruzzi for RD42 Coll.- Status of R&D on Diamond Particle Detectors- Vertex2002, Hawaii, Nov.4-8, 2002
Uniform signals on all strips Pedestal separated from “0” on all strips 99% of entries above 2000e Mean signal charge ~8640e MP signal charge ~6500e
Module with fully radiation hard SCTA128 electronics Tested with Sr90 ready for beam test and irradiation Charge distribution clearly separated from the noise S/N 8/1 efficiency will be measured in test beams at 40MHz clock rate Improve position resolution by measuring charge sharing between strips
.. Work in progress
Recent Tracking Studies
Results
M.Bruzzi for RD42 Coll.- Status of R&D on Diamond Particle Detectors- Vertex2002, Hawaii, Nov.4-8, 2002
Radiation Hardness
Dark Current decreases with fluenceS/N decreases at 2x1015cm-2
Resolution improves at 2x1015 cm-2
Signal to Noise Resolution
M.Bruzzi for RD42 Coll.- Status of R&D on Diamond Particle Detectors- Vertex2002, Hawaii, Nov.4-8, 2002
Pumping effect less evident Defects at Et ~1eV partially removed or compensated f = 2.0x1015 n/cm2
f = 5x1014 n/cm2
Pumping and Trapping
Other Radiation Effects
M.Bruzzi for RD42 Coll.- Status of R&D on Diamond Particle Detectors- Vertex2002, Hawaii, Nov.4-8, 2002
Single Crystal CVD Diamond Particle Detectors
Single Crystal films produced by DeBeers: Microwave plasma-assisted CVD Homoepitaxial diamond films grown from HPHT synthetic diamond substrates. Samples size: 390-690m thick, 6mm diameter
Carrier mobility @ RT n ~ 4500 cm2/Vsh ~ 3800 cm2/Vs~ factor 2 higher than for natural single-crystal diamond
Carrier lifetime: exceeds 2s Dramatic improvement as compared with natural and polycrystalline CVD diamond (~ few ns)
Dislocation less than 106 cm-2
Nitrogen content of the order of 1015cm-3
M.Bruzzi for RD42 Coll.- Status of R&D on Diamond Particle Detectors- Vertex2002, Hawaii, Nov.4-8, 2002
Performance of Single Crystal Diamond Detector New metalization ( Al, no carbide involved )
M.Bruzzi for RD42 Coll.- Status of R&D on Diamond Particle Detectors- Vertex2002, Hawaii, Nov.4-8, 2002
Single Crystal CVD Diamond Detector: CCE
Charge Collection Distance ~ Device Thickness ( over 90-95%) ~ 100% Charge Collection Efficiency
M.Bruzzi for RD42 Coll.- Status of R&D on Diamond Particle Detectors- Vertex2002, Hawaii, Nov.4-8, 2002
Stable Signal, with no evidence of priming/polarization effects! Single Crystal Diamonds do not pump like polycrystalline material.
Single Crystal CVD Diamond Detector: Pumping
M.Bruzzi for RD42 Coll.- Status of R&D on Diamond Particle Detectors- Vertex2002, Hawaii, Nov.4-8, 2002
Summary
Polycrystalline Diamond I
Charge collection270m collection distance MP signal 8000 e99% of charge distribution above 3000eFWHM/MP 0.95
Tracking ResultsOperated a 7 plane telescope with 50m pitch detectorshigh efficiency and tracking precision of 10-20mmRad-hard SCTA128 electronics (DMILL ) builtSource tests indicate high efficiency at 40MHzBeam test and irradiation this year
Radiation Hardnessdark current decreases with fluencesome loss of S/N with fluenceResolution improves with fluence
M.Bruzzi for RD42 Coll.- Status of R&D on Diamond Particle Detectors- Vertex2002, Hawaii, Nov.4-8, 2002
Summary
Polycrystalline Diamond II
Diamond Pixel DetectorsSuccessfully tested ATLAS and CMS pixels patternsBump-bonding yield 100%Excellent correlation between telescope and pixel dataReasonable spatial resolution attainedRadiation hard chips just arrived
Single Crystal Diamond: Future ?
Material Characteristicsn ~ 4500 cm2/Vs , h ~ 3800 cm2/Vs Carrier lifetime exceeds 2s low native defect content
Detector performanceno pumping effect100% charge collection efficiency over 550m
M.Bruzzi for RD42 Coll.- Status of R&D on Diamond Particle Detectors- Vertex2002, Hawaii, Nov.4-8, 2002
Future Plans of RD42
Charge Collection collection distance 300m improved uniformity correlation between defects and detector performance
Radiation hardness of diamond trackers and pixel detectors Irradiation with p, , n up to 5x1015cm-2
Beam tests with Diamond Trackers and Pixel detectors Trackers with SCTA Electronics Pixel detectors with ATLAS and CMS and rad hard elect. Construct the full ATLAS diamond pixel module