Protection, Support & Locomotion Systems
Ch 34 Guide & Intro to Coordination Systems
COORDINATION SYSTEMSSystems that Physically and Chemically coordinate the body:
Physical: SKIN SUPPORT MUSCULATURE
Chemical: NERVOUS ENDOCRINE
SYSTEMS: Multiple organs workingtogether to serve a body function
Tissues: cells working together to do a simple function
Organs: tissues working together to do a complex function
Cells: smallest basic units Respiratory system
Systems are made of: Organs, Tissues, Cells,& connective tissues
Tissues include: a. Epithelial tissue b. Muscle tissue c. Connecting
tissue1) Cartilage2) Tendons3) Ligaments
Smoker’s Lung Tissue
The Skin: 1. Structure……….
a. Epidermis made of
epithelial cellsb. Dermis with sweat glands hair follicles oil glands capillaries nerve cells
A. The Skin..……….. the largest organ in the body
2. Function: protection temperature
control sensory integrity of the
body secretions from
glands produces Vitamin D
Support Systems may be:
Exoskeleton: Endoskeleton:
Hard outer covering Internal set of bones
Exoskeletons Hard outer
covering made of chitin or
shell examples:
lobster, snail, squid
Does the starfish have and exoskeleton ?
No !.. An Endoskeleton:Made of 1). cartilage or 2). boneCovered by muscles skinExamples:
starfish, shark, mammals.
B1. Human Endoskeleton made of
a. Axial: skull, backbone, ribs, sternum
b. Appendicular: arms, legs, shoulders, hips,wrists, ankles
Boo !
Endoskeletons also have…….
1c. Ligaments that hold bone to bone
1d. Tendons that hold muscle to bone, “muscle tenders”
1e. Joints where 2 bones come together
Types of Joints
Joint Damage: Arthritis
B2. Bone Formation:
Bone Deformation: Lack of Vitamin D
“Bow-legged”
B3. The Support System Functions:
Protection of organs
Movement Stores calcium & potassium
Produces RBC (marrow)
Supports
C1.Three types of Muscle:
A. Smooth: involuntary control of internal organs for digestion, & blood vessels
B. Cardiac: involuntary control of the heart
C. Skeletal: Voluntary control of the skeletal muscles for movement
The Musculature System……..
2. Structure: Voluntary
Muscles Striated-
Skeletal Involuntary
Muscles Cardiac- Heart Smooth-Stomach
Striated SkeletalSeveral nucleiBox shaped, many mitochondria
Cardiac Muscle: Fewer Striations
Fewer Mitochondria
Large nuclei Lattice work
of spaces between some cells
Still square shape
One nuclei per cell
Smooth Muscle: Eye shaped One nuclei
per cell No lattice
work No striations Long &
drawn out Fewer
Mitochondria
How Do Muscles Contract?
Muscle bundles work in opposite pairs:Contracting & Relaxing (biceps & triceps in the arms)
4a. Sliding Filament Theory of MuscleContraction:
Muscles are made of Bundles Of fibers with Smaller subunits of
myofibrilsMyofibrils are made
of Actin & Myosin
chemcials require ATP energy To slide past each
other
Myosin
Actin
Relaxed Muscle
Contracted Muscle
C6. Musculature System Function:
MovementStores Protein
Maintains Body Shape