Download - Sexual Intercourse,Conception
SEXUAL INTERCOURSE
• COITUS OR COPULATION
• AT SOME POINT PENIS IS INSERTED INTO VAGINA
• SEXUAL RESPONSE CYCLE
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THE FOUR PHASES OF SEXUAL CYCLE
• EXCITEMENT
• PLATEAU
• ORGASM
• RESOLUTION
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EXCITEMENT
• CAN BE INITIATED PHYSICALLY (TACTILE STIMULI)AND/OR PSYCHOLOGICALLY
• CLITORIS, SURROUNDING PERINEAL AREA AND PENIS ARE PRIMARY AREAS FOR THIS
• OTHER SENSITIVE AREAS MAY CONTRIBUTE IF STIMULATED, BREASTS, TESTICLES, ETC.
• ERECTION OF PENIS AND CLITORIS RESULT (CLITORIS IS A HOMOLOGUE OF THE PENIS)
• LUBRICATION FROM VAGINAL CAPILLARIES, GLANDS AT OPENING OF VAGINA AND PENIS PREPARE FOR INTERCOURSE
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PLATEAU
• INTENSIFICATION OF CHANGES DURING EXCITEMENT PHASE
• HEART RATE AND BREATHING CHANGES• MUSCLE TENSION INCREASES• VAGINA TIGHTENS AROUND PENIS
HEIGHTENING SENSATION• UTERUS RAISES UPWARD CREATING
SPACE FOR EJACULATE
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MALE ORGASM
• RHYTHMIC CONTRACTIONS DURING SEMEN EXPULSION
• INVOLUNTARY RHYTHMIC THROBBING OF PELVIC MUSCLES
• BREATHING AND HEART RATE INCREASED
• EMOTIONAL RESPONSE: RELEASE AND COMPLETE GRATIFICATION
• RESOLUTION PHASE INVOLVES SYMPATHETIC VASOCONSTRICTION
• A REFRACTORY PERIOD PREVENTS MULTIPLE ORGASMS IN
THE MALE
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EPIDIDYMUS, VAS DEFERENS, URETHRA: EJACULATION
• ROUTE OF EXIT OF SPERM
• DUCTUS DEFERNS STORES SPERM
• DURING EMMISSION PHASE OF EJACULATION SPERM ARE EMPTIED INTO URETHRA BY SYMPATHETICALLY INDUCED CONTRACTIONS
• MOTOR NEURON INDUCED CONTRACTIONS OF SKELETAL MUSCLES AT BASE OF PENIS EXPELL THE SEMEN DURING EXPULSION PHASE OF EJACULATION
• EJACULATION IS A PART OF ORGASM
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FEMALE ORGASM
• PARALLELS THAT IN MALES WITH TWO EXCEPTIONS
• NO COUNTERPART TO EJACULATION
• NO REFRACTORY PERIOD-MULTIPLE ORGASMS POSSIBLE
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SEX DETERMINATION AND DIFFERENTIATION
• SEX CHROMOSOMES X AND Y• 22 PAIRS AUTOSOMAL• 1 PAIR DETERMINES SEX: XX OR XY• FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT AND
EXTERNAL GENETALIA DEVELOP REGARDLESS
• TESTOSTERONE PRODUCES MALE CHARACTERISTICS
• EVIDENT AFTER 10 TO 12 WEEKSwww.freelivedoctor.com
MALE REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY
• DEPENDS ON TESTOSTERONE
• TESTICULAR LEYDIG CELLS SECRETE TESTOSTERONE
• TESTES DESCEND AND PASS OUT OF ABDOMINAL CAVITY
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TESTOSTERONE: BEFORE BIRTH
• BEFORE BIRTH:MASCULINIZES REPRODUCTIVE TRACT AND EXTERNAL GENETALIA
• DESCENT OF TESTES
• CEASES AT BIRTH
• RETURNS AT PUBERTY
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PUBERTY IN THE MALE
• USUALLY 10-14 YEARS OLD
• ENDOCRINE,PHYSICAL, AND BEHAVIORAL
• LEYDIG CELLS “AWAKE”
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TESTOSTERONE: AT PUBERTY
• SPERMATOGENESIS
• ACCESSORY SEX GLANDS ENLARGE AND BECOME SECRETORY
• PENIS AND SCROTUM ENLARGE
• LIBIDO
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EFFECTS OF TESTOSTERONE ON SECONDARY SEX CHARACTERISTICS
• HAIR GROWTH PATTERN
• DEEP VOICE
• THICK SKIN
• MALE BODY CONFIGURATION
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OTHER EFFECTS OF TESTOSTERONE
• BONE GROWTH
• PROTEIN ANABOLIC EFFECT
• EVENTUALLY STOPS BONE GROWTH
• AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR(IN ANIMALS)
• MALE MENOPAUSE
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CONTROL OF TESTICULAR FUNCTION
HYPOTHALAMUS
ANTERIOR PITUITARY
GRH +
TESTES SERTOLI
CELL
LEYDIGCELL
TESTOSTERONEINHIBIN
SPERMATOGENESIS
FSH LH
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FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY
• CYCLIC
• OOGENESIS
• FERTILIZATION
• PREGNANCY
• DELIVERY
• MENOPAUSE
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THE OVARIAN CYCLE
• FOLLICULAR PHASE
• LEUTEAL PHASE
• ONLY INTERRUPTED BY PREGNANCY
• ENDS AT MENOPAUSE
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FOLLICULAR PHASE
• PRIMARY OOCYTE IS IN A PREPARATORY PHASE
• FIRST MEIOTIC DIVISION
• OVULATION
• ESTROGEN SECRETED FROM FOLLICLE
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LEUTEAL PHASE
• AFTER OVULATION
• DEVELOPMENT OF CORPUS LUTEUM
• SECRETES PROGESTERONE AND ESTROGEN
• DEGENERATES AFTER 2 WEEKS IF NOT FERTILIZED
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IF NOT FERTILIZED
• CORPUS LEUTEUM DEGENERATES• ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE LEVELS
FALL• MENSTRUAL PHASE INVOLVES
SLOUGHING OF PREPARED ENDOMETRIUM
• NEW CYCLE STARTS-NEW FOLLICLES DEVELOP AND BEGIN SECRETING ESTROGEN
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CONTROL OF FSH AND LH SECRETION DURING FOLLICULAR PHASE
HYPOTHALAMUS
ANTERIOR PITUITARY
GRH +
OVARY
LOW LEVELS OF ESTROGENINHIBIN
FSH LH
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CONTROL OF LH SURGE AT OVULATION
HYPOTHALAMUS
ANTERIOR PITUITARY
GNRH +
OVARY
HIGH LEVELS OF ESTROGENOVULATION
FSH LH
MATURE FOLLICLE
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FEEDBACK CONTROL DURING LUTEAL PHASE
HYPOTHALAMUS
ANTERIOR PITUITARY
GNRH +
OVARY
HIGH LEVELS OF
PROGESTERONE
LH
CORPUS LUTEUM
MODERATE LEVELS OF ESTROGEN
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FERTILIZATION
• IN OVIDUCT
• SPERM DEPOSITED IN VAGINA AT EJACULATION
• TRAVEL TO OVIDUCT TAKES A LITTLE OVER 1/2 HOUR
• CERVICAL CANAL IS OPEN DUE TO ESTROGEN BEING HIGH AND REMAINS OPEN TWO TO THREE DAYS
• SPERM ENTER UTERUS AND ARE CHURNED AROUND
• WHEN REACH OVIDUCT, SMOOTH MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS PROPELL THEM ONWARD
• MATURE EGG RELEASES A CHEMOTACTIC AGENT
• OUT OF SEVERAL HUNDRED MILLION ONLY A FEW THOUSAND MAKE IT
• TAIL OF SPERM MANEUVERS IT FOR FINAL PENETRATIONwww.freelivedoctor.com
HORMONES OF PREGNANCY
• PLACENTA IS ORGAN OF EXCHANGE
• PLACENTA SECRETES HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN (HCG)-PROLONGS LIFE OF CORPUS LUTEUM
• ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE LEVELS EVEN HIGHER NOW
• AFTER 10 WEEKS PLACENTA TAKES OVER
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PARTURITION
• POSITIVE FEEDBACK
• CERVICAL DILATION
• DELIVERY
• DELIVERY OF PLACENTA
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LACTATION
• MAMMARY GLANDS OR BREASTS
• MILK PRODUCING GLANDS AND FAT
• ACTION OF ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE IS TO PREPARE GLANDS DURING PREGNANCY
• ALSO BLOCK PROLACTIN’S STIMULATION
• OXYTOCIN-MILK EJECTION
• SUCKLING TRIGGERS OXYTOCIN RELEASE
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