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Mike Pozesny Ph.D.(ABD), M.Sc.R-CPCT, MRT, CAMS
Sexual Interests and Rapist’s Modus OperandiProfiling - Week 3
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Introduction
• Examine the sexual interests of rapists– Level of organization – Level of force– Level of injury to the victim
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Use of Offender Profiling
• Uses crime scene characteristics• Generates information about behaviors• Narrows suspects• Aids in apprehension
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1. Fictional media glamorization2. Developed and used by agencies reluctant
to scrutiny of other practices3. Circular rationale that justifies it because
it is being used
Net result – we must link profile to MO to have anything of value
Why is profiling such a hot topic?
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Sexual Fantasy and Offending Behavior
• Sexual fantasies are important to understanding the criminal– Complex organizing function in the criminal– Determines verbal interactions– Preferred sexual acts– Ritualistic patterns– Transformation from fantasy to actual
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Predatory Sex Offenders
• More organized• More elaborate• More likely to report planning• Better content similarity with fantasy• Fantasy more related to aggression fantasy
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Phallometric Asessment
• Penile responses need at least a 10% factor• 3mm• Uses a circumferential transducer• Mercury-in-rubber strain gauge• Electrical conductance is measured• Audiotapes and other stimuli
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Avery-Clark and Laws Scale (1984)
• Three categories of force– No force– Minimal force– Force greater than necessary
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Avery-Clark and Laws Scale (1984)
• Damage to Victim– No damage– Slight damage no weapon– Slight damage with weapon– Victim treated and released– Victim treated with at least 1 night stay– Victim death– Victim death with post-mortem mutilation
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Ressler Index for Organization
• Use of a weapon• Use of physical restraints• Crime duration of more than 30 minutes• Victim forced to commit acts on the offender• Offender committing coital and non-coital acts
on the victim• Victim humiliation
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Predictor Blocks
• Sexual interests– People allege porn is the root of rapes being
committed
• Situational variables– Alcohol– Drugs– Pornography use– Negative emotional states
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Analysis
• Nonsexual violence is related to the scale of organization of the assault
• Use of porn prior to the crime negatively related to the use of force and level of injury
• If assault is well organized the level of force on victim is increased
• If assault is well organized the level of injury on victim is increased
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Analysis
• Nonsexual violence index positively linked to the scale of the level of organization of the sexual assault
• If the use of pornography and a negative emotional state are linked, the level of organization increases – state of mind affects pornography impacts
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Analysis
• Use of alcohol prior to the crime positively related to scale of use of force during sexual assault.
• None of routine sexual deviant interests are significantly related to the level of injury but use of porn and emotional state were.
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Analysis
• Pornography use is related to sexual preoccupation but can be associated with lower antisocial tendencies and lower violence rates?
• Alcohol a disinhibiting factor in sexual assaults leading to greater use of force and victim injury
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Analysis
• Negative emotional state greater determinant of level of injury on the victim
• Anger increases the arousal level to coercive sexual stimuli
• Sexual interests not tied as closely to rapes as originally thought.
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Sexual interests
• Fantasy sequencing• Behavioral try-outs• Self-masturbatory fantasies in sequence• “May be” conditioning models for sexual
arousal, may contain sadistic fantasies, which then need high levels of violence to reach sexual satisfaction.
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Sexual interests
• Rapists engage in rape behavior because of the cues associated with the act. They are arousing and optimally rewarding.
• Sexual interest for nonsexual violence is a good predictor of sexual sadism.
• Sadism can then predict characteristics of level of organization of the assault
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Sadistic Rapists
• Sexual assaults have been fantasized about• Premeditated• Include humiliating the victim (generally)• Use a weapon• Use physical restraints• Commit intrusive sexual acts• Utilize a longer crime time phase
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Conclusion
• Examined role of sexual interests and situational factors on three aspects of the rapist’s MO– Level of organization– Level of force– Level of injury
• Examined sexual arousal
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Conclusion
• Examined use of alcohol• Examined pornography impacts• Direct link between sexual deviance and rapist
MO not clearly defined• Modest link between nonsexual violence
attraction and level of organization of offender
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Conclusion
• Examined use of alcohol• Examined pornography impacts• Direct link between sexual deviance and rapist
MO not clearly defined• Modest link between nonsexual violence
attraction and level of organization of offender
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Conclusion
• Search warrants– Violent pornography– Detective magazines– Evidence of nonsexual violence– Preponderance of specificity– Domestic ecology
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Conclusion
• Criminal profiling process:– Rely less on study of the offender– More on the event– Combination analysis of offender, event, and
victim
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Thank you for your kind attention!
Any questions?