RRJoESAMay -August 2014
Research & Reviews Journal of
Embedded System & Applications
STM JOURNALSScientific Technical Medical
ISSN: 2321–8533
STM Publication, a strong initiative by Consortium E-Learning Network Private ltd.(Estd. 2006) was launched in the
year 2010 under the support and guidance by our esteemed Editorial and Advisory board members from renowned
institutes.
Objectives of STM Publication(s):
?Scientific, Technical and Medical research promotions.
?Publication of genuine Research/Review, Short Articles and Case Studies through proper review
process.
?Publishing Special Issues on Conferences.
?Preparing online platform for other print Journals.
?Empowering the libraries with online and print Journals in Scientific, Technical and Medical
domains.
?Publishing and distribution of books on various subjects which mainly falls in the category of
Nanotechnology, Scientific and technical writing & Environment, Health and Safety.
Salient Features:
?A bouquet of 100+ Journals that fall under Science, Technical & Medical domains.
?Employs Open Journals System (OJS) A Journal Management & Publishing System.
?The first and one of the fastest growing publication website in India as well as in abroad for its quality
and coverage.
?Rapid online submission and publication of papers, soon after their formal acceptance/ finalization.
?Facilitates linking with the other authors or professionals.
?Worldwide circulation and visibility.
Focus and Scope Covers
is published (frequency: three times a year) in
India by STM Journals (division of Consortium e-Learning Network Private Ltd. Pvt.) The views expressed in the
articles do not necessarily reflect of the Publisher. The publisher does not endorse the quality or value of the
advertised/sponsored products described therein. Please consult full prescribing information before issuing a
prescription for any products mentioned in this publication.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system or transmitted in any from without written
permission of the publisher.
To cite any of the material contained in this Journal, in English or translation, please use the full English reference at the
beginning of each article. To reuse any of the material, please contact STM Journals ([email protected])
Research & Reviews: Journal of Embedded System & Applications
(ISSN: 2321–8533)
Research & Reviews: Journal of Embedded System & Applications
?Micro-controller Based Embedded Systems Design
?Embedded Operating Systems
?Embedded Instrumentation & control
?Embedded Automotive Systems
?Embedded Access Technologies
? Embedded Design Cycle
?Advance Embedded Signal and Image Processing
STM Publication(s)
STM Journals (division of Consortium e-Learning Network Private Ltd. ) having its Marketing office located at Office
No. 4, First Floor, CSC pocket E Market, Mayur Vihar Phase II, New Delhi-110091, India is the Publisher of Journal.
Statements and opinions expressed in the Journal reflect the views of the author(s) and are not the opinion of STM
Journals unless so stated.
Subscription Information and Order:
Cost of Journal:
? National Subscription: Rs. 3750/- per Journal (includes 3 print issues), Single Issue copy purchase Rs.1500/copy
? International Subscription:
? Online Only- $99, Print Only-$149 (includes 3 print issues)
? Online + Print-$199 (includes 3 print issues + online access of published back volumes )
To purchase print compilation of back issues please send your query at [email protected]
Subscription must be prepaid. Rates outside the India includes speed delivery charges. Prices subject to change
without notice.
Mode of Payment: At par cheque, Demand draft, and RTGS (payment to be made in favor of
Consortium E-Learning Network. Pvt. ltd., payable at Delhi/New Delhi.
Online Access Policy
A). For Authors:
In order to provide maximum citation and wide publicity to the authors work, STM Journals also have Open Access
Policy, authors who would like to get their work open access can opt for Optional Open Access publication at
nominal cost as follows
India, SARC and African Countries: INR 2500 or 100 USD including single hard copy of Author's Journal.
Other Countries: USD 200 including single hard copy of Author's Journal.
B). For Subscribers:
? Online access will be activated within 72 hours of receipt of the payment (working days), subject to receipt of
correct information on user details/Static IP address of the subscriber.
? The access will be blocked:
? If the user requests for the same and furnishes valid reasons for blocking.
? Due to technical issue.
? Misuse of the access rights as per the access policy.
Advertising and Commercial Reprint Inquiries: STM Journals with wide circulation and visibility offer an excellent
media for showcasing/promotion of your products/services and the events-namely, Conferences, Symposia/Seminars
etc. These journals have very high potential to deliver the message across the targeted audience regularly with each
published issue. The advertisements on bulk subscriptions, gift subscriptions or reprint purchases for distribution etc. are
also very welcome.
Lost Issue Claims: Please note the following when applying for lost or missing issues:
? Claims for print copies lost will be honored only after 45 days of the dispatch date and before publication of the
next issue as per the frequency.
? Tracking id for the speed post will be provided to all our subscribers and the claims for the missing Journals will
be entertained only with the proofs which will be verified at both the ends.
? Claims filed due to insufficient (or no notice) of change of address will not be honored.
? Change of Address of Dispatch should be intimated to STM Journals at least 2 months prior to the dispatch
schedule as per the frequency by mentioning subscriber id and the subscription id.
? Refund requests will not be entertained.
Legal Disputes
All the legal disputes are subjected to Delhi Jurisdiction only.
If you have any questions, please contact the Publication Management Team:
[email protected]; Tel : +91 0120-4781211.
Chairman
Mr. Puneet Mehrotra
Managing Director STM Journals, Consortium eLearning Network Pvt. Ltd.(CELNET)
Noida ,India
Group Managing Editor Dr. Archana Mehrotra
DirectorCELNET, Delhi, India
Puneet Pandeya
ManagerMonika Malhotra
Assistant Manager
Assistant Editors
Aditya Sanyal
Anupama Garg
Himani Pandey
Publication Management Team
Internal Members
External Members
Dr. Bimlesh Lochab
Industrial Tribology Machine Dynamics & Maintenance
Engineering Centre (ITMMEC)
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India
Prof. S. Ramaprabhu
Alternative Energy Technology Laboratory,
Department of Physics,
Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, India
Dr. Rajiv Prakash
School of Materials Science and Technology,
Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University,
Varanasi, India
Dr. Rakesh Kumar
Assistant Professor, Department of
Applied Chemistry, BIT Mesra,
Patna, India
Associate Editors
Gargi Asha Jha
Nupur Anand
Priyanka Aswal
Sona Chahal
STM Journal (s) Advisory Board
Dr. Ashish RunthalaLecturer, Biological Sciences Group,
Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani Rajasthan, India.
Dr. Baldev Raj
Former Director, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, India.
Chairman, National Institute of Technology Puducherry, India.
Dr. Baskar KaliyamoorthyAssociate Professor, Department
of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology Trichy, India.
Prof. Bankim Chandra RayProfessor and Head, Department of
Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute of Technology,
Rourkela, India.
Prof. D. N. Rao Professor, Department of Biochemistry,
AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
Prof. Jugal KishoreProfessor, Department of Community
Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.
Dr. Pankaj PoddarScientist, Physical & Materials ChemistryDivision, National Chemical Laboratory,
Pune, India.
Dr. Hardev Singh VirkProfessor Emeritus, Eternal
University, Baru Sahib, India.
Dr. Nandini Chatterjee SinghAssociate Professor,
National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, India.
Dr. Shankargouda PatilAsst. Prof., Department of Oral
Pathology, KLE Society's Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, India.
Prof. Subash Chandra MishraProfessor, Metallurgical & Materials
Engineering Department, NIT, Rourkela, India.
Prof. Yuwaraj Marotrao GhugalProfessor and Head Department, Govt.College of Engineering Station Road,
Osmanpura, Aurangabad, India.
Prof. Sundara RamaprabhuProfessor, Department of Physics
Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India.
Dr. Shrikant Balkisan DhootHead Research & Development,
Nurture Earth R&D Pvt LtdMIT Campus, Beed bypass road,
Aurangabad, India.
Dr. Rakesh KumarAssistant Professor,
Department of Applied Chemistry, BIT Mesra, Patna, India
Dr. Priyavrat TharejaHead, Materials and Metallurgical
Engineering Department, PEC University of Technology,
Chandigarh, India.
STM Journal (s) Advisory Board
Editorial Board
Dr. Aniruddha BhattacharjyaAssistant Professor, CSE Department,
Amrita School of Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
Dr. Anand JattiAssociate Professor, Dept. of
Instrumentation Technology, R.V. College of Engineering Bangalore, India.
Dr. Narendra KohliAssociate Professor and Ex. Head
Computer Science and Engineering Department Harcourt Butler Technological
Institute Nawab Gang, Kanpur, India.
Dr. M ManimaranHead, Department Reactor Operation and
Maintenance, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, India.
Prof. Raj KamalFormer Vice Chancellor and Professor,
Devi Ahilya University, Indore, M.P., India.
Prof. S. A. HariprasadProfessor, ECE Department, B.M.S.I.T,
Bangalore, India.
Mrs Tripty SinghAssistant Professor, Amrita School of Engineering, Computer Science and
Engineering, Amritanagar, Tamilnadu, India.
Dr. T C ThanujaAssociate Professor,
Department of Telecommunication Engg. R V College of Engineering, Bangalore,
India.
I take the privilege to present the hard copy compilation for the Volume 2 Issue (2) of Research &
Reviews: Journal of Embedded System & Applications (RRJoESA). The intension of RRJoESA is
to create an atmosphere that stimulates creativeness, research and growth in the area of Embedded
System & Applications.
The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by
eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. RRJoESA provides an outlet for Research findings
and reviews in areas of Embedded System & Applications. found to be relevant for National and
International recent developments & research initiative.
The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for
the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and
research in the domain of Embedded System & Applications.
Finally, I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/ Reviewer board and Authors for
their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring write-
ups/ reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With
regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality
Research/Reviesw findings for our customers base.
I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.
Dr. Archana Mehrotra
Director
STM Journals
Director's Desk
STM JOURNALS
1. Energy Efficient LED Driver using PIC Prashant V. Thokal , V. A. Deodhar Kulkarni, S. S. Pawar 1
2. Application of Image Denoising through Comorbid Pixel Regularization Algorithm based on Neuro-Fuzzy Rule Abha Choubey, G. R. Sinha, Ankush Rai 7
3. An Overview of Computerized Toll MechanismSheikh T., Hemrajani N., Bagaria G., Lalit Jangir 12
ContentsResearch & Reviews: Journal of Embedded System & Applications
RRJoESA (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Research & Reviews: A Journal of Embedded System & Applications ISSN: 2321-8533 (online)
Volume 2, Issue 2
www.stmjournals.com
Energy Efficient LED Driver using PIC
Prashant V. Thokal *, V. A. Deodhar Kulkarni, S. S. Pawar Government College of Engineering, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
Abstract The tremendous growth of LED lighting in offline applications, such as office lighting,
public buildings, and street lighting is increasing, and that increase is predicted to continue for the future years. In these applications, LEDs replace linear or high-power
CFL fluorescent lamps, high-intensity discharge (HID) lamps such as metal halide and high-pressure sodium, as well as mercury vapor lamps which consume more power than
LEDs lamp. These applications require an LED driver. In this paper we propose a method
which describes an intelligent control circuitry to drive a string of LEDs with current regulation and pulse modulation (PWM)-based dimming technique using PIC
microcontroller.
Keywords: LED, PWM, PIC microcontroller
RRJoESA (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Research & Reviews: A Journal of Embedded System & Applications ISSN: 2321-8533 (online)
Volume 2, Issue 2
www.stmjournals.com
Application of Image Denoising through Comorbid Pixel
Regularization Algorithm based on Neuro-Fuzzy Rule
Abha Choubey1, G. R. Sinha
2, Ankush Rai
3* 1,2
Shri Shankaracharya Group of Institution Junwani, Bhilai, Distt. Durg, Chattisgarh-490 020, India 3CRIAD Laboratories, Bhilai, Distt. Durg, Chattisgarh-490 020, India
Abstract This study presents a novel approach of image denoising for medical images. Since, for medical diagnosis, action of object extraction plays a vital role but such jobs are limited
with the visual observation and there is no denying from the fact that the medical images
are subjected to noise which makes it difficult for the medical practitioner to extract features from such noisy images. Therefore, for accurate decisions it is required that such
images should be free from noise. But coming up with a denoising algorithm is pretty
strainful, since fine details in relevance with the diagnostic information should not be destroyed during the process of noise removal. Hence, in the study we addressed the
solution of this problem with the novel technique to the visual quality of medical images.
Keywords: Fuzzy-neural logic, denoising image, medical application
RRJoESA (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Research & Reviews: A Journal of Embedded System & Applications ISSN: 2321-8533 (online)
Volume 2, Issue 2
www.stmjournals.com
An Overview of Computerized Toll Mechanism
Sheikh T.1*, Hemrajani N.
2, Bagaria G.
3, Lalit Jangir
4
1Department of Information technology, Suresh Gyan Vihar University,
Jaipur, India
2Department of Computer Science, JECRC University,
Jaipur, India
3Department of Computer Science, Vivekananda Institute of Technology, Jaipur, India
4Department of Computer Science, Vivekananda Institute of Technology, Jaipur, India
Abstract A Computerized Toll Mechanized is utilized for toll gathering without making movement
blockage and holding up in long line with help of radio-frequency identification (RFID) strategy. Likewise, by utilizing this system, it will spare time, i.e. by staying away from
long line as no need to stop the vehicle and no need of manual transaction. Most critical
that, the stolen vehicle will have the capacity to get effortlessly with help of RFID method
and nail gathering. The current system for gathering toll is on the premise of manual
transaction. In this every vehicle need to stop at the toll square for instalment and there
could be an issue of definite transaction. It reasons movement blockage, increase pollution and squandering time of individuals. In Mechanized Toll System no compelling
reason to stop vehicle at toll court, it will recognize the RFID label, which is mounted on vehicle. In the wake of recognizing RFID tag, the database on the executives screen will
show up and the offset from the client's record will get deducted. So there will not be any
issue as said above. A RFID tag is introduced on every vehicle with read/compose memory. An onlooker gadget peruses this information when close to toll system from the
vehicle and contrasts it and the information in the workstation database, if ID is in defaulter i.e. objection is in police headquarters about lost or something for security
reason nail get up with the goal that it will not equipped to go outside and it will get
consequently got then permits the right to gain entrance as needs be by opening the door. Anyway, ID is not in the defaulter rundown, toll Accumulation is brought and nails goes
down and door get open .The whole system is produced as an installed system utilizing
microcontroller and related gadgets. The system is joined with a PC utilizing the RS232C
interface within the implanted system. This permits the system to peruse and compose
information from/to a database that is from the record.
Keywords: Workstation, accumulation, mechanized