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State-owned Aquatic Lands: Aquaculture and the State of the
Science
Michal RechnerAquatic Resources Assistant Division Manager
Micah Horwith, Ph.D.Acidification Nearshore Monitoring Network
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Overview
• State-owned aquatic lands and their management
• Ocean acidification and aquatic vegetation• Microplastics• Q&A
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State-owned Aquatic Lands
• 2.6 million acres • Generate about $30M annual revenue
through leases and geoduck sales• Protect fish and wildlife• Manage geoduck fishery • Encourage public use and access• Remove derelict vessels and creosote-
treated wood • Provide commerce and navigation
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The Management Mandate
“… state-owned aquatic lands are a finite natural resource of great value and an irreplaceable public heritage.” RCW 79.105.010
“…strive to provide a balance of public benefits for all citizens of the state.” RCW 79.105.030
The Four Plus One:Encourage direct public use and access
Foster water-dependent usesEnsure environmental protection
Utilize renewable resources(Plus One: Generate revenue, but not a fiduciary requirement)
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DNR Aquatic Districts
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Aquatic Lands in Thurston County
• Total Acres: 27,100 acres– State-owned: 23,500 acres
• Tidelands: 525 acres• Bedlands: 18,600 acres
– Privately owned tidelands: 3,600 acres
Woodard Bay Port of Olympia Tolmie State Park
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DNR Use Authorizations
One aquaculture lease in Thurston County – mussel raft in Totten Inlet.
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Authorizing Aquaculture
• Unique use: separate statutes• Stewardship measures
– Use specific, site by site– Protect native aquatic vegetation– Protect forage fish– Avoid contamination
• Regulatory permits– Must be obtained before DNR can
finalize lease
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Photo: Jonas Thormor
Stewardship and global change: developing adaptation measures for ocean warming and acidification
Thurston County Planning Commission, 12.05.2018Micah Horwith, WDNR
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Photos: W Harrigan,
Pillar coral(D. cylindrus)
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Photos: W Harrigan,R Bartz,
Pillar coral(D. cylindrus)
Coccolithophore(G. oceanica)
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Photos: W Harrigan,R Bartz,
B Inaglory,
Pillar coral(D. cylindrus)
Coccolithophore(G. oceanica)
Brittle star(O. erinaceus)
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Photos: W Harrigan,R Bartz,
B Inaglory,JR Balle
Pillar coral(D. cylindrus)
Coccolithophore(G. oceanica)
Brittle star(O. erinaceus)
Geoduck clam(P. generosa)
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JR Balle
Geoduck clam(P. generosa)
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JR Balle
Geoduck clam(P. generosa)
Shellfish have ecological, cultural,economic, & recreational value
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JR Balle
Geoduck clam(P. generosa)
Shellfish have ecological, cultural,economic, & recreational value
Washington farms more shellfish than anyother state: ~$150MM/yr industry
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JR Balle
Geoduck clam(P. generosa)
Shellfish have ecological, cultural,economic, & recreational value
Washington farms more shellfish than anyother state: ~$150MM/yr industry
WDNR collects ~$22MM/yr for geoduckharvest rights & ~$1MM/yr for leased farmland
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Barton et al. 2015
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Barton et al. 2015
pHT: 8.0
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Barton et al. 2015
pHT: 8.0 pHT: 7.5
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Barton et al. 2015
Shell formation is impaired at low pH
pHT: 8.0 pHT: 7.5
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Does seagrass counteract acidification?
Could eelgrass restoration improve water quality?
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RCO2
CO2
Respiration:CO2 is produced
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RCO2
CO2
CO2
Respiration:CO2 is produced
Photosynthesis:CO2 is consumed
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• Bare
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• Bare• Eelgrass
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• Bare• Eelgrass• Oysters
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• Bare• Eelgrass• Oysters
Eelgrass consumes CO2
& increases pH
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Photo: Luc Comeau
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Shell length
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Shell length
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Shell length
Shell length, mass, & strengthFatty acid contentStable isotope ratiosProteomics
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• Bare
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• Bare• Eelgrass
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• Bare• Eelgrass
Pacific oysters grew fasterin eelgrass
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Pacific oysters grew fasterin eelgrass
• Bare• Eelgrass
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• Bare• Eelgrass
Pacific oysters grew fasterin eelgrass
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• Bare• Eelgrass
Pacific oysters grew fasterin eelgrass
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Pacific oysters grew fasterin eelgrass
Similar results in 2016 & 2017
• Bare• Eelgrass
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Does seagrass counteract acidification?
Could eelgrass restoration improve water quality?
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Joemma Beach State Park
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Bare
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1-year-oldeelgrass
Bare
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Bare
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Bare
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Bare3-year-old
eelgrass
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Bare3-year-old
eelgrass
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1-year-old eelgrass 3-year-old eelgrass
Could eelgrass restoration improve local pH?
Daytime pH was higher in mature grass, but not new grass.
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DNR Contact Information