Ministry of Labour
October 14, 2019|
Prevention
Risk Assessment
Fleet Safety Council: 28th Annual Educational Conference
Sujoy Dey, Ph.D., CRMMinistry of [email protected]
Ministry of Labour
2 October 14, 2019|
Hazard vs. Risk
A hazard is any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects on something or someone under certain conditions at work
Risk is the chance or probability that a person will be harmed or experience an adverse health effect if exposed to a hazard. (Canadian Centre for Occupational Health & Safety)
Hazard RiskAn unguarded gear wheel on a workshop grinding machine
The potential to draw clothing & limbs into the drive of the machine and cause serious bodily injury
Electricity in an underground cable at an excavation site
The potential to be unearthed by earth moving machinery and cause electrocution
Noise from an uninsulated chainsaw The potential to seriously damage if levels of up to 110 decibels is reached
Boxes piled in a passageway The potential to trip someone and cause injury
Waste oil from an engine The potential to damage health through skin absorption, due to its carcinogenic properties
… and risks can change over time
Ministry of Labour
3 October 14, 2019|
Risk Assessment: The Swiss Cheese Model of Accident Causation
Adapted © 2013 Industrial Safety Integration
WorkerSimultaneous failure/absence of risk controls could cause a “catastrophic event”
Failure/absence of risk controls
Examples that could lead to increased risk
Training material not
current
Shortage of key skillset
Fatigue
Design issues
LATENT FAILURE
LATENT FAILURE
LATENT FAILURE
Unsafe act
ACTIVE FAILURE
LATENT FAILURE
Ministry of Labour
4 October 14, 2019|
Prevention
Risk Assessment Workshop: Process
Sector Selection
SMEs Identified
Events Identified
Events Analyzed
Events Prioritized
Prioritized list
Workshop is face-to-face. No teleconferencing.
Ministry of Labour
5 October 14, 2019|
Prevention
Risk Assessment Workshop: A Bipartite & Collective Process
q Workshop process was open, transparent, and collaborative:§ Ensured that any perspective or viewpoint was heard§ Each response received was respected and not freely edited
q Finding acceptable solutions that all members can support:§ Only industry participants ranked the risks, not Government/HSA§ Process was NOT about consensus, although the results demonstrate a
significant degree of convergence
q Workshop was “For the industry, By the industry”:§ Results reviewed, validated & finalized by industry BEFORE release§ Results in the public domain before sharing with Ministry/HSA
Ministry of Labour
6 October 14, 2019|
Prevention
# Company/Representation
1 Non-Union *: APPS Transport
2 Women's Trucking Federation of Canada *: Owner Operator Independent Driver Association
3 Women's Trucking Federation of Canada *: Sharp Transportation Systems Inc.
4 Teamsters Local 91 *: Cooney Bulk Sales
5 Teamsters Local 91 *: Loblaws
6 AMJ Campbell *7 ERB Transportation *8 JBT Transport *9 Midland Transport *10 Paul Quail Transport *
# Company/Representation
11 Infrastructure Health & Safety Association
12 Ministry of Transportation: Carrier Enforcement –Road User Safety
13 Ministry of Labour: Operations Division - FrontlineInspectors
14 Ministry of Labour: Prevention Division
Employer representationWorker representation
Risk Assessment Workshop: Subject Matter Experts
* Voting Participant
Ministry of Labour
7 October 14, 2019|
Prevention
“What (situation/condition) could
keep you up at night?”
Risk Assessment Workshop: Question asked was …
Ministry of Labour
8 October 14, 2019|
Prevention
Workshop Results: Top 10 of 105 Identified Events
Risk Rank Category
Event (Situation or Condition) that could result in Injury or Illness OR
What could keep you up at night?
L CRisk
L sd-L C sd-C
1 Environmental Distracted driving 4.90 0.32 4.80 0.42 23.52
2 Fatigue Driver fatigue 4.80 0.42 4.70 0.48 22.56
3 Awareness Careless drivers on the road (other truck drivers, other motorists) 4.90 0.32 4.10 0.74 20.09
4 AwarenessLack of truck awareness training for average everyday car drivers sharing the roads with the trucking industry 4.70 0.48 4.20 0.79 19.74
5 Environmental Driving conditions 4.50 0.53 4.30 0.67 19.35
6 Slips/Trips/Falls Slips, trips and falls 4.40 0.70 4.20 0.79 18.48
7 Psychosocial Stress 4.50 0.53 4.10 0.88 18.45
8 Training Inadequate or insufficient training/skills/qualifications 4.00 0.82 4.60 0.52 18.40
9 Occupational Illness Illness resulting from the lifestyle of a long-distance truck driver 4.50 0.85 4.00 1.33 18.00
10 Slips/Trips/Falls Working at heights (tarping loads) 3.90 0.57 4.40 0.52 17.16
sd- Standard Deviation
Ministry of Labour
9 October 14, 2019|
Prevention
Worker Vs. Workshop Results: Top 10 ComparisonWorker Workshop Results
Risk Rank Category Situation or Condition that could result in Injury
or Illness OR What could keep you up at night? Risk
1 Environmental Distracted driving 23.52
2 Fatigue Driver fatigue 22.56
3 AwarenessCareless drivers on the road (other truck drivers, other motorists) 20.09
4 AwarenessLack of truck awareness training for average everyday car drivers sharing the roads with the trucking industry
19.74
5 Environmental Driving conditions 19.35
6 Slips/Trips/Falls Slips, trips and falls 18.48
7 Psychosocial Stress 18.45
8 TrainingInadequate or insufficient training/skills/qualifications 18.40
9 Occupational Illness
Illness resulting from the lifestyle of a long-distance truck driver 18.00
10 Slips/Trips/Falls Working at heights (tarping loads) 17.16
Risk Rank Category Situation or Condition that could result in Injury
or Illness OR What could keep you up at night? Risk
1 OccupationalIllness
Illness resulting from the lifestyle of a long-distance truck driver 25.00
2 Environmental Distracted driving 24.17
3 Fatigue Driver fatigue 23.00
4 TrainingInadequate or insufficient training/skills/qualifications 22.40
5 AwarenessCareless drivers on the road (other truck drivers, other motorists) 22.00
6 Environmental Driving conditions 21.47
7 Slips/Trips/Falls Slips, trips and falls 20.70
8 AwarenessLack of truck awareness training for average everyday car drivers sharing the roads with the trucking industry
20.53
9 Psychosocial Stress 19.80
10 Slips/Trips/Falls Working at heights (tarping loads) 19.80
Ministry of Labour
10 October 14, 2019|
Prevention
Employer Vs. Workshop Results: Top 10 ComparisonEmployer Workshop Results
Risk Rank Category Situation or Condition that could result in Injury
or Illness OR What could keep you up at night? Risk
1 Environmental Distracted driving 23.00
2 Fatigue Driver fatigue 22.08
3 Environmental Driving conditions 18.40
4 AwarenessCareless drivers on the road (other truck drivers, other motorists) 18.24
5 AwarenessLack of truck awareness training for average everyday car drivers sharing the roads with the trucking industry
17.48
6 Slips/Trips/Falls Slips, trips and falls 16.80
7 Psychosocial Stress 16.56
8 Slips/Trips/Falls Working at heights (tarping loads) 15.12
9 InfrastructureLack of road maintenance (i.e. snow removal variations depending on location and contractors)
14.96
10 TrainingInadequate or insufficient training/skills/qualifications 14.96
Risk Rank Category Situation or Condition that could result in Injury
or Illness OR What could keep you up at night? Risk
1 Environmental Distracted driving 23.52
2 Fatigue Driver fatigue 22.56
3 AwarenessCareless drivers on the road (other truck drivers, other motorists) 20.09
4 AwarenessLack of truck awareness training for average everyday car drivers sharing the roads with the trucking industry
19.74
5 Environmental Driving conditions 19.35
6 Slips/Trips/Falls Slips, trips and falls 18.48
7 Psychosocial Stress 18.45
8 TrainingInadequate or insufficient training/skills/qualifications 18.40
9 Occupational Illness
Illness resulting from the lifestyle of a long-distance truck driver 18.00
10 Slips/Trips/Falls Working at heights (tarping loads) 17.16
Ministry of Labour
11 October 14, 2019|
Prevention
Workshop Results: Top 10 Risk Categories Based On Highest Risk Within That Category
# Category Situation or Condition that could result in Injury or Illness OR What could keep you up at night?
1 Environmental Distracted driving
2 Fatigue Driver fatigue
3 Awareness Careless drivers on the road (other truck drivers, other motorists)
4 Slips/Trips/Falls Slips, trips and falls
5 Psychosocial Stress
6 Training Inadequate or insufficient training/skills/qualifications
7 Occupational Illness Illness resulting from the lifestyle of a long-distance truck driver
8 Infrastructure Lack of truck stops
9 Regulation Speeding trucks
10 Maintenance Pre-trip inspections not performed on trucks to ensure they are maintained in good condition
Ministry of Labour
12 October 14, 2019|
Next Step: Root-Cause Analysis & Controls/Solutions
“I have my to
p
risk list
!”
“Not yours, Mine is better!”
“No. Pick mine!”“Pick mine!”
Workshop results Root-Cause Analysis
Symptom of the problem: “Weed” (Obvious)
Underlying causes: “Root” – Below the surface(Not Obvious)
Highest Risks ???
Ministry of Labour
13 October 14, 2019|
Prevention
ü In order to act on the results and reduce the identified risks effectively,
employers, workers, HSA, and MOL staff come together to attack the risk
from all known and available angles:
The GOAL = Put a STRANGLEHOLD on EACH RISK
Risk Controls: Pulling Together To Mitigate The Risk
Ministry of Labour
14 October 14, 2019|
Prevention
ü “Innovation lies with the regulated, not with
the regulator”
Risk Controls: Effective industry solutions
Ministry of Labour
16 October 14, 2019|
Appendix A: General Freight Sector Heat Map Ministry of LabourLi
kelih
ood
(L)
Consequence (C)
Rare
Unlik
ely
Like
lyVe
ry
Like
lyAl
mos
t Ce
rtain
Low Minor Moderate Major Extreme
Critical
High
Moderate
Low
Ministry of Labour
17 October 14, 2019|
1. Bayesian Analysis2. Bow tie analysis3. Brainstorming (e.g. what-if)4. Business impact analysis5. Cause and effect analysis6. Checklists7. Computer Hazard and Operability Studies (CHAZOP)8. Consequence Analysis (also called Cause-Consequence Analysis)9. Likelihood/Consequence matrix10. Construction Hazard Assessment and Implication Review (CHAIR)11. Decision tree12. Delphi technique13. Energy Barrier Analysis (or Energy Trace Barrier Analysis)14. Environmental risk assessment15. Event tree analysis16. Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA)17. Failure mode, effect and criticality analysis18. Fault Tree Analysis19. Fishbone (Ishikawa) Analysis
20. Hazard analysis and critical control points21. Hazard and Operability studies (HAZOP)22. Human reliability analysis23. Job Safety Analysis (JSA)24. Level of Protection Analysis (LOPA)25. Markov analysis26. Monte Carlo27. Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA)28. Reliability centered maintenance29. Scenario analysis30. Sneak circuit analysis31. Structured/semi-structured interviews32. SWIFT (i.e. structured what-if)33. Systemic Cause Analysis Technique (SCAT)34. Human Error Analysis (HEA)35. Workplace Risk Assessment and Control (WRAC)
Risk Management Standards:1. Risk Management Principles and Guidelines (ISO 31000:2009)2. Risk Assessment Techniques (ISO/IEC 31010:2009)3. OH&S Hazard Identification and Elimination and Risk Assessment and Control (CSA Z1002)4. Process Safety Management (CSA Z767-17)5. Enterprise Risk Management (COSO 2004)6. Global Minerals Industry Risk Management (GMIRM)7. International Council on Mining & Metals (ICMM)
* Not an exhaustive list
Appendix B: Risk Assessment Methods/Standards* Ministry of Labour