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Spanish Nouns, Articles,
and Adjectives
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Cognate
• a word that sounds similar in English
and Spanish
• Examples: Universidad interesante
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False-Cognate
• word that looks like a cognate, but it is
not.
• Examples: parientes embarazada
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Spanish Nouns
• All Spanish nouns are either
MASCULINE or FEMININE.
Everything is either a male or female.
• There is no “it.”
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“o” & “a”
• A noun ending in “o” will usually be
male. A noun ending in “a” is usually
feminine.
• However, there are exceptions.
Example: la mano (hand)
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Article
• The only real way to know for sure if a
noun is a boy or girl is by it’s “article.”
• An article is the 2 or 3 letter word that
comes before the noun.
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Articles
• There are two types of articles:
• Definite Articles
• Indefinite Articles
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4 Articles
• The 4 Definite Articles are:
• el la los las
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4 articles
• Article meaning example
• el male singular (el amigo)
• los male plural (los amigos)
• la female singular (la amiga)
• las female plural (las amigas)
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4 indefinite articles
• un
• una
• unos
• unas
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4 indefinite articles
• un - means “a” (male, singular)
• una - means “a” (female singular)
• Examples: un gato = a cat
• una puerta = a door
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4 Indefinite Articles
• unos - means “some” (male, plural)
• unas - means “some” (female, plural)
• Examples: unos gatos = some cats
• unas puertas = some doors
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Difference between articles
• The definite articles (el, la, los, las)
mean “the” when used with a noun.
• The indefinite articles (un, una, unos,
unas) mean “a” or “some”when used
with a noun.
• Example: el gato (the cat)
• un gato (a cat)
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Adjectives
• Adjective - word that describes a noun
• Examples: pretty, ugly, tall, short, etc...
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Spanish Adjectives
• Spanish ad jectives always go after the
noun.
• Examples:
el amigo guapo la escuela grande
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Adjectives
• In Spanish, the ad jective must agree
with the noun it describes.
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3 categories
• There are 3 categories of ad jectives:
• ends in “o”
• ends in “e”
• ends in a consonant
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Adjective ending in “o”
• Adjectives ending in “o” will have four forms:
• El amigo bueno (male singular)
• La amiga buena (female singular)
• Los amigos buenos (male plural)
• Las amigas buenas (female plural)
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Adjectives ending in “e”
• If an ad jective ends in “e” it will only
have 2 forms: singular & plural
• Examples:
• el curso interesante
• las clases interesantes
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Adjectives ending in
consonants
• If an ad jective ends in a consonant, it
will only be singular or plural. To
make it plural, add “es” at the end .
• El curso d ificil Las clases d ificiles
vowels consonants
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Checking for Understanding
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What is a cognate?
• a word that sounds similar in English
and Spanish
• Examples: Universidad interesante
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What is a false cognate?
• word that looks like a cognate, but it is not.
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In Spanish, every noun is
either a ___ or ___.
• Male or female
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What is the only thing that
can tell you for sure if a
noun is a male or female?
• the article
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How many categories of
articles are there?
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What are the 2 categories
of articles?
• Definite
• Indefinite
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What are the 4 definite
articles?
• el
• la
• los
• las
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What are the 4 categories
of indefinite articles?
• un
• una
• unos
• unas
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Do Spanish adjectives go
before or after a noun?
• after
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How many categories of
adjectives are there?
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What are the 3 adjective
categories?
• ends in “o”
• ends in “e”
• ends in consonant
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el fin