Proctor and Lynch 1994, p. 247
Avian Nervous Systems
Peripheral (PNS), Central (CNS), Autonomic (ANS)
Peripheral Nervous SystemCentral Nervous SystemAutonomic Nervous SystemCell BodyDendriteAxonMyelin SheathAxon TerminalSynapseNeurotransmitter
NEURON TERMINOLOGY
Sensory NeuronMotor NeuronInterneuronSimple ReflexComplex Reflex
CNS: Forebrain
Fig. 4-31 in Podulka et al. 2004
• Memory
• Learning
• Smell
Olfactory Lobe, Cerebral Hemispheres, Hypothalamus, Pituitary Gland
CNS: Cerebellum, Medulla Oblongata
Equilibrium
Posture
Motor Control (i.e., Flight)
-----------------------------------
Breathing
Heart Rate
Blood Pressure
CNS TERMINOLOGY
BrainSpinal CordTracts (White Matter)Nuclei (Gray Matter)NeurogliaMeningesDuraArachnoidPia
ForebrainCerebral LobesOlfactory LobeMidbrainCerebellumMedulla OblongataCervical EnlargementLumbosacral EnlargmentRhomboid SinusGlycogen Body
PNS: Spinal Nerves II(Dorsal and Ventral Spinal Nerves)
(Dorsal Sensory Nerve, Dorsal Root Ganglia,Ventral Motor Nerve)
Dorsal Root Ganglia
• Nerve•Fascicle•Nerve Fiber• Ganglia• Cranial Nerve (12 pairs)• Spinal Nerve (variable number: 39-51 pairs)• Brachial Plexus• Lumbosacral Plexus
PNS Terminology
ANS: Sympathetic System(Thoracic and Lumbar Regions)
Fig. 4-35 in Podulka et al. 2004
Conspicuous Ganglia
ANS: Parasympathetic System(Cranial and Sacral Regions)
Fig. 4-35 in Podulka et al. 2004
Inconspicuous Ganglia
ANS Terminology
• Two Neuron Chains•Sympathetic Nervous System• Sympathetic Ganglia•Sympathetic Trunk• “Fight or Flight” Response• Parasympathetic Nervous System• Parasympathetic Ganglia• Relaxation Response
1 http://www.mikearauz.com/images/myelin.jpg
2 http://www.sci-recovery.org/images/synapse.gif
3 http://www.medanimations.com/illustrations/illus_images/neuronSynapse.jpg
4 http://lpmpjogja.diknas.go.id/kc/b/brain/brain-neuron-types.gif
5 http://www.yachigusaryu.com/blog/pics/top_ten_principles/3/ image005.jpg
6 http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2007/08/01/health/adam/18117.jpg
7 http://www.free-ed.net/sweethaven/MedTech/Physiology/007fig1202.jpg
8 http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/554images/kiwi_nostril2.png
9 http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/02/images/060217_kiwi.jpg
10 http://kaweahoaks.com/html/raven01.jpg
11 http://www.pocanticohills.org/4thgrade/06/399px-Buberel_Gray_parrot.jpg
12 http://www.blogfabulous.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/11/rooster.jpg
14 http://www.ice.co.za/images/photos/Birds/DSC_5605a-phalarope-wilsons.jpg
15 http://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/images/Photos/loxicurv.jpg
16 http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/915/55047593.JPG
17 http://www.admin.ox.ac.uk/po/graphics/crowtool.jpg
18 http://www.sciam.com/media/inline/6B81B7F7-E7F2-99DF- 39863302C45E0D3B_1.jpg
19 http://www.birds.cornell.edu/crows/images/BeWRENcth.jpg
20 http://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2007/08/070821092943.jpg
21 http://www.7seas-whalewatch.com/Wilson's%20Storm%20Petrel%20 feed%20copy.JPG
22 http://www.kiroastro.com/images/manan/9023b.jpg
23 http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/04fire/logs/hirez/zooplankton_hirez.jpg
24 http://www.audubon.org/bird/puffin/virtual/pics/lesp_nest.jpg
25 http://www.audubon.org/bird/puffin/virtual/stormpetrel.html
26 http://www.oceanwanderers.com/Prionflock.1.JPG
27 http://www.eurekalert.org/features/kids/images/prion020905_1.jpg
28 http://www.eurekalert.org/features/kids/images/prion020905_2.jpg
29 http://www.pigeon.psy.tufts.edu/asc/balda/Used%20Images/pine_seed_cache _exposed_by_author_sml.png
30 http://www.kahle.org/tweeters/images/clarks.jpg
31 http://www.gotpetsonline.com/pictures-gallery/bird-pictures-breeders- chicks/pigeon-pictures-breeders-chicks/pictures/pigeon-0021.jpg
32 http://www.5bbc.org/images/2006/20061021a_pigeons_large.jpg
33 http://www.pelicannetwork.net/images.banding/VWS.Mike.Nellie.close.net.jpg
34 http://www.taiga.net/yourYukon/col139.jpg
35 http://pie.midco.net/tigerbeetle/TigerBeetle/miscphotos/Colorado/ Wilson's%20warbler.jpg36 http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/IMAGES/Oregon/western_meadowlark4.jpg
37 http://www.hiltonpond.org/images/NuthatchWhiteBreastSeed01.jpg
38 http://www.ucsc.edu/currents/02-03/art/coot-nest.200.03-04-07.JPG
39 http://www.amonline.net.au/factsheets/images/eurasian_coot_nest.jpg
40 http://kaweahoaks.com/html/raven01.jpg
41 http://fohn.net/monarch-butterfly-pictures/monarch-butterfly_800x600.jpg
42 http://www.svbnc.org/images/Mourning%20Cloak.jpg
43 http://www.hse.k12.in.us/staff/cvanalstine/images/blue%20jay.jpg
44 http://www.naturephoto-cz.com/photos/birds/carrion-crow-2612.jpg
45 http://www.hiltonpond.org/images/WalnutBlack01.jpg
46 http://economistsview.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/minime62806.gif
47 http://www.birdingmaine.com/images/PP/american_crow_flight.jpg
48 http://images.jupiterimages.com/common/detail/99/51/22845199.jpg
49 http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v431/n7004/images/431039a-f1.2.jpg
50 http://www.admin.ox.ac.uk/po/graphics/crowtool.jpg