SEQUENCE OF TENSESAND INDIRECT SPEECH

PRINCIPAL CLAUSE SUBORDINADE CLAUSE

Everybody knows

They have informed us

He will tell everybody

He says

that

PRINCIPAL CLAUSE

SUBORDINADE CLAUSE

Everybody knew

They informed us

He told everybody

He said

CHANGES OF ADVERBIALS, DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS AND

SOME OTHER WORDS

KARNEVSKAYA, p. 206

N.B!

This/that - that/those in time expressionsEg. This day – that day, these years –those years

This/that/ these/those - the when used as adjectives

Eg. “This film is nice," she said.– She said that the film was nice.

This/that - itThese/those they (them) – used as pronouns

Eg. “This is a tree," she said.– She said that it was a tree.

CHANGES IN MODAL VERBS

KARNEVSKAYA, p. 206

N.B!

Must – must/had to to express obligationEg. She told that I must/had to finish the work

Must – must (not had to) to express logical assumption Eg. She got a nine for her test again. She must be very clever.

Shall – should asking for advice.

- offer offering help. Eg. “Shall I help?” - She offered help. “Shall I do it?” – She asked if she should do it.

Used to – no change

CORRECT THE MISTAKES

1. She told to me that she was late.

2. “This is a mistake,” she told. She told me that that was a mistake.

3. He said to me that I was right.

4. Sam said me that Den had to be very rich.

5. Peter says, “Everybody is in the garden.”

Peter tells that everybody was in the garden.”