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PROGRESS OF THE MILKIT PROJECT IN TANZANIA:
Preliminary DVC assessment in Tanzania – with emphasis on feeds and feeding
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Research ActivitiesDVC Assessment in Morogoro and Tanga
(More-MilkiT, MilkIT and SFFF July–Aug 2012 )
Preliminary DVC assessment in Tanzania
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Objectives Obtain an overview of dairy value chains and
DVC actors in selected regions and districts of Tanzania
Preliminary DVC assessment in Tanzania
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Tanga & Morogoro
Region
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Tanga & Morogoro
Region
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Process 8 villages in 4 districts from 2 regions Focus group discussions with producers in 8 villages Production systems:
Extensive/agro-pastoral (3 villages) – livestock dominates
Semi-intensive (3 villages) – cropping dominates Intensive – improved dairy cows (2 villages)
Individual interviews, selected through snowball principle and key informants, with Service and input suppliers Traders and vendors
Preliminary DVC assessment in Tanzania
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Tanzania
Morogoro Tanga
KilosaMvomero Handeni
Lushoto
a b c
Country
Region
District
Village
MilkIT feed activities in village types a and c. Overarching IP at Regional level and local feed IP’s at District level.
Ward
a b c a b c a b c
Preliminary DVC assessment in Tanzania
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Focus group discussions with producers from 8 villages
Concurrently 3 FGDs in each village focusing on Village mapping – natural, social + financial
resources, infrastructure + land use system Value chain mapping Epidemiological issues – animal health Feeding and breeding management Gender roles, and Livelihood assessment – importance of
livestock – and decision making power in the livestock sector
Preliminary DVC assessment in Tanzania
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Considerations concerning village selection Cattle numbers + number of cattle-keeping
households Improved cattle + number of households with
improved cattle Market channels:
Rural to ruralRural to urban
Production systemsIntensive/semi-intensiveExtensive
Accessibility
Preliminary DVC assessment in Tanzania
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Characteristics of selected villages District Village Cattle
population (no. hds)
HHs with cattle (no.)
Marketing channels
Farming system
Altitude Access-ibility
Tanga
Lushoto Kwang’ wenda
308-Improved
102 Rural-urban
Intensive High Good
Magamba 1330-Improved
330 Rural- urban
Intensive High Good
Handeni Sindeni 4996-Local 86 Rural-rural Extensive Low Good
Kabuku 121-Local + 60-Improved
10-Local + 32-Improved
Rural-rural Extensive + Intensive
Low Good
MorogoroMvomero
Manyinga 298-Improved
42 Rural- urban
Extensive Low/high Good
Kambala 8,614-Local + 354-Improved
562-local + 76-Improved
Rural-urban
Extensive + Intensive
Low Good
Kilosa Twatwatwa
60,317-Local 191 Rural-rural Extensive Low Good
Mbwade 3745-Local 47 Rural-rural Extensive Low Good
Preliminary DVC assessment in Tanzania
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Natural resources & InfrastructureAll villages have
Water from rivers Electric power supply – except Kambala and
Mbwade Opportunity to install chilling facility for collecting
milk Road access throughout the year– except
Kambala
Feeds Easy access to maize bran – could be used to
supplement cows
Preliminary DVC assessment in Tanzania
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Milk marketing channelsMain channels identified
Collection centers (Tanga Fresh and Tan Dairies)
Local restaurants Neighbours/households through vendors
Some channels dropped in the dry season Mainly individual households and restaurants
Differences in prices – lowest by collection centers
Large price fluctuation due to milk surplus in main rainy season
Preliminary DVC assessment in Tanzania
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Feeding systems available Seasonal feeding
Pastoral transhumance (Livestock & household moved)
Pastoral transhumance (Livestock only moved)
Agro-pastoral (mainly grazing within boma feeding or tethering)
Agro-pastoral (mainly boma feeding or tethering)
Agro-pastoral (only stall feeding)
Preliminary DVC assessment in Tanzania
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Feed & feeding issues – 1 3 seasons identified: long and short wet, and dry
season Feed availability varies with seasons
Long and short wet seasons abundant feed in the 8 villages
Dry season low feed availability in both extensive and semi-intensive production system
In extensive system, animals are moved to areas where there is pasture (transhumance)
Feed variability affects Milk availability in three main milk channels and Milk price – increase in dry season
Preliminary DVC assessment in Tanzania
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Feed purchased in Manyinga village, Mvomero Hominy feed (coarse maize flour) Sunflower seed cake Rice polishing Molasses Limestone Dicalcium Phosphate Maclick (mineral powder) Salt
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Feed & feeding issues – 2 Lack of access to concentrate feeds mentioned as a
challenge in semi-intensive systemPreferential feeding reported by farmers in semi-
intensive/ intensive system – pregnant cows fed with concentrate 2-3 months before calving
Fewer feed types contributing to animal diet in extensive than in intensive systemExtensive: communal grazing land, legume and
cereal residues, grazing in valley and transhumance Semi/intensive: grasses from communal land,
planted grasses, crop residue (cereals and legumes), maize bran, tree leaves, conserved feed, banana pseudo stem and tubers depending on availability
Preliminary DVC assessment in Tanzania
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Feeding systems: extensive vs. semi-intensive/intensive
Preliminary DVC assessment in Tanzania
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Natural grasses (inriver/stream)
Natural grasses (fromneighboring village)
Legumes (residues ofcowpeas, beans)
Banana pseudo stems,tubers, etc
Conserved feeds
Tree leaves (MPTs)
Maize bran andminerals
Feed resources throughout the year in Kwang’wenda, Lushoto – semi-intensive
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Transhumance
Grazing by the valleys& rivers
Cereal residues
Legume residues
Grazing on communalland
Feed resources throughout the year in Sindeni, Handeni – extensive
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Feed & feeding issues – constraints Lack of knowledge
Feeding requirements and feed resources Feed conservation (semi-intensive/intensive system) Cattle do not feed on dry grass
Lack of grazing land Problems with termites Land sales Conflicts between pastoralists and crop farmers
Lack of resources for Hay/crop residue storage facilities Few or no input suppliers in villages Water in the dry season
Preliminary DVC assessment in Tanzania
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Feed & feeding issues – possible solutionsPlanted fodders – require dry season
tolerance Compounded feed Feed supplement/additives (e.g., molasses not
used as animal feed) Conserved feeds (Hay, silage) Crop residues (Stover, straw, bean halls etc)
Preliminary DVC assessment in Tanzania
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